A Retirement Plan Trust can be an essential component of a well-rounded estate plan for individuals and families in Forest Meadows and greater Calaveras County. This legal arrangement helps transfer retirement account assets—such as IRAs and employer plans—into a trust framework that aligns with your broader goals for asset protection, beneficiary designations, and tax considerations. When created thoughtfully, a Retirement Plan Trust can provide clarity about distributions, manage timing for beneficiary payments, and reduce the likelihood of disputes after you pass. Our goal is to explain how this tool fits within your overall estate plan and when it may be appropriate for your situation.
Many residents choose a Retirement Plan Trust when they want greater control over how retirement assets are handled after death, especially when beneficiaries are minors, have special needs, or when there are blended family dynamics. A trust can specify distribution schedules, preserve assets for long-term needs, and coordinate retirement accounts with other documents like wills and revocable living trusts. In California, careful drafting ensures the trust complies with plan rules and tax regulations. We focus on helping clients understand options and draft documents that are clear, durable, and coordinated with retirement account plan administrators and trustees.
A Retirement Plan Trust offers benefits that include managing income tax consequences, protecting beneficiaries from immediate lump-sum distributions, and providing structured payment timelines that reflect your intentions. It can preserve retirement assets for dependents who may not be financially prepared to receive a large inheritance and can reduce the risk of assets being lost to creditors or mismanagement. In many cases, the trust also facilitates smoother administration by combining trust terms with retirement plan rules, which helps fiduciaries and family members implement your wishes with less confusion and fewer disputes.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves individuals and families in San Jose, Forest Meadows, and throughout California with focused estate planning services, including Retirement Plan Trusts. Our approach emphasizes clear client communication, careful document drafting, and close coordination with trustees and plan administrators. We guide clients through selecting the right trust provisions, naming successor trustees, and ensuring retirement plan beneficiary designations align with the trust structure. Clients receive practical advice tailored to California law and local court practices, helping them implement retirement plan arrangements that reflect their financial goals and family priorities.
A Retirement Plan Trust is specifically drafted to receive retirement account benefits while meeting the distribution rules and tax considerations that apply to IRAs and retirement plans. Unlike a simple beneficiary designation, the trust can control when and how funds are distributed, which may preserve tax deferral advantages under certain circumstances and prevent premature depletion of assets. Trust provisions can address naming contingencies, distribution timing, and trustee powers to stretch distributions in alignment with applicable law. Proper drafting must reflect plan documents to ensure plan administrators accept the trust as a beneficiary.
Key considerations when deciding whether a Retirement Plan Trust is appropriate include the ages and maturity of beneficiaries, creditor exposure, tax implications, and the relationship between the retirement plan and other estate planning documents. The trust can be revocable or irrevocable depending on the goals and the desired level of control after death. Coordination with financial advisors and plan administrators is important to confirm that the trust language meets the plan’s beneficiary acceptance requirements and avoids unintended tax consequences or administrative hurdles.
A Retirement Plan Trust is a trust drafted to be the beneficiary of a retirement account, such as an IRA, 401(k), or other qualified plan. Its terms specify how the retirement funds will be held and distributed to named beneficiaries after the account holder’s death. The trust functions as a legal recipient of plan assets and empowers the trustee to manage distributions in a manner consistent with the grantor’s instructions. Careful language ensures distributions comply with plan rules and applicable tax rules, and that the trustee has the authority necessary to receive required minimum distributions on behalf of beneficiaries.
Key elements of a Retirement Plan Trust include beneficiary designation language that matches the trust, trust provisions addressing distribution timing, trustee powers for managing and distributing assets, and successor trustee appointments. The process generally includes a review of existing retirement accounts, drafting or updating the trust document, coordinating beneficiary designations with plan administrators, and advising trustees on administration duties. It is important to ensure trust language supports tax-efficient distributions and is accepted by the retirement plan to prevent delays or unintended tax outcomes for beneficiaries.
This glossary explains common terms used when discussing Retirement Plan Trusts, from distributions and required minimum distributions to beneficiary designations and trustee duties. Understanding these terms helps you make informed decisions and communicate clearly with trustees, financial advisors, and plan administrators. The definitions that follow are written to clarify how retirement accounts interact with trust provisions and what practical implications certain drafting choices may have for your estate plan and for your beneficiaries’ future financial security.
The beneficiary designation is the form filed with a retirement plan or account that names who will receive the account assets upon the owner’s death. For a Retirement Plan Trust to receive retirement funds, the trust must be properly named as the beneficiary on the plan’s designation form. This designation typically overrides a will, so coordinating designations with other estate planning documents is necessary to achieve intended results. Accurate and current beneficiary forms help prevent unintended distributions and administrative complications.
Trustee powers and duties describe the responsibilities granted to the trustee for managing trust assets, making distributions, filing tax returns, and communicating with beneficiaries. In the context of a Retirement Plan Trust, trustees often must calculate distributions, request required minimum distributions from plan administrators, and follow the trust terms regarding timing and amounts. Clear drafting helps ensure trustees have the authority to act efficiently and in compliance with plan and tax rules while honoring the grantor’s intent for beneficiary support and asset preservation.
A Required Minimum Distribution, or RMD, is the minimum amount that must be withdrawn annually from certain retirement accounts after a specified age. When a trust is the beneficiary, trustees must follow distribution rules that may affect whether the beneficiaries can continue tax-deferral benefits. Properly drafted trust provisions and timely actions by trustees help ensure RMDs are managed to comply with IRS rules and the retirement plan’s requirements, reducing the risk of penalties and preserving tax advantages when possible.
A conduit trust requires the trustee to distribute retirement plan payouts directly to beneficiaries as received, often preserving beneficiary access to stretches of distributions. An accumulation trust allows the trustee to hold distributions within the trust and make discretionary distributions, which can provide protection from creditors and poor financial decision-making by beneficiaries. Choosing between these structures affects tax treatment and administrative obligations, so the selection should reflect the grantor’s goals for control, protection, and distribution flexibility.
When deciding whether to name individuals or a trust as beneficiary of retirement accounts, weigh control, creditor protection, tax implications, and administrative complexity. Naming an individual generally allows simpler and direct access, but may expose assets to creditors, divorce claims, or unplanned spending. Designating a trust can impose structure and protections, at the cost of additional drafting detail and trustee administration. The right choice depends on family circumstances, ages of beneficiaries, and concerns about asset preservation, and should be made with consideration of both financial and familial goals.
A straightforward beneficiary designation to an individual may be appropriate when beneficiaries are adults who demonstrate financial maturity and have no significant creditor exposure. In such cases, naming the individual minimizes administration and allows beneficiaries immediate access to funds according to plan rules. This approach can simplify tax reporting and distribution timing, and may be preferable when the account owner wants beneficiaries to receive funds directly without trustee oversight. However, even in these situations, keeping beneficiary forms current and coordinating with a broader estate plan is important to avoid unintended consequences.
A limited approach may be suitable when family relationships are straightforward, there are no blended family concerns, and there is confidence that beneficiaries will manage assets responsibly. If the account owner wishes to minimize legal and administrative costs, naming individuals directly can reduce complexity. It is important to ensure that beneficiary designations align with the will and any trusts to prevent conflicts. Regular reviews after major life events such as marriage, divorce, or births help maintain the intended distribution of retirement assets.
A comprehensive approach coordinates beneficiary designations, trust provisions, wills, and other estate documents to protect heirs and preserve tax benefits. This is particularly important when beneficiaries include minors, individuals with special needs, or when there are concerns about creditor claims and divorce. Thoughtful coordination reduces the risk of unintended distributions, ensures retirement plan rules are respected, and helps maintain favorable tax treatment where available. Comprehensive planning also provides a single framework for trustees and family members to follow, reducing confusion and the potential for disputes.
When families include multiple marriages, children from different relationships, or beneficiaries with differing financial needs, a comprehensive plan helps achieve equitable and intentional outcomes. Planning may involve creating tailored trust terms, setting distribution schedules, and coordinating account beneficiary designations with retirement plan administrators. A unified plan addresses contingencies such as incapacity, beneficiary predeceasing the owner, and changes in tax law, providing clarity and confidence that your retirement assets will be administered in accordance with your wishes.
A comprehensive estate planning approach reduces the chances of conflicting documents, ensures beneficiary designations are current, and helps preserve retirement account tax benefits through aligned trust drafting. It provides mechanisms for managing distributions, protecting beneficiaries from mismanagement, and coordinating trustee responsibilities with plan administrators. With clear instructions and well-drafted documents, families experience fewer disputes and smoother administration when a retirement account becomes payable, and trustees can act confidently to implement the decedent’s intentions.
Beyond administrative ease, a comprehensive plan can offer creditor protection for beneficiaries, address concerns about remarriage and blended families, and set up long-term support for dependents or charitable intentions. Coordinating retirement plan beneficiary designations with trusts, wills, and powers of attorney creates a cohesive legal structure that minimizes surprises and helps ensure transfer of assets according to your preferences. Regular reviews maintain alignment with life changes and evolving laws, keeping the plan effective over time.
One major benefit of a comprehensive plan is the ability to determine when beneficiaries receive retirement funds rather than leaving timing to default plan rules. Trust provisions can stagger payments over years, set ages at which distributions occur, or specify distributions tied to milestones like education or home purchase. This control helps protect younger beneficiaries from receiving large sums prematurely and allows the plan owner to tailor distributions to the family’s long-term wellbeing, aligning financial support with real needs while accounting for tax ramifications.
A properly designed trust can shield inherited retirement assets from creditors, lawsuits, or claims arising from divorce, depending on the trust structure and California law. By placing control of funds with a trustee and setting distribution guidelines, the plan owner can reduce the risk that beneficiaries will lose their inheritance due to financial hardship or poor judgment. This protective layer offers peace of mind that assets intended for long-term support will be available to beneficiaries over time, ensuring a stable financial legacy.
Ensure that the trust is named precisely on retirement plan beneficiary forms and that those forms match the trust’s legal name and date. Discrepancies between trust documents and beneficiary forms can cause plan administrators to reject the trust or default to an unintended beneficiary, resulting in administrative delays or conflicting outcomes. Regularly review beneficiary designations after changes in family status, account rollovers, or trust amendments to keep all documents aligned and effective at the time they are needed.
Life events such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, or move across state lines can impact the effectiveness of a Retirement Plan Trust. Regular review ensures beneficiary designations and trust provisions remain aligned with current circumstances and legal developments. Revisit documents after major financial changes like account rollovers or re-titling of accounts. Proactive reviews reduce the risk of unintended results and help maintain a plan that reflects current wishes and the family’s evolving needs over time.
Consider a Retirement Plan Trust if you have concerns about how heirs will manage retirement assets, if beneficiaries include minors or individuals with special needs, or if your family structure is complex due to remarriage or blended relationships. A trust can provide controlled distributions, creditor protection, and coordination with estate documents to ensure retirement funds are used according to your intentions. It also supports tax-aware distribution strategies and reduces the potential for family disputes by setting clear rules for trustees to follow.
You may also consider a trust when large retirement account balances could expose beneficiaries to tax or creditor risk, when you want to maintain eligibility for public benefits for a beneficiary with disabilities, or when you wish to leave funds to multiple beneficiaries with differing needs. In these scenarios, a trust helps balance protection and flexibility, providing mechanisms for staggered payments, oversight, and long-term stewardship of retirement assets while aligning with California law and plan requirements.
Typical circumstances include having minor children, beneficiaries with special needs, blended families where you wish to preserve assets for children from a prior relationship, concerns about creditor claims, or when beneficiaries may face large tax obligations. Other triggers include significant retirement account balances, ownership of multiple retirement plans that require coordinated beneficiary designations, or a desire to impose distribution schedules to support long-term financial stability for heirs. Each circumstance benefits from tailored trust drafting and coordinated beneficiary forms.
When beneficiaries are minors or young adults, a Retirement Plan Trust can delay or schedule distributions to ensure funds are used for education, living expenses, or gradual support rather than a lump-sum payout that might be quickly depleted. Trust provisions can set ages or milestones for distribution, provide for discretionary payments, and assign trustee duties for managing investments and tax reporting. This approach helps protect the financial future of younger beneficiaries by providing structure while allowing necessary flexibility for changing needs.
If a beneficiary has ongoing medical, developmental, or financial needs, a trust can provide tailored support while protecting eligibility for public benefits where applicable. Trust terms can direct funds for housing, medical care, and daily living expenses without disqualifying a beneficiary from means-tested programs. Carefully drafted provisions and coordination with advisors ensure distributions support the beneficiary’s long-term welfare, maintain benefits, and provide reliable oversight through trustee management and reporting.
In blended families, a Retirement Plan Trust can ensure that assets are preserved for children from prior relationships while still providing for a surviving spouse or partner. Trust provisions may include life-interest arrangements, staggered distributions, or remainder provisions that return assets to designated beneficiaries after a spouse’s lifetime. Thoughtful trust design addresses competing family interests and reduces the likelihood of disputes by clearly documenting intended distributions and trustee responsibilities.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides retirement trust planning services for residents of Forest Meadows and surrounding areas. We work with local families to create cohesive plans that reflect California law and local considerations, helping coordinate beneficiary designations, trust wording, and administration steps. Whether you are updating documents or creating a new retirement plan trust, we aim to make the process straightforward and practical, offering clear guidance about trustee roles, distribution options, and the steps needed to implement your chosen plan.
Clients choose the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman because we provide personalized attention to each estate plan and retirement trust, helping clients identify the options that best meet family needs. We emphasize clear communication, careful drafting, and thorough coordination with retirement plan administrators so that trust language will be accepted and effective. Our process focuses on minimizing administrative obstacles and creating documents that trustees and beneficiaries can implement with confidence.
Our team guides clients through the practical steps of naming beneficiaries, drafting trust provisions, and preparing trustees for their responsibilities. We explain how different trust structures affect taxes, creditor protection, and distribution timing, and we work to align all estate documents with your overall objectives. We also help identify potential issues that could arise during administration and recommend drafting solutions that reduce conflict and support long-term financial security for heirs.
We serve clients across Forest Meadows, San Jose, and California, assisting with a range of estate documents such as revocable living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and special needs or pet trusts. Our practice includes coordinating with financial advisors and retirement plan administrators to ensure that retirement account beneficiary designations and trust provisions work together as intended. This integrated approach helps families implement durable plans that respond to changing life circumstances and legal developments.
Our process begins with a thorough consultation to understand your retirement accounts, family situation, and goals for distributions. We then review existing beneficiary forms and estate documents, recommend trust structures that align with plan and tax rules, and draft or amend trust provisions accordingly. After drafting, we assist with executing beneficiary designation forms and provide trustees with guidance for administration. Follow-up reviews ensure documents remain current as life events occur and laws change, keeping your plan effective over time.
During the initial review, we gather information about retirement accounts, beneficiaries, and existing estate documents. We discuss your priorities for timing of distributions, creditor protection, and any needs for long-term oversight. This step clarifies whether a conduit or accumulation trust is preferable and identifies any coordination needed with other estate planning tools. The result is a clear plan for drafting documents that reflect your intentions and comply with retirement plan rules.
We compile details on retirement accounts, current beneficiary designations, and relevant plan documents to ensure all information is accurate and up to date. This helps identify conflicts, plan-specific requirements, and any administrative hurdles for naming a trust as beneficiary. Accurate documentation reduces delays later and enables us to draft trust language that matches plan requirements for acceptance and distribution administration.
We discuss family dynamics, financial needs of beneficiaries, creditor risks, and any public benefit considerations to determine the most suitable trust provisions. This assessment guides whether to recommend staggered distributions, discretionary trustee powers, or provisions for special circumstances. It also informs trustee selection and successor arrangements to ensure reliable management and continuity in trust administration.
In the drafting phase, we prepare the Retirement Plan Trust document with precise language to meet plan requirements and reflect the client’s distribution preferences. We coordinate terminology with beneficiary forms and incorporate provisions addressing trustee powers, distribution timing, and tax considerations. After drafting, we review the document with the client, explain trustee responsibilities, and make revisions to ensure clarity and alignment with the broader estate plan.
We assist in completing beneficiary designation forms that reference the trust in the exact legal form required by the retirement plan. This coordination helps prevent plan rejections or administrative confusion and aligns retirement accounts with other estate planning documents. We also communicate with plan administrators when necessary to confirm acceptance and proper processing of the trust designation.
Once trust terms are finalized, we arrange for proper execution and notarization and provide clients with copies and instructions for safekeeping. We also provide guidance to trustees about their roles and responsibilities, including tax reporting, distribution calculations, and communication with beneficiaries. Proper execution and clear trustee instructions help ensure the trust functions smoothly when called upon.
After the trust is in place, ongoing review and support help adapt to life changes and regulatory developments. We offer periodic checkups to update beneficiary designations, consider amendments when appropriate, and advise trustees during administration. This ongoing attention helps preserve the intended legacy, maintain tax efficiency, and address new circumstances that might affect the trust’s operation in the future.
We recommend periodic reviews of estate documents and beneficiary forms after major life events or changes in financial holdings. These reviews ensure that trusts remain aligned with your goals and that beneficiary designations continue to reflect your intentions. Regular updates reduce the risk of unintended outcomes and support ease of administration when a retirement plan becomes payable to the trust.
When trustees need guidance during administration, we provide practical assistance with required minimum distributions, tax matters, and beneficiary communications. We help trustees interpret trust provisions in light of plan rules, complete necessary tax filings, and make distributions consistent with the trust terms. This support ensures trustees can carry out duties effectively and preserve the grantor’s intended use of retirement assets.
A Retirement Plan Trust is a trust specifically drafted to be the beneficiary of retirement accounts like IRAs, 401(k)s, or other qualified plans. It receives retirement assets upon the account owner’s death and includes provisions that control distribution timing, trustee powers, and conditions for payments to beneficiaries. The trust enables the account owner to impose structured distributions, provide ongoing oversight of funds, and align retirement account transfers with broader estate planning objectives. For families with minors, beneficiaries with special needs, or complex relationships, a retirement trust can be a useful tool to manage how and when funds are distributed. Deciding whether you need a retirement trust depends on factors such as your family composition, asset size, and concerns about creditor exposure, beneficiary maturity, or public benefits eligibility. The trust must be carefully drafted to comply with plan rules and tax regulations to avoid unintended tax consequences. Coordinating beneficiary designation forms with the trust document is necessary to ensure the plan administrator accepts the trust as the beneficiary. A tailored trust can balance asset protection, distribution control, and tax considerations for your heirs.
Naming a trust as beneficiary can affect tax treatment and the availability of tax-deferral options for beneficiaries. Required minimum distributions (RMDs) must still be taken according to IRS rules and the retirement plan’s terms, and the trust’s structure can determine whether beneficiaries can ‘stretch’ distributions over time or whether distributions are accelerated. Careful drafting can preserve favorable tax-deferral treatment in some cases, while other trust provisions may cause distributions to be taxable sooner. It is important to understand how trust terms interact with current tax laws and plan documents to avoid surprises. Trust language must be precise to allow trustees to calculate and receive RMDs and to maintain tax-efficient distributions. Different trust types have different effects: certain trusts allow beneficiaries to continue receiving tax-deferred distributions based on their life expectancy, while others result in faster distribution and earlier tax liability. Coordination with plan administrators and tax advisors helps ensure that trust provisions are consistent with IRS rules and plan requirements, reducing the risk of unintended tax consequences for beneficiaries.
A conduit trust requires the trustee to pass retirement plan distributions directly to the named beneficiaries as the plan pays them. This structure generally preserves the beneficiaries’ ability to take advantage of life expectancy distribution rules, potentially extending tax deferral. The trustee acts primarily as a pass-through for required distributions, which can simplify the tax characterization of payouts but offers limited asset protection because funds pass directly to beneficiaries upon distribution. An accumulation trust allows the trustee to retain distributions within the trust, distributing funds at the trustee’s discretion according to trust terms. This provides greater protection for beneficiaries against creditors and imprudent spending, but it can complicate tax treatment and potentially accelerate taxable events depending on how distributions are handled. Choosing between these structures depends on priorities such as creditor protection, control over distributions, and tax considerations.
A trust can be accepted as a beneficiary by a retirement plan, but plan administrators often have specific requirements for trust language and for how the trust is named on the beneficiary designation form. If the trust name or language does not match plan requirements, administrators may reject the trust designation or require additional documentation, which can delay distribution. To prevent such problems, it is important to draft the trust with the plan’s acceptance criteria in mind and to complete beneficiary forms precisely as required by the plan. Before finalizing documents, it is useful to review plan beneficiary rules and, when necessary, communicate with plan administrators to confirm acceptance of the trust. Providing a copy of the trust or certification of trust may be required. Ensuring consistency between trust documents and beneficiary forms reduces administrative obstacles and helps beneficiaries receive funds in accordance with the trust owner’s intentions.
Yes, a properly drafted trust can provide a level of protection against certain creditor claims and the effects of divorce for beneficiaries. By keeping retirement distributions within a trust and making discretionary distributions to beneficiaries, the trust can limit direct ownership and reduce the ability of creditors or ex-spouses to reach inherited funds. The degree of protection depends on the trust structure and applicable California law, so careful drafting is necessary to achieve the desired protective effect without undermining tax treatment. Protection is not absolute, and there are circumstances where creditors or division of property in divorce may reach trust assets depending on beneficiary control and distribution provisions. Trustees should follow trust terms strictly and consider potential legal claims when making distributions. Consulting about protective provisions and understanding state-specific rules helps create a trust that offers meaningful safeguards while supporting beneficiary needs and tax considerations.
Selecting a trustee requires balancing trustworthiness, financial understanding, availability, and willingness to carry out administrative duties. Many people choose a trusted family member, friend, or a professional fiduciary who can manage distributions, tax filings, and communications with beneficiaries and plan administrators. The trustee should be someone who can handle complex decisions calmly and who understands the responsibilities of managing retirement distributions and maintaining records for tax and trust administration purposes. It is wise to name successor trustees in case the primary trustee is unable or unwilling to serve. If no suitable individual is available, a corporate trustee or trust administration service may be appropriate, though that option can involve greater cost. Clear instructions in the trust about trustee powers, compensation, and duties help trustees act effectively and reduce the chance of disputes among beneficiaries.
You can generally change beneficiary designations after creating a trust, but changes must be made according to the retirement plan’s procedures. If you decide to move funds to a trust or update beneficiaries, complete and submit the plan’s beneficiary designation forms carefully, ensuring the trust name and date match the trust document. It is important to coordinate any changes with your estate planning documents so that your will and trusts remain consistent and reflect your current wishes. Regular reviews are recommended whenever life events occur, such as marriage, divorce, births, or deaths. If you update a trust or create a new one, review beneficiary forms on all retirement accounts to ensure they point to the intended recipient. Failure to update beneficiary designations can result in unintended distributions that override your will or trust provisions.
A Retirement Plan Trust works alongside a revocable living trust and a will but operates differently due to retirement plan rules. Retirement account beneficiary designations generally control the distribution of those accounts, so ensuring that beneficiary forms align with the terms of your revocable trust or will is essential to achieve the overall estate plan objectives. Coordination prevents conflicts and ensures assets flow to intended beneficiaries in the manner you have planned. When accounts are payable to a trust, the retirement assets will pass into that trust and be administered according to its terms rather than under the probate process governed by a will. This coordination between documents minimizes surprises and supports a unified plan for asset distribution, tax planning, and beneficiary protections. Regular estate plan reviews ensure these documents remain consistent and effective.
Preparing trustees involves educating them on their duties, providing clear trust instructions, and ensuring they understand how required minimum distributions and tax reporting work. Trustees should receive copies of relevant account information, trust documents, beneficiary forms, and guidance on steps to take when an account owner dies. Clear communication in advance reduces administration delays and helps trustees act quickly and correctly when required to request distributions or communicate with plan administrators. It is also helpful to provide trustees with access to professional resources, such as tax advisors or trust administration services, when complex issues arise. Written procedures for typical tasks—like requesting account payouts, calculating RMDs, and documenting distributions—help trustees comply with trust terms and legal obligations. Effective preparation supports smooth administration and faithful implementation of the grantor’s wishes.
Regular reviews of your Retirement Plan Trust and beneficiary designations are recommended at least every few years and after significant life events such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, changes in financial holdings, or move to another state. These reviews ensure that trust terms, trustee selections, and beneficiary forms remain aligned with your goals and current law. Periodic updates help prevent unintended distributions and ensure the trust’s provisions continue to serve your beneficiaries’ best interests over time. Additionally, tax law and retirement plan rules can change, so occasional professional review helps keep the trust effective and tax-aware. Reviews also provide an opportunity to confirm that plan administrators have the correct beneficiary forms on file and to make any necessary amendments to trust language to address new circumstances. Proactive maintenance is the best way to preserve a retirement plan trust’s intended benefits.
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