An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) can be an effective estate planning tool for individuals who want to manage life insurance proceeds outside their taxable estate and provide structured benefits for loved ones. This page explains how an ILIT works, what it can accomplish for your family, and how it fits alongside documents such as wills, powers of attorney, and advance directives. Whether you own one or several policies, understanding the mechanics and potential outcomes helps you make informed decisions about funding, trustee selection, and beneficiary designations to align with your broader estate plan goals.
Choosing the right approach to life insurance within an estate plan involves careful decisions about control, tax exposure, and future distributions. An ILIT removes the insurance policy ownership from the grantor’s estate while allowing proceeds to be used for care, debt repayment, educational expenses, or legacy gifts. This page provides practical considerations specific to El Cerrito and Contra Costa County residents, including how an ILIT interacts with retirement plan trusts, pour-over wills, and special needs provisions. It also outlines common steps people take when establishing and funding these trusts so beneficiaries receive intended protections and benefits.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust can preserve policy proceeds for beneficiaries while reducing potential estate tax exposure and helping prevent unintended creditor claims. By placing a life insurance policy in a trust, ownership moves away from the grantor, which can help ensure that proceeds pass according to your instructions rather than through probate. This structure provides clarity on distribution timing and conditions, supports liquidity for estate obligations, and offers a vehicle to provide ongoing support for family members, charitable gifts, or educational funding. Careful drafting and timely funding are vital to achieve these benefits effectively.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients across Contra Costa County, including El Cerrito and surrounding communities, delivering comprehensive estate planning services tailored to individual family circumstances. Our firm prepares a wide range of documents such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, financial powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and various trusts designed to meet specific needs. We focus on clear communication, careful drafting, and thorough coordination of policies and estate documents to help clients preserve family wealth, protect beneficiaries, and reduce the administrative burdens that can arise after a death or incapacity.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a separate legal entity created to hold life insurance policies for the benefit of named beneficiaries. Unlike revocable trusts, the grantor generally cannot change ownership or control of the trust after funding, which makes timing and initial decisions important. The trust owns the policy, pays any premiums from trust assets or gifts to the trust, and distributes proceeds under terms you establish. Proper trustee selection, beneficiary designations, and funding mechanisms are essential components to make the ILIT function as intended, whether to provide immediate liquidity or long-term support for family members.
An ILIT interacts with other elements of a comprehensive estate plan, including pour-over wills, retirement plan trusts, and documents addressing incapacity such as powers of attorney and health care directives. Funding can occur through gifts to the trust to cover premiums, transfers of existing policies into the trust, or by purchasing policies directly by the trust. It is important to follow legal requirements and timing rules to ensure the policy proceeds are excluded from the taxable estate when that is the objective. Ongoing administration by a trustee provides oversight and distributes proceeds according to your wishes.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a trust arrangement created to own and control life insurance policies, separating the death benefits from an individual’s taxable estate. The trust is irrevocable, meaning the grantor gives up ownership and control of the transferred policy, which can produce tax and creditor planning advantages when executed properly. The trustee holds and manages the policy, arranges premium payments, and distributes proceeds to beneficiaries under the trust’s terms. The trust’s language dictates how and when distributions are made, enabling tailored support for heirs and alignment with other estate planning documents.
Establishing an ILIT requires thoughtful coordination of several elements: drafting clear trust terms, choosing a trustworthy trustee, executing ownership transfers or new policy purchases, and funding premium payments through gifts or trust assets. The trust document should specify beneficiaries, distribution rules, and administrative powers for the trustee. Meeting timing requirements for transfers is important to achieve intended tax and estate outcomes. After creation, the trustee must track premiums, file any necessary tax forms, and manage distributions as instructed, while the grantor and trustee should maintain records and communicate clearly with beneficiaries about the purpose and terms of the trust.
Understanding common terms helps you navigate ILIT planning and administration. This glossary clarifies ownership, funding, beneficiary designations, trustee duties, and how trusts fit into the broader estate plan. Clear definitions reduce confusion when coordinating life insurance with wills, living trusts, powers of attorney, and other planning documents. Below are essential terms and plain-language explanations to help you communicate with counsel, trustees, and family members when deciding whether an ILIT is appropriate for your estate planning objectives in El Cerrito and throughout California.
The grantor is the person who creates the trust and transfers ownership of the life insurance policy into the trust. By placing a policy in an ILIT, the grantor relinquishes ownership and control of that policy, which affects how proceeds are treated for estate purposes. The grantor’s initial decisions—including trust terms, funding arrangements, and choice of trustee—shape how the trust operates and how beneficiaries will receive proceeds. The grantor’s intent should be clearly documented to ensure the trust achieves the desired outcomes and coordinates with other estate planning instruments.
The trustee is the individual or entity responsible for managing the trust according to its terms. Duties can include holding the policy, ensuring premiums are paid, filing required tax forms, and making distributions to beneficiaries as directed. A trustee must act in the best interests of the beneficiaries and follow the trust’s instructions regarding timing and conditions for distributions. Choosing a trustee who is organized, trustworthy, and comfortable managing insurance and financial matters is important, as the trustee will carry out administrative responsibilities after the grantor’s incapacity or death.
A beneficiary is a person or entity named to receive trust assets, including life insurance proceeds, under the terms of the ILIT. Beneficiaries can include spouses, children, grandchildren, charities, or other named individuals and organizations. The trust document specifies how proceeds will be distributed—outright, in staged payments, or held for specific purposes such as education or support. Clear beneficiary designations and trust provisions help prevent disputes and ensure that proceeds are used as the grantor intended.
Funding an ILIT often involves making gifts to the trust so the trustee can pay policy premiums. These gifts may be annual exclusion gifts or larger contributions, and they should be documented clearly. Depending on the circumstances, premiums can also be funded by transferring an existing policy into the trust or by having the trust purchase a new policy. Proper documentation and compliance with gifting rules help ensure the trust functions as intended and that policy proceeds are treated according to the grantor’s objectives.
When deciding whether to use an ILIT, consider alternatives such as keeping the policy in a revocable trust, naming beneficiaries directly on the policy, or relying on estate liquidity from other sources. Each approach has trade-offs related to control, tax exposure, creditor access, and administrative complexity. An ILIT provides separation of policy proceeds from the grantor’s estate and allows for tailored distribution rules, while other structures may preserve more flexibility but offer fewer tax planning advantages. Evaluating these options in the context of your estate size, family needs, and financial goals helps determine the best path.
A limited approach to life insurance ownership may be suitable if your estate is modest in size and liquidity needs at death can be met through available assets or beneficiary designations. In those situations, keeping the policy in your name and naming beneficiaries directly may provide simplicity, maintain flexibility, and avoid the administrative steps required to set up and fund a trust. Families with straightforward distribution intentions and little concern about estate tax exposure often choose this path, especially when the costs and commitments of trust administration outweigh potential benefits.
If you value the ability to change your mind about beneficiaries, policy ownership, or coverage terms, a simpler arrangement may be preferable. Keeping ownership and beneficiary control allows adjustments without the constraints of an irrevocable structure. For those who anticipate changing family dynamics, shifting financial obligations, or evolving philanthropic aims, preserving flexibility can be more important than the tax or creditor protections an ILIT provides. A careful review of goals and future expectations will clarify whether a flexible arrangement better serves your needs.
When multiple life insurance policies, retirement assets, or complex family situations exist, a coordinated trust strategy can help simplify administration and ensure consistent distribution rules. A properly structured ILIT complements other estate planning instruments and avoids conflicts between beneficiary designations and trust provisions. For households with blended families, children from prior relationships, or significant business interests, a comprehensive plan can align insurance proceeds with the broader financial and legacy objectives. Clear documentation and consistent coordination reduce the risk of unintended outcomes at a critical time.
A comprehensive approach addresses potential estate tax exposure, creditor concerns, and the need for managed long-term support to heirs. An ILIT can remove policy proceeds from the grantor’s estate and provide structured distributions that protect beneficiaries from mismanagement or creditor claims. For families with significant assets, professional obligations, or beneficiaries with special needs, aligning life insurance with tailored trust provisions offers predictability and continuity. Thoughtful coordination helps ensure the trust serves both immediate liquidity needs and long-term family protection goals.
A well-structured ILIT can deliver several advantages: potential estate tax mitigation, clear instructions for the disposition of insurance proceeds, and the ability to provide liquidity for estate settlement costs or family needs. Because the trust holds the policy, proceeds can be distributed according to precise terms, supporting financial stability for beneficiaries while minimizing probate involvement. This arrangement often complements a revocable living trust and related documents, creating a cohesive estate plan that addresses incapacity, end-of-life decisions, and the orderly transfer of assets to the next generation.
Beyond tax planning, an ILIT can help protect proceeds from certain creditor claims and create mechanisms for continued support, such as staged distributions or funds reserved for education and health care. The trust can name contingent beneficiaries, allow for successor trustees, and incorporate procedures for managing unforeseen circumstances. These features provide families with a predictable process and administrative clarity during an emotional transition, while enabling the grantor to tailor the trust to reflect personal values and long-term objectives for asset stewardship and charitable giving.
One primary benefit of placing a life insurance policy in a trust is the potential to remove policy proceeds from the taxable estate, which can preserve more assets for heirs. In addition, life insurance proceeds held in a trust provide immediate liquidity to cover estate settlement costs, taxes, and debts. That liquidity reduces the need to sell other assets on unfavorable terms and helps ensure the continuity of family businesses or real estate holdings. Effective implementation ensures the trust is properly funded and administered to achieve these intended results.
An ILIT enables the grantor to set specific conditions and timing for distributions, which can protect beneficiaries and ensure proceeds support priorities like education, healthcare, or long-term care. This control can prevent unintended spending or distribution to creditors and can provide a structured financial framework for younger beneficiaries or those with special needs. The trust document can direct phased payments, require approvals for major disbursements, or designate funds for particular uses, allowing the grantor to balance immediate needs with long-term family security.
Ensure that beneficiary designations on insurance policies are consistent with your trust terms and broader estate plan. Mismatched designations can produce unintended results, such as proceeds bypassing the trust and passing outside the intended distribution plan. Review policy ownership, beneficiary forms, and trust language together to confirm alignment. Keep copies of all relevant documents and notify trustees and primary beneficiaries about the existence of the trust so they understand how and where proceeds will be directed when the time comes.
Selecting a trustee who can manage insurance matters, interact with insurers, and administer distributions is essential. Consider choosing a successor trustee in case the initial trustee becomes unavailable. The trustee should be prepared to handle premium payments, maintain records, and carry out the trust’s distribution instructions. Discuss expectations in advance with anyone you intend to serve as trustee so they understand the responsibility and have time to plan for continuity of administration across potential transitions.
People consider an ILIT for various reasons, including reducing estate tax exposure, protecting insurance proceeds from certain creditors, providing liquidity for estate settlement costs, and ensuring controlled distributions for beneficiaries. An ILIT is often part of a broader estate strategy that also includes revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. Individuals with business interests, significant assets, or complex family dynamics frequently find that this arrangement provides predictability and structure for how life insurance proceeds are used after death.
Another reason to consider an ILIT is to provide dedicated funds for ongoing family needs, charitable goals, or educational expenses while maintaining control over distribution timing. For those with beneficiaries who may need oversight, the trust can specify staged payments or protections against outside claims. The trust’s terms can also support long-term wealth stewardship, outline contingencies for successor trustees, and preserve family intentions by clearly directing how proceeds should be managed for future generations.
Common circumstances that prompt consideration of an ILIT include high net worth estates facing potential estate tax exposure, ownership of multiple life insurance policies, family businesses requiring liquidity, blended family dynamics requiring tailored distributions, and the desire to provide long-term financial security without exposing proceeds to probate. Individuals who wish to separate life insurance proceeds from their taxable estate or to place conditions on beneficiary access often find an ILIT suitable. Evaluating personal goals and financial structures helps determine whether this option aligns with your planning needs.
When an individual’s estate exceeds applicable estate tax thresholds, transferring ownership of life insurance into an ILIT can be part of a strategy to reduce taxable estate values and preserve assets for heirs. The trust can hold policies so proceeds are not included in the grantor’s estate when properly executed and funded. Careful timing and compliance with legal rules are necessary to achieve intended tax benefits. Coordination with other planning tools ensures liquidity to pay any estate taxes that remain and prevents forced asset sales.
An ILIT is helpful when the grantor wants to provide structured support to beneficiaries who may need protection from creditors or who might not be prepared to manage a lump-sum inheritance. The trust can set conditions, stagger distributions, or reserve funds for specific purposes like education or housing. This structure helps maintain family stability and provides a degree of oversight to ensure proceeds are used in line with the grantor’s intentions, while still delivering financial support to loved ones at critical times.
Business owners often use life insurance held in a trust to provide cash for business continuity, buy-sell agreements, or to fund estate taxes without forcing the sale of company interests. An ILIT can deliver liquidity upon death so that surviving owners or family members have the funds needed to settle obligations or effect ownership transitions. Integrating the ILIT into the overall business succession and estate plan allows for orderly transfers while preserving value and honoring the grantor’s objectives for the company and family.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients in El Cerrito and throughout Contra Costa County, offering personalized estate planning assistance for individuals considering an ILIT or other trust structures. We assist with drafting trust documents, coordinating policy transfers or purchases, selecting trustees, and integrating life insurance planning with wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, careful documentation, and practical administration to help ensure your plan works smoothly for you and your family when it matters most.
Working with an attorney to establish an ILIT helps ensure that the trust document is drafted to meet your goals and comply with applicable laws. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we combine practical drafting with attention to funding mechanics, trustee duties, and coordination with other estate planning documents. Our team assists clients in El Cerrito and across California with the details of transferring policy ownership, documenting premium gifts, and establishing provisions that protect beneficiaries and preserve intended benefits.
We place a high emphasis on collaborative planning and clear instructions to help trustees administer the trust appropriately when the time comes. This includes preparing pour-over wills, financial powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and other complementary documents to ensure a coherent plan. Our services aim to reduce administrative burdens, minimize surprises, and help families move forward confidently knowing there is a structured plan for life insurance proceeds and other estate assets.
Clients receive practical guidance on funding strategies, trustee selection, and record-keeping so the ILIT can operate effectively over time. We also advise on interactions with retirement plan trusts, special needs trusts, and guardianship nominations to build a comprehensive plan that responds to family needs. Our goal is to provide accessible, reliable assistance that supports clients in achieving clarity, continuity, and intentionality in their estate planning choices.
Our process begins with a comprehensive review of your goals, existing policies, family circumstances, and related estate planning documents. We assess whether an ILIT meets your objectives and outline steps for drafting, funding, and coordinating with trustees and insurers. After the trust is drafted and signed, we assist with transferring policies or arranging for trust-owned policy purchases and documenting gifts for premium payments. Ongoing support includes trustee guidance, updates for life changes, and periodic plan reviews to ensure your ILIT continues to serve its intended purpose.
The initial step is a focused consultation to understand your estate planning goals, insurance holdings, family dynamics, and any business or taxation concerns. We review existing documents such as wills, revocable living trusts, insurance policies, and powers of attorney to identify how an ILIT would integrate with your broader plan. This review clarifies whether an ILIT is appropriate and outlines the potential benefits and administrative commitments involved, enabling you to make an informed decision before drafting begins.
We examine current policies, beneficiary designations, and any existing trust documents to determine how to proceed with transfers or new policy purchases. This assessment identifies potential timing issues, gifting considerations, and coordination needs with other documents like pour-over wills or retirement plan trusts. Proper documentation and clear transfer steps reduce the risk of proceeds passing outside the intended trust structure and help ensure that the ILIT can accomplish its intended estate planning goals.
During initial planning, we discuss your desired outcome for distributions, timing, and any protective provisions for beneficiaries. Selecting a trustee and naming successors is a critical decision that we address early, ensuring the chosen person or entity understands responsibilities such as premium payments and administration. This stage sets the foundation for drafting trust terms that reflect your priorities and for making practical arrangements to fund the trust and coordinate with insurers.
Once the plan and trustee are chosen, we draft the ILIT document tailored to your goals and compliant with California law. The document specifies ownership, distribution rules, trustee powers, and administrative procedures. After review and revisions, the trust is executed following legal formalities. We then assist with practical steps such as transferring existing policies to the trust or arranging for the trust to acquire new coverage, and documenting gifts to ensure premium funding is handled correctly.
Drafting the ILIT requires attention to precise language that specifies beneficiary classes, distribution conditions, and trustee authority. The trust should reflect whether proceeds will be distributed outright, in installments, or held for specific uses like education or care. Clear administrative provisions protect trustees and guide their actions. We prepare the document with an eye toward clarity and long-term practicality so it can be administered smoothly when the need arises.
After executing the trust, we coordinate the transfer of ownership for existing policies or arrange for the trust to purchase new policies. Ownership changes must be documented with the insurer, and beneficiary designations should align with the trust terms. We provide guidance on properly documenting gifts to the trust for premium payments and on maintaining records that support the trust’s administration and tax considerations. These steps help secure the intended estate planning treatment of policy proceeds.
After formation and funding, the trustee is responsible for administering the trust in accordance with its terms. Our firm supports trustees with guidance on premium payments, record-keeping, and distributions, and we recommend periodic reviews to confirm the trust still aligns with your circumstances. Life changes such as births, deaths, marriages, or business sales may require plan adjustments in related documents. We provide follow-up services to keep the ILIT coordinated with your entire estate plan over time.
We assist trustees in maintaining accurate records of premium payments, gifts, policy documents, and communications with insurers. Proper record-keeping supports transparent administration and demonstrates compliance with the trust’s terms. Trustees may need help understanding their responsibilities, processing distributions, and coordinating with financial institutions or tax advisors. Our guidance helps trustees fulfill duties efficiently and ensures beneficiaries receive intended benefits according to the trust’s instructions.
Regular reviews of the ILIT and related estate planning documents are recommended to address life changes or shifts in tax law. Reassessment may be necessary after significant events such as changes in family composition, major asset acquisitions or dispositions, or updates in estate tax rules. We work with clients to update complementary documents like pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives so the entire estate plan remains consistent and effective for current needs and future goals.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a trust created to own and manage life insurance policies for the benefit of named beneficiaries. The trust becomes the policy owner, and proceeds are held and distributed according to the trust’s terms when the insured person dies. Because the grantor gives up ownership and control of the policy, the policy proceeds can, when done correctly, be kept outside of the grantor’s taxable estate and distributed according to the grantor’s instructions through the trustee. The trustee administers premium payments, interacts with the insurer, and follows distribution directions in the trust document. Proper coordination of beneficiary designations and timely funding is important to ensure the trust achieves the expected benefits. The trust document should clearly state distribution rules and administrative procedures to avoid confusion and ensure the trustee can act effectively upon the grantor’s death.
When structured and funded correctly, an ILIT may remove life insurance proceeds from the grantor’s taxable estate, which can preserve more assets for beneficiaries. This outcome depends on transferring the policy and meeting timing rules under applicable tax law, so careful execution and documentation are essential. In some cases, a short time between transfer and death can affect whether proceeds are included in the estate, making timing a critical consideration. California does not impose a separate state estate tax, but federal estate tax considerations may apply for larger estates. Working with counsel to document transfers and gifts, and coordinating with advisors on overall estate valuation, helps clarify the potential tax effects. An ILIT is one planning tool among many and should be evaluated alongside other strategies to address tax exposure and liquidity needs.
A trustee should be someone capable of managing administrative duties, making timely premium payments, and following the trust’s distribution instructions. This can be a trusted family member, a professional individual, or a corporate trustee, depending on the complexity of the trust and the preferences of the grantor. The trustee should be organized, willing to handle communications with insurers, and comfortable carrying out record-keeping responsibilities. It is also important to name successor trustees to ensure continuity if the chosen trustee is unable or unwilling to serve. Discuss the role in advance with the person or entity you select so they understand the responsibilities involved. Clear trustee powers and guidance in the trust document make administration more efficient and reduce the likelihood of disputes among beneficiaries.
Premiums for a policy held by an ILIT are typically paid by gifts to the trust, which the trustee then applies to premium payments. These gifts can be structured to take advantage of annual gift tax exclusions and should be documented carefully. In some situations a grantor makes gifts directly to beneficiaries who then forward payments, but documenting gifts and keeping clear records is advisable to avoid misunderstandings and to support the intended estate tax treatment. Another option is transferring an existing policy with value into the trust, and in some circumstances the trust itself may hold assets used to pay premiums. Regardless of the method chosen, maintaining accurate records and coordinating with insurers is essential so the trustee can make payments without interruption and preserve the intended protections provided by the trust structure.
Yes, existing life insurance policies can often be transferred into an ILIT, but the timing and process matter. A change of ownership must be documented with the insurer and may require the grantor to complete forms to transfer the policy to the trust. If the policy has a cash value, there can be additional considerations concerning gifting, potential tax consequences, and how the transfer affects the policy’s future performance or loan status. It is also important to be aware of timing rules that can affect whether proceeds are included in the grantor’s estate. Transfers made shortly before death may not achieve the desired estate tax treatment, so planning ahead and coordinating transfers with counsel and the insurer helps ensure the transfer accomplishes the intended goals without unintended consequences.
Creating an ILIT involves giving up control of the policy, which means the grantor cannot change ownership or direct policy management once the trust is irrevocable. This reduced flexibility is a trade-off for the potential tax and protective benefits. Additionally, missteps in funding, documentation, or timing can undermine the trust’s intended results, so careful planning and ongoing administration are necessary to avoid problems. There are also administrative responsibilities for trustees, such as record-keeping and premium payments, which require attention and sometimes ongoing costs. Beneficiaries or trustees may also need to coordinate with financial advisors and insurers. Considering these factors and planning for trustee succession and funding strategies helps mitigate potential downsides.
An ILIT can work alongside a pour-over will and a revocable living trust to create a comprehensive estate plan. The pour-over will addresses assets intended to pass into the revocable trust at death, while the ILIT specifically holds and administers life insurance proceeds outside the revocable trust. Coordination ensures that beneficiary designations, trustee directions, and will provisions work together without unintended conflicts that could cause assets to pass outside the planned structure. During estate plan reviews we verify that documents are consistent and that beneficiary designations on insurance and retirement accounts reflect the intended dispositions. Aligning these documents reduces the risk of probate surprises and helps ensure that life insurance proceeds are distributed according to your overall estate planning goals and family needs.
An ILIT can offer protection from certain creditor claims by placing proceeds into a trust with controlled distribution terms, but the level of protection depends on the trust’s structure and applicable law. Properly drafted trust provisions and timely transfers can help insulate proceeds from some creditor risks, providing beneficiaries with more stable access to funds when needed. However, absolute protection is not guaranteed, and outcomes can vary based on individual circumstances and legal challenges. It is important to coordinate with legal counsel to draft the trust in a way that aligns with asset protection goals while complying with legal and tax requirements. Trustees should also understand how trust distributions interact with beneficiary legal obligations, and both grantors and trustees should keep thorough records to support the trust’s administration and intended protections.
Establishing and funding an ILIT can often be completed within a few weeks to a few months, depending on factors such as the complexity of drafting, insurer processing times, and whether existing policies are being transferred or new policies purchased. Simple cases with new policies and straightforward funding may proceed more quickly, while transfers of multiple policies, coordination with other estate documents, or addressing gifting strategies can extend the timeline. Timely planning is important because transfers made shortly before death may not achieve the intended estate treatment. Early coordination with counsel and the insurer, and attention to documentation of gifts and premium payments, helps ensure the trust is established and funded properly so it functions as intended at the time it is needed.
An effective estate plan with an ILIT typically includes complementary documents such as a revocable living trust or pour-over will, a last will and testament, financial powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and documentation for guardianship nominations if appropriate. These documents work together to address incapacity, probate avoidance, asset distribution, and decision-making for health and financial matters. Including retirement plan trusts, special needs trusts, or pet trusts may be appropriate depending on family needs and the types of assets involved. Ensuring that beneficiary designations on insurance policies and retirement accounts align with the trust and other documents is essential. Clear coordination reduces the risk of unintended outcomes and helps create a cohesive plan that supports both immediate needs and long-term goals for family members and other beneficiaries.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas