Planning for a beloved pet’s future in Bertsch-Oceanview means creating legal arrangements that protect their care and wellbeing if you cannot. A pet trust provides a clear plan for who will care for your animal, how funds should be used, and what your ongoing expectations are. Our firm helps local clients understand the components of pet trusts, from appointing a caregiver and trustee to naming backup caretakers, setting a budget for ongoing expenses, and documenting routines and veterinary needs. Establishing a pet trust brings peace of mind and practical direction for those who value the long-term welfare of their animals.
A well-drafted pet trust aligns your wishes with enforceable provisions that survive changes in circumstance. This legal tool can allocate funds, outline daily care instructions, and specify how medical decisions should be handled, ensuring continuity of care. Beyond the legal instruments, we help clients consider personality, socialization needs, and special diet or medication requirements so the transition to a new caregiver goes smoothly. Pet trusts are flexible and can be tailored to suit companion animals of any age or health status, offering a reliable safety net for pets and clarity for caregivers called upon to step in.
Creating a pet trust protects your companion’s future and reduces uncertainty for the people who will care for them. With clear instructions and funding set aside, caregivers receive guidance and resources to maintain your pet’s usual routine and quality of life. A trust can prevent disputes among family members, designate successors, and provide a legally enforceable mechanism to ensure funds are used only for the animal’s care. This arrangement also allows you to document medical preferences, grooming schedules, and behavioral notes, which help preserve the pet’s comfort and well-being after you are no longer able to provide direct care.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman represents individuals across California in planning for their families and pets. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, practical planning, and documents that reflect personal values and daily realities. We work with clients to gather pertinent information about each animal’s needs and to draft arrangements that are legally sound and simple to administer. By combining estate planning tools such as revocable living trusts and pour-over wills with a pet trust, clients achieve a coordinated plan that addresses both human and animal beneficiaries in a unified manner.
A pet trust is a legal structure that designates funds and instructions specifically for an animal’s care. It typically names a trustee to manage money set aside for the pet and a caregiver to provide daily care and companionship. The trust document can include guidance on veterinary care, diet, exercise, boarding preferences, and end-of-life decisions. Pet trusts can be funded through direct transfers of money or assets, or through provisions in a larger estate plan that allocate resources upon the owner’s passing. This ensures the animal will have a financial and practical plan in place when needed.
Pet trusts can be created for animals of all kinds and customized to meet specific needs. A trust may specify how and when funds are disbursed, require periodic accounting by the trustee, and name successor trustees or caregivers. In some cases, a caretaker receives reimbursements for veterinary care and ongoing expenses instead of direct payments, which helps maintain transparency and proper use of funds. Properly drafted, a pet trust reduces the burden on loved ones and preserves the animal’s standard of care according to the owner’s directions and preferences.
At its core, a pet trust is a set of legally enforceable instructions paired with funds to provide for an animal’s care. The trust names individuals to act as caregiver and trustee, outlines how money should be used, and details the pet’s daily routines and medical needs. It can include backup plans if the primary caregiver cannot serve, and it can specify the distribution of remaining funds after the pet passes. This structured approach prevents ambiguity and ensures that your intentions for your pet’s care are followed and supported financially when you are not able to provide for them yourself.
Forming a pet trust involves choosing roles, setting a budget, drafting clear instructions, and funding the arrangement. You will select a caregiver who understands the pet’s needs and a trustee who can manage funds responsibly. The trust document should cover routine care, emergency procedures, veterinary preferences, and any behavioral or dietary requirements. Funding options include direct transfers, naming the trust as a beneficiary, or providing a cash allocation in a will. Once the trust is executed, regular communication among owner, trustee, and caregiver eases administration and ensures that care aligns with expectations.
Understanding the vocabulary used in pet trust planning helps owners make informed choices. Terms such as trustee, caregiver, funding, successor, and trustee accounting are common and carry specific roles and obligations within the trust. Clear definitions reduce misunderstandings and allow you to select the right people for each role. A glossary also explains how the trust integrates with other estate planning documents like a pour-over will or revocable living trust, so you can see how the plan functions as a cohesive whole to protect both human and animal beneficiaries.
A trustee is the person or entity responsible for managing the funds allocated to the pet trust. The trustee’s duties include ensuring money is available when needed, disbursing funds to the caregiver for approved expenses, maintaining records, and following the owner’s instructions as laid out in the trust document. Trustees have a fiduciary duty to use the funds solely for the pet’s benefit and to provide accounting as required. Trustees may be family members, trusted friends, or a professional fiduciary willing to manage the financial aspects of the pet’s ongoing care.
The caregiver is the individual who provides daily care, companionship, and decision-making for the pet. This person is responsible for following the preferences established by the owner, attending to medical appointments, and communicating with the trustee about expenses. Caregivers are often chosen for their relationship with the animal and their willingness to accept the responsibilities involved. The trust can name backup caregivers and describe the conditions under which a caregiver may be replaced to ensure continuity of care if circumstances change.
Funding refers to the assets or money set aside to cover the pet’s care during its lifetime. Funding options can include direct transfers to the trust, designating the trust as a beneficiary of life insurance or retirement accounts, or allocating assets through a will that pour into the trust at the owner’s passing. The amount of funding should take into account typical veterinary care, food, grooming, boarding, and any special needs. Proper funding provides financial stability and prevents disputes about the use of resources for the animal’s care.
A successor trustee is named to take over management of the trust if the original trustee is unable or unwilling to serve. Naming one or more successors ensures continuous administration of funds and helps avoid delays in care. Successor trustees should understand the owner’s intentions and be capable of handling financial record-keeping and distributions. Including successors in the trust reduces the risk of interruption to the pet’s care and provides a clear sequence of authority that helps caregivers and family members follow the established plan.
When considering a plan for your pet, you can choose among multiple legal approaches, such as a standalone pet trust, provisions within a revocable trust, or informal arrangements with family or friends. A formal pet trust provides enforceable instructions and dedicated funding, while informal plans rely on goodwill and may lack financial safeguards. Including pet care provisions in a broader estate plan can streamline administration, but a distinct pet trust clarifies responsibilities and reduces ambiguity. Evaluating these options helps owners determine the best fit based on asset structure, family dynamics, and the animal’s needs.
A limited approach may suit owners whose pets have minimal medical needs and whose family network is prepared to assume care without dedicated funding. For animals with predictable expenses and strong backup caregivers in place, a letter of instruction combined with durable powers of attorney or a basic will provision may provide sufficient direction. This route can work when the owner trusts the appointed caregiver and when the financial burden of care is modest. However, owners should still consider including some resources or contingency planning to reduce potential disputes and ensure continuity.
If a close friend or relative has already agreed to assume long-term care and the owner has strong personal confidence in that person’s willingness and ability, a less formal plan might suffice. Documenting expectations through a written agreement and updating contact and medical information can make transitions smoother. Still, it is wise to pair informal caregiver commitments with at least some financial provision or transfer mechanism to avoid future misunderstandings. Creating clear written guidance supports the caregiver and helps protect the animal’s ongoing welfare even without a formal trust.
Pets with significant medical requirements, ongoing medication regimens, or behavioral needs benefit from a comprehensive trust that ensures funds and instructions are specifically allocated for those purposes. A detailed document can provide the caregiver with clear authority to make medical decisions, arrange specialized treatments, and access funding without delay. This kind of structure minimizes stress and administrative hurdles for caregivers faced with urgent health situations, and it protects the pet’s access to the care they need in a predictable, documented manner.
When several family members could potentially claim responsibility, or when relationships are uncertain, a formal trust reduces ambiguity and sets enforceable rules. Clear naming of caregivers, trustees, successors, and financial allocations helps prevent disagreements and ensures the owner’s wishes are followed. Comprehensive planning also allows for contingencies when the primary caregiver cannot continue, providing step-by-step guidance that reduces conflict and preserves the pet’s stability. This approach is particularly helpful where the animal’s welfare might otherwise be subject to competing claims.
A comprehensive pet trust gives owners control and clarity regarding daily care, medical decisions, and the use of funds. It reduces the burden on caregivers by providing resources and instructions, which helps align expectations and maintain the pet’s established routine. Because the trust is legally enforceable, caregivers have a framework to follow and an avenue for compensation of approved expenses. This arrangement supports the pet’s welfare while reducing stress for family members who must navigate care transitions during difficult times.
Additionally, a comprehensive approach integrates pet care into an overall estate plan so that assets and beneficiary designations work together. This coordination prevents unintended conflicts between human beneficiaries and the financial needs of the pet. With properly chosen trustees and caregivers, an owner can specify monitoring, reporting, and remainder distributions, ensuring funds are used appropriately and any leftover assets are handled according to the owner’s wishes. This level of detail provides assurance that the pet’s future is thoughtfully arranged and financially supported.
A comprehensive trust secures funds dedicated to the animal’s care and prevents those resources from being redirected elsewhere. By establishing financial support and clear oversight, the trust helps ensure ongoing veterinary attention, consistent diet, and appropriate boarding or grooming as needed. This financial stability allows caregivers to make decisions that favor the animal’s welfare without personal financial strain. Structured reporting requirements can also give the owner assurance that money is spent as intended and that the caregiver upholds the specified standard of care.
By naming roles and documenting expectations, a pet trust reduces uncertainty and the potential for disagreement among loved ones. Caregivers and trustees receive a written roadmap that outlines duties, acceptable expenses, and the sequence of succession, which minimizes disputes when transitions occur. Clear responsibilities protect relationships by setting objective guidance that everyone can follow, and they provide a legal basis for enforcement if necessary. Owners who value harmony and predictability often find that a comprehensive trust preserves both the pet’s care and family relationships.
Select a caregiver who knows the animal’s habits, medical needs, and temperament, and who is willing to accept the responsibilities over the long term. Meet with the person beforehand to confirm expectations and discuss routines, preferred veterinarians, and daily care. Recording this information in the trust reduces stress during transitions and helps the caregiver provide consistent care. Also consider naming backup caregivers and discussing compensation and reimbursement procedures in advance to prevent misunderstandings if responsibilities change.
Include specifics about diet, exercise, socialization, medication schedules, and preferred veterinarians in the trust or an attached memorandum. This level of detail helps caregivers maintain daily routines and make informed decisions during medical emergencies. Consider including guidelines for end-of-life care and disposition, so the caregiver and trustee understand your wishes. Keeping this information up-to-date and sharing it with the chosen caregiver improves continuity and helps preserve the pet’s comfort and quality of life through any transition.
Residents who cherish their animals can ensure long-term care by establishing a formal plan that addresses both funding and day-to-day instructions. Pet trusts provide a legal mechanism to designate funds for veterinary attention, food, and lodging, as well as naming trusted people to assume care duties. For those with limited local family or who travel frequently, a trust removes uncertainty about who will step in and how the transition should occur. It also helps avoid emotional disputes by documenting a clear plan and providing a route for enforcement if needed.
Pet trusts are particularly valuable for those with unique or high-maintenance pets, multiple animals, or complex household dynamics. They allow an owner to leave precise instructions that reflect the animal’s routines and behavioral needs, and to set aside appropriate resources to carry out those wishes. Integrating a pet trust with a broader estate plan ensures that human and animal interests are balanced and that the owner’s overall intentions are honored. In many cases this planning reduces stress for loved ones and preserves the pet’s standard of living.
People pursue pet trusts when they want to guarantee ongoing care after incapacity or death, when pets require consistent medical attention, or when there is no obvious family member to assume long-term responsibility. Trusts also make sense for owners with multiple animals who want to ensure simultaneous care arrangements, or when owners are concerned about potential disputes among heirs. They are helpful for individuals who travel often or live away from family, and for those who want to leave detailed instructions that preserve an animal’s routine and comfort.
If an owner becomes temporarily or permanently unable to provide care, a pet trust and accompanying legal documents ensure a smooth handoff to appointed caregivers. The trust can specify immediate action steps, identify who should be contacted, and authorize payments for necessary services. Durable powers of attorney and health care directives for humans should be coordinated with pet provisions so that both personal and animal welfare are addressed concurrently. Planning for incapacity reduces emergency decisions and helps preserve the pet’s established routine and medical care.
When an owner does not have family nearby or lacks a clear long-term caregiver, a pet trust creates a formal structure to find and fund care. The trust lets the owner designate a trusted friend or professional caregiver, set aside money for ongoing expenses, and name successors if the primary caregiver can no longer serve. This approach reduces the chance that an animal will be placed in a shelter and helps ensure continuity of care through a legally enforceable plan that guides whoever steps in for the pet’s welfare.
Owners of animals with chronic conditions, specialized diets, or expensive medical needs benefit from dedicated funding and clear directives. A pet trust can allocate money for treatments, medications, and specialized services while providing guidelines for when certain procedures should be pursued. This ensures caregivers are empowered to make timely decisions without worrying about immediate out-of-pocket costs. The trust also reduces the emotional stress on loved ones by documenting the owner’s wishes and providing a financial plan for ongoing, predictable care.
We help Bertsch-Oceanview residents design pet trusts that reflect the unique needs of their animals and the owner’s intentions. From selecting caregivers and trustees to funding strategies and coordinating documents like pour-over wills and health care directives, we offer practical guidance to create a clear, enforceable plan. Our focus is on drafting durable, easy-to-administer documents that reduce stress for those who will take over care. We also assist with transferring assets and preparing supporting memos that outline daily routines and medical histories for the caregiver.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provide thoughtful, local representation for California families who want to protect their pets. We take a practical approach to planning, helping clients tailor trust provisions to an animal’s needs and the family’s circumstances. Our work includes drafting trust language, coordinating funding, advising on caregiver selection, and ensuring the plan aligns with the owner’s overall estate objectives. Clients benefit from clear communication, careful drafting, and documents designed to be straightforward to administer when the time comes.
We also assist with related estate planning documents that complement a pet trust, such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and advance health care directives. Integrating pet planning with human-focused documents reduces the potential for conflict and creates a cohesive plan that addresses all beneficiaries’ needs. Our process emphasizes gathering accurate information about the pet and household routines so the resulting plan is realistic, enforceable, and aligned with the client’s priorities for long-term animal care.
Clients receive practical guidance on funding, trustee responsibilities, and caregiver reimbursements to avoid administrative obstacles later. We help prepare memos or appendices that document medical histories, dietary preferences, and behavioral notes, which caregivers find invaluable during transitions. By providing detailed, well-organized documents, we aim to protect both the pet’s welfare and the client’s wishes while easing the administrative burden on those who take over care responsibilities.
Our process begins with an in-depth conversation to understand the pet’s needs, the owner’s goals, and the family situation. We gather information on medical records, daily routines, and financial resources to determine an appropriate funding strategy. Next we recommend and draft documents that name caregivers, trustees, and successors, and that specify reporting and accounting requirements. We review the plan with the client, make adjustments as needed, and assist with funding the trust through wills, asset transfers, or beneficiary designations to ensure the plan functions smoothly when needed.
The initial stage focuses on collecting detailed information about the pet’s needs, the owner’s assets, and potential caregivers. We discuss health history, behavioral considerations, daily routines, preferred veterinarians, and any special accommodations or equipment required. Financial review includes evaluating available assets and potential funding mechanisms. This step ensures the trust will be practical and sufficiently funded. Clear documentation at this point reduces later revisions and helps create a trust that fulfills the owner’s intentions without placing undue burden on future caregivers.
We help clients choose appropriate people for the roles of caregiver and trustee, and we discuss naming backups to handle contingencies. Conversations include assessing availability, willingness to assume care, and the practical logistics of daily routines. We also advise on selecting a trustee who can manage funds with transparency and provide periodic accounting. Proper role selection reduces friction later and establishes a reliable team to look after the pet’s needs when the owner cannot.
Documenting the pet’s medical history, dietary preferences, socialization habits, and emergency contacts helps produce a clear memorandum to accompany the trust. This information supports caregivers and veterinarians in delivering consistent care and allows the trustee to understand likely expense categories. A thorough record minimizes uncertainty and helps ensure that the pet maintains its routine and receives timely medical attention, which contributes to the animal’s overall stability during transitions.
Once planning is complete, we draft the pet trust document, incorporating tailored provisions for funding, trustee duties, caregiver responsibilities, and reporting requirements. We also prepare related estate documents needed to fund the trust, such as pour-over wills or asset transfer instructions. During this phase, we discuss funding options and help implement transfers or beneficiary designations. Clear language and proper funding ensure the trust will operate as intended and that resources are accessible for the pet’s care when needed.
The document includes explicit directions for the pet’s care, disbursement of funds, and oversight procedures to prevent misuse. We craft provisions that outline allowable expenses, reporting frequency, and remedies if funds are misused, always focusing on practical administration. Including contingency plans and remainder distributions clarifies how any leftover funds should be handled. These elements make the trust easier to administer and provide legal backing to ensure the owner’s intentions are respected.
Funding the trust may involve transferring liquid assets, naming the trust as a beneficiary, or using a pour-over will to move assets when the estate is settled. We work with clients to choose the most efficient approach based on asset types and tax considerations. Proper funding prevents future shortfalls and ensures caregivers have access to resources for the pet’s care. We also prepare documentation and instructions for trustees and caregivers regarding how to request reimbursements and submit receipts for accountability.
After execution, we review the full plan with the client, caregiver, and trustee to confirm understanding and clarify procedures. We recommend storing documents where they can be easily located and providing copies to the caregiver and trustee. Periodic reviews are important when life circumstances, health, or finances change. Updating the trust ensures that it remains aligned with the owner’s wishes and that funding remains sufficient. Regular communication among all parties reduces the chance of confusion and helps maintain continuity of care for the pet.
We encourage a meeting or correspondence that includes the owner, caregiver, and trustee to discuss practical aspects and expectations. This helps everyone understand how to implement the plan and where documents are kept. Clear instructions on reporting and reimbursement procedures reduce administrative friction. Open communication at this stage builds confidence and ensures the caregiver and trustee can act without delay when the trust must be administered.
Life changes such as moves, new pets, altered health needs, or financial shifts may require amendments to the trust. Periodic review helps confirm that designated individuals remain willing to serve and that funding levels are appropriate. We assist with formal amendments and advise on how to modify related estate documents to maintain consistency. Staying proactive about updates ensures the owner’s current wishes are reflected and reduces risk of unforeseen problems for caregivers or trustees.
A pet trust is a legal arrangement that sets aside funds and instructions specifically for an animal’s care. It names a trustee to manage money and a caregiver to provide daily care, and it includes provisions for veterinary decisions, routine care, and successor appointments. The trust is designed to ensure that resources are used only for the pet’s benefit and that a clear plan exists for who will take responsibility if the owner cannot. This legal structure provides both financial support and procedural guidance for caregivers. Because the pet trust is enforceable, it reduces uncertainty and helps ensure the owner’s wishes are followed. Clear language about allowable expenses, reporting, and succession reduces the chance of disputes among family members or caregivers. The trust can be funded through transfers, beneficiary designations, or a pour-over will, and it can include specific instructions about medical care, housing, and other preferences to preserve the animal’s quality of life when the owner is no longer able to provide direct care.
Choosing a caregiver involves evaluating their relationship with the pet, availability, and willingness to take on long-term responsibilities. Meet with potential caregivers to discuss routines, medical needs, and financial arrangements so everyone understands expectations. It is also wise to name at least one backup caregiver in case the primary person becomes unable to serve. Selecting a trustee requires considering who can manage funds responsibly and keep transparent records, as trustees handle disbursements and accounting for the pet trust. Open communication among the owner, caregiver, and trustee before finalizing the document helps ensure smooth administration. Consider discussing compensation and reimbursement procedures in writing, and provide a memorandum with medical histories and routine details. These steps reduce uncertainty and help ensure the caregiver and trustee can act promptly and consistently when the trust is implemented.
Determining the right funding amount begins with a realistic estimate of recurring costs such as food, grooming, boarding, and routine veterinary care, plus a reasonable buffer for emergencies. Review past medical bills and consult with your veterinarian about likely future care needs, especially if the pet has chronic conditions. For long-lived animals, planning for an extended timeframe is prudent to avoid shortfalls. The amount should be sufficient to maintain the animal’s established standard of living and cover foreseeable medical needs. In addition to immediate expenses, consider whether you want to fund specialized care, training, or boarding costs. Discuss funding options such as direct transfers, beneficiary designations, or a pour-over will to ensure the trust receives assets when needed. Proper funding mechanisms and clear disbursement rules help trustees and caregivers manage resources without delay when the trust becomes active.
Yes, a pet trust can include instructions for medical treatment, medications, and end-of-life care. The trust may specify preferred veterinarians, treatment thresholds, and whether euthanasia is an acceptable option under certain circumstances. Including these directives helps caregivers and veterinarians make decisions aligned with the owner’s values and reduces stress during emergencies. Clear medical guidance also protects caregivers from uncertainty and ensures the pet receives care consistent with prior routines and medical history. Because medical decisions can be sensitive, it is helpful to discuss these preferences with your chosen caregiver and veterinarian ahead of time. Documenting both general principles and specific instructions in the trust or an attached memorandum creates a practical roadmap for decision-making. This approach balances the animal’s welfare with clear guidance that supports caregivers in making timely choices.
Funding a pet trust can be achieved through several methods, including transferring assets into the trust during the owner’s lifetime, naming the trust as beneficiary of life insurance or retirement accounts, or using a pour-over will that directs assets into the trust after probate. Each method has different administrative and tax implications, so selecting the appropriate strategy depends on asset types and overall estate goals. Proper funding is essential to ensure the trust can meet the animal’s ongoing expenses and emergencies. We assist clients in evaluating which funding approach is best suited to their situation and in implementing the necessary transfers or beneficiary designations. Documenting how funds should be used and creating procedures for reimbursements and accounting ensures trustees and caregivers can access needed resources without unnecessary delay when the pet requires care.
A pet trust should specify what happens to any remaining funds after the pet passes. Common options include distributing leftover assets to a named human beneficiary, donating to an animal welfare organization, or allocating funds to a secondary charitable purpose. Clearly stating the intended remainder distribution prevents confusion and ensures the remaining resources are handled according to the owner’s wishes. This provision helps trustees know their responsibilities and provides closure for the administration of the trust. Including a remainder clause is an important part of comprehensive planning because it addresses the disposition of any unused funds and avoids leaving the matter to default intestacy or contested claims. Discussing these choices with family or beneficiaries in advance can reduce surprises and help ensure the owner’s overall estate plan remains coordinated.
Yes, a single pet trust can cover multiple animals, with tailored provisions to address different needs. The trust can allocate specific funds to each animal, set priorities for care if resources are limited, and provide distinct instructions for species or individual medical requirements. Addressing each animal’s unique circumstances in the document reduces ambiguity and allows trustees to manage resources appropriately while ensuring each pet receives the necessary attention and support. When multiple animals are involved, it is especially important to estimate combined costs and name caregivers who can realistically handle the full set of responsibilities. The trust should include succession plans and reporting procedures to ensure continuity across all animals, and it may benefit from a more detailed memorandum outlining individual care routines and medical histories.
You should review and update a pet trust whenever major life changes occur, such as the death or relocation of a caregiver or trustee, the acquisition of new pets, substantial changes in your financial situation, or changes in the pet’s health. Periodic reviews ensure that designated individuals remain willing and able to serve and that funding remains sufficient to cover anticipated expenses. Keeping documents current reduces the likelihood of complications when the trust must be administered. Updating the trust is a straightforward process when changes are anticipated, and we help clients make formal amendments or restatements as needed. Maintaining an up-to-date memorandum with medical and routine information also helps caregivers and trustees follow current instructions without confusion.
Alternatives to a formal pet trust include informal written agreements, gifting pets to a trusted caregiver, or including pet care instructions in a will without dedicated funding. These alternatives may be quicker or less costly, but they often lack enforceability and financial safeguards. Informal arrangements rely on the goodwill of caregivers and might not provide resources for long-term or emergency care, which can leave the pet vulnerable if circumstances change. A formal pet trust offers legal protection and funding that informal options generally do not. For owners who want a reliable and enforceable plan, a trust reduces risk and provides clarity for both caregivers and trustees. Evaluating alternatives with consideration for the animal’s needs and family dynamics helps owners choose the most appropriate path.
To encourage caregivers to follow instructions, a trust should include clear, practical directions and a funding structure that reimburses allowable expenses. Naming a trustee responsible for overseeing disbursements and requiring periodic accounting creates accountability. Including remedies for misuse of funds and specifying reporting intervals helps ensure that beneficiaries and trustees can monitor compliance. Clear communication and documentation reduce misunderstandings and provide a mechanism to address problems if they arise. Meeting with the caregiver and trustee before finalizing the trust builds agreement about expectations and logistics. Providing a detailed memorandum with medical records, routine instructions, and contact information streamlines day-to-day care and supports faithful implementation of the owner’s wishes. These steps collectively increase the likelihood that caregivers will follow the instructions set out in the trust.
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