A Heggstad petition can be an important legal remedy when trust assets have been distributed as if a trust were never created. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman we assist Easton and Fresno County residents with careful evaluation and filings to address assets wrongly handled outside a trust. Our approach begins with a thorough review of the trust, related transfer documents such as pour-over wills or assignments to trust, and any actions taken by beneficiaries or fiduciaries. This initial review helps identify whether a Heggstad petition is appropriate and what documentation will support a claim that trust property was intended to be included in the trust estate.
People pursue a Heggstad petition for several reasons: to clarify title to real property that should have been held in trust, to correct an unintended distribution, or to protect the interests of beneficiaries under the trust. This process often involves gathering deeds, beneficiary designations, trust certification, and other estate planning instruments like powers of attorney or advance health care directives. Clients typically need guidance on timing, required evidence, and the potential outcomes. We focus on clear communication about the practical implications of a petition and the likely steps needed to resolve title or distribution disputes without unnecessary delay.
Filing a Heggstad petition can prevent property from being treated as part of a decedent’s probate estate when the intent had been to hold that property in trust. The primary benefit is restoring assets to the trust so they are administered according to the settlor’s instructions, avoiding probate costs and timing delays. It can also protect beneficiaries’ interests by correcting titles and ensuring distributions follow the trust terms. In many situations a successful petition clarifies ownership, reduces litigation risk in later proceedings, and enables trustees to manage or distribute assets consistent with the trust document and the settlor’s plans.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients throughout California with a focus on practical estate planning and trust administration matters. Our firm provides careful legal analysis, clear guidance on filings like Heggstad petitions, and personalized attention to each client’s circumstances. We review trust instruments such as certificates of trust, pour-over wills, general assignments to trust, and related documents to build a persuasive record. Clients find value in our methodical preparation of pleadings, coordination with title companies or registrars, and consistent communication through each phase of the matter so they understand the options and likely timelines.
A Heggstad petition seeks a judicial determination that certain property should be treated as trust property even though the formal transfer into the trust may not have been completed before the settlor’s incapacity or death. The petition often focuses on deeds, beneficiary designations, assignment documents, and contemporaneous records showing the settlor intended the asset to be governed by the trust. The court examines the circumstances surrounding the transfer and whether the transferor’s intent and actions establish that the asset belonged to the trust. That judicial recognition allows trustees and beneficiaries to manage or distribute the asset under trust terms rather than probate rules.
The Heggstad process typically requires careful evidence collection, witness declarations, and legal briefing that explains how documents and actions demonstrate the settlor’s intent. It can involve title companies, county recorder records, and communications among family members or agents under power of attorney. Understanding the potential defenses and competing claims to the asset is also important because other parties may dispute the trust’s claim. The petitioner must be prepared to show how the paperwork, deeds, and trust provisions align to justify a court order recognizing trust ownership of the contested asset.
A Heggstad petition is a court filing that asks a probate court to declare that property should be treated as part of a trust even if it was never formally recorded in the trustee’s name. The remedy is grounded in case law and probate procedures that permit courts to look beyond defective or incomplete transfers when clear evidence shows the settlor’s intent to place property into the trust. Key elements include establishing intent, demonstrating contemporaneous transfer efforts or assignment, and providing documentation such as trust instruments, deeds, beneficiary designations, and correspondence that support the trust’s claim to the property.
Courts reviewing Heggstad petitions generally evaluate the settlor’s intent, the existence of trust documentation, and any actions taken that point to transfer into the trust. Relevant evidence can include signed deeds referencing the trust, pour-over wills indicating assets intended for the trust, recorded assignments, and trustee or settlor statements. The process commonly involves filing the petition, serving interested persons, and presenting declarations and exhibits that explain the history of the asset and the trust. Judges weigh probative documentary evidence and credible witness testimony to determine whether the property should be recognized as trust property under the law.
Familiarity with common terms helps clients understand what a petition asks the court to do. Terms like settlor, trustee, beneficiary, trust certification, pour-over will, deed, assignment to trust, and probate are frequent in these matters. Knowing how these pieces relate clarifies why certain documents are necessary and why timing and signatures matter. A clear glossary can demystify the legal process and provide context for the evidence that supports a petition, such as a certification of trust that demonstrates the trust’s existence without disclosing sensitive terms.
The settlor is the person who creates the trust and transfers assets into it or intends to do so. In a Heggstad context the settlor’s intent is central because the petition asks a court to honor what the settlor meant to accomplish with the trust. Evidence of the settlor’s instructions, signed documents, or contemporaneous behavior that shows a clear plan to fund the trust can be persuasive. When a settlor passes or becomes incapacitated before transfers are completed, courts examine the record to determine whether trust ownership should be recognized despite formal defects.
A pour-over will is a testamentary instrument designed to transfer remaining assets into an existing trust at the settlor’s death. It often operates as a safety net to ensure assets not previously moved into the trust are transferred into it through probate. In a Heggstad petition, a pour-over will can be relevant evidence of the settlor’s intent to consolidate assets under the trust. Courts consider whether a pour-over will, combined with other documentation like assignments or affidavits, supports a request to recognize property as trust assets rather than estate assets subject to general probate distribution rules.
A certification of trust is a summarized document that confirms the existence of a trust, identifies the trustees, and outlines the powers granted to them without revealing the trust’s full private terms. It is frequently used in real estate and financial transactions to demonstrate the authority to transfer or manage trust property. When pursuing a Heggstad petition, a certification of trust can help establish that a valid trust was in place and who the proper trustees were at relevant times, supporting the claim that particular assets belonged to the trust or were intended to do so.
An assignment to trust is a written document in which an owner formally transfers property into the trust’s name or acknowledges that property is held for the trust. These assignments can be direct proof of intent and transfer. If an assignment was executed but not recorded, or if a transfer was attempted but interrupted by incapacity or death, a Heggstad petition can seek judicial recognition of that intended transfer. Supporting materials such as dated assignments, contemporaneous correspondence, and witness statements can strengthen a petition to correct title or distribution.
When property appears outside a trust after a settlor’s death, multiple legal options may exist, including probate proceedings, quiet title actions, or a Heggstad petition. Each route has different evidentiary requirements, timelines, and costs. A Heggstad petition specifically asks the probate court to recognize trust ownership based on intent and supporting documentation, which can be faster and less invasive than full probate administration in some cases. The right option depends on the asset type, available records, number of interested parties, and the likelihood of proving that a transfer was intended to vest the asset in the trust.
A limited approach such as a narrowly focused petition or an administrative correction may be appropriate when a transfer involves a single asset with clear supporting documentation and few interested parties. For example, a deed that references the trust or a contemporaneous assignment with signatures can allow correction without broad probate. Parties may avoid extended litigation when the facts are straightforward and other beneficiaries assent. Counsel will still gather evidence, communicate with title companies, and prepare the necessary filings to provide the court with a concise record supporting trust ownership of the asset.
When all interested persons agree that an asset should be treated as trust property, a limited petition or stipulated order can resolve the matter quickly. Agreement reduces the need for contested hearings and allows a clean transfer or acknowledgment that aligns with the settlor’s intent. Even with agreement, formal documentation is important to clear title and prevent future disputes. Ensuring that the stipulation is robust, supported by relevant trust documents and recorded appropriately, protects beneficiaries and provides a permanent record for banks, registrars, and future trustees.
A comprehensive strategy is often required when multiple assets or complex title issues are involved, or when documentation is incomplete or contradictory. In these scenarios counsel may need to coordinate multiple filings, title company communications, and depositions or declarations from witnesses. The broader approach includes developing a coherent evidentiary narrative that addresses inconsistent records, resolves competing claims, and presents the court with a clear pathway to recognize trust ownership. This thorough preparation helps reduce the chance of later challenges and supports final resolution of trust administration.
When beneficiaries, heirs, or third parties dispute ownership, a comprehensive plan that includes negotiation, settlement discussions, and potential litigation may be necessary. Counsel will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of competing positions, pursue discovery when appropriate, and develop persuasive legal arguments and documentary support. Preparing for contested proceedings while also exploring opportunities to settle preserves resources and protects client interests. The goal is to secure a resolution that honors the settlor’s intentions and provides clear, marketable title where required.
A comprehensive approach offers the benefit of addressing both immediate title problems and longer-term trust administration concerns. By collecting complete records, coordinating with financial institutions, and preparing a detailed evidentiary presentation, the petitioner increases the chance of a favorable judicial determination and reduces the risk of subsequent challenges. Thorough preparation also helps trustees transition to managing disputed assets, clarifies beneficiary rights, and ensures that any orders entered by the court are practical for filing and title resolution, which benefits all parties when moving forward with administration or sale of assets.
Comprehensive representation also helps anticipate and resolve related issues that could otherwise derail a petition, such as inconsistent beneficiary designations, gaps in recorded documents, or unclear chain of title. Addressing these matters proactively—through coordinated filings, communications with county recorders, and well-supported declarations—reduces delays and the chance of re-litigation. A complete record also supports interactions with third parties like real estate brokers or financial institutions and makes it simpler to obtain clear title, insurance, or transfers required for administering the trust according to its terms.
One key benefit of comprehensive work is securing clear title so trustees can manage, sell, or distribute property without uncertainty. Courts that recognize trust ownership through a petition enable trustees to take administrative actions consistent with the trust terms. That clarity prevents banks, escrow agents, and title insurers from refusing transactions due to unresolved title questions. Preparing detailed documentation, obtaining necessary orders, and recording court instruments when required streamlines subsequent transactions and reduces friction when assets need to be liquidated or transferred to beneficiaries.
A thorough approach decreases the likelihood that dissatisfied parties will successfully challenge ownership later, because the record presented to the court will be comprehensive and consistent. When evidence, witness statements, and document chains of custody are assembled carefully, the court can make a well-supported ruling that is more resistant to collateral attack. This long-term stability benefits trustees and beneficiaries who need certainty to proceed with distributions or estate administration, and it helps avoid additional legal fees and delays that arise from unresolved title or distribution ambiguities.
Preserving documents early is essential to a strong Heggstad filing. Retain deeds, assignments, settlement statements, certificates of trust, pour-over wills, beneficiary designation forms, and any correspondence that reflects the settlor’s intention to fund the trust. If a power of attorney or health care directive is involved due to incapacity, include those records as well. Photographs of signed documents, notarizations, and dated communications can help establish the timeline. Gathering a comprehensive set of documents reduces uncertainty, supports declaratory statements, and speeds the preparation of a convincing petition to present to the court.
When disagreements over assets arise, exploring alternative dispute resolution such as mediation can be a useful step before contested litigation. Mediation encourages parties to negotiate solutions that reflect the settlor’s intent while saving time and resources. Even when moving forward with a petition, having a mediator involved can help isolate contested points and clarify facts. Preparing documentation for mediation is also valuable because it sharpens the evidentiary record and may lead to a settlement that resolves title questions and allows the trust to be administered in a predictable way without prolonged court proceedings.
Residents may need a Heggstad petition when property that was intended to be held in a trust appears to be held in the decedent’s name or in the name of a beneficiary outside the trust. This can arise due to oversight, timing issues, or incomplete paperwork. Seeking a petition helps align legal ownership with the settlor’s actual estate plan and can prevent probate of assets that were meant to be governed by trust terms. A petition is also appropriate when title companies or financial institutions decline transactions until ownership issues are resolved through court order.
Other reasons to consider this service include the need to sell or refinance real property that has uncertain title, disputes among family members about whether transfers were intended for a trust, or situations where a trustee needs court recognition in order to manage or distribute an asset. Clear court recognition through a Heggstad petition can provide the necessary legal authority to act and eliminate practical obstacles to administration, including transfer of retirement accounts, bank accounts, or real estate that were not fully moved into the trust prior to the settlor’s incapacity or death.
Common circumstances include real property where a deed referencing the trust was signed but not recorded, assets left in the decedent’s name due to oversight, or beneficiary designations that conflict with trust instructions. Executors, trustees, and beneficiaries often encounter title problems when trying to transfer or sell assets. Another frequent scenario is when a power of attorney executed transfers on behalf of an incapacitated settlor but the transfer was incomplete, creating ambiguity over whether the asset should be administered by the trust or the probate estate.
An unrecorded deed that appears to transfer property into a trust is a common trigger for a Heggstad petition. When a deed is signed but not properly recorded before the settlor’s death or incapacity, county records may still show the original owner. The petition seeks judicial recognition that the deed reflected the settlor’s intent to fund the trust despite recording defects. Presenting the signed deed along with a certification of trust, witness affidavits, or related documents helps the court understand the circumstances and often supports a determination that the property belongs to the trust.
Assets that remain in the decedent’s individual name because transfers were not completed can complicate administration. A Heggstad petition can remedy this by asking the court to treat such assets as trust property when evidence shows that the settlor intended them to be included in the trust. Bank accounts, brokerage accounts, or personal property that were meant to be assigned to a trust may require careful documentation to demonstrate intent and, if necessary, a judicial order to allow the trustee to control or distribute those assets under the trust terms.
Conflicting beneficiary designations or inconsistent transfer records can create a dispute about whether an asset belongs to a trust or to an individual beneficiary. When designations conflict with the terms of a trust or with other documents, a Heggstad petition can ask the court to determine ownership based on the totality of the evidence. Resolving these conflicts through the court provides certainty, prevents multiple claims against the same asset, and helps trustees proceed with administration consistent with the settlor’s documented intentions.
We provide practical, local assistance to Easton residents navigating Heggstad petitions and related trust administration challenges. Our team helps assemble records, prepare filings, and communicate with third parties to clear title or secure recognition of trust ownership. We understand regional recording practices and local probate court procedures, and we work to reduce delays that can impede administration. Clients receive plain-language explanations of options, likely timelines, and what evidence will be most persuasive to resolve contested ownership efficiently and with attention to the settlor’s intent.
Choosing counsel involves finding a lawyer who understands trust instruments, real property transfer mechanics, and probate court practices. Our office focuses on these intersections, guiding clients through evidence collection and court filings tailored to Heggstad petitions. We emphasize clear communication, practical recommendations, and careful preparation of declarations and exhibits that explain the settlor’s intent. Clients benefit from consistent case management, timely status updates, and coordination with title companies and registrars when court orders require recording or administrative follow-up.
We also help clients evaluate alternatives and pursue settlement when possible to avoid protracted litigation. When disputes are likely, we prepare a persuasive record that addresses weaknesses in documentation and anticipates opposing arguments. Our goal is to secure judicial recognition of trust ownership in a manner that protects beneficiary interests and resolves title issues for real estate or financial institutions, so trustees can manage or distribute assets without lingering uncertainty or additional legal obstacles.
From intake to closing a matter we pay attention to procedural details that matter in probate court proceedings. This includes ensuring proper service on interested parties, preparing comprehensive declarations, and requesting orders that enable practical follow-up steps such as recording instruments or directing title companies. Clients appreciate the hands-on approach to paperwork and courtroom presentation because it increases the likelihood of a durable outcome and reduces the administrative burden on families during often stressful times.
Our process begins with a thorough intake and document review to determine whether a Heggstad petition is appropriate. We gather deeds, trust instruments, certificates of trust, assignments, and correspondence that evidence the settlor’s intent. After evaluating the record and identifying interested parties, we prepare and file a petition that explains the basis for recognizing trust ownership, serve the required notices, and respond to any oppositions. Throughout the matter we coordinate with title companies and county recorders to ensure the court’s order can be implemented efficiently once entered.
The first step is exhaustive document collection and case assessment. We request deeds, trust documents, beneficiary designations, assignment forms, and any communications that reflect the settlor’s intent. This review establishes the strengths and potential gaps in the record and determines what additional evidence or witness statements may be needed. Establishing a clear chain of events and compiling dated records helps create a persuasive petition and reduces the likelihood of surprise arguments or missing information during the court’s review.
Collecting trust instruments such as the revocable living trust, certification of trust, pour-over will, and any signed assignments is essential to show the trust’s existence and funding intentions. We also obtain copies of deeds, escrow records, or bank statements that relate to contested assets. These documents form the backbone of the petition and provide the factual foundation needed to explain why the court should recognize the asset as trust property rather than part of the probate estate.
Identifying and contacting interested parties such as beneficiaries, heirs, and potential claimants is a necessary part of the process because the court requires proper notice. We prepare service lists, evaluate whether any parties are missing or unknown, and follow statutory procedures for notifying all interested persons. Proper notice ensures the petition proceeds on a sound procedural footing and reduces the risk of challenges based on defective service or lack of opportunity to be heard.
Once documents and parties are identified, we prepare a petition that sets out the facts, legal basis, and requested relief. Supporting evidence such as declarations, copies of deeds, certifications of trust, and notarized assignments are attached to provide the court with a well-documented record. The petition explains the settlor’s intent, the mechanics of any attempted transfers, and why the court should recognize trust ownership. Careful organization of exhibits and persuasive factual narratives increases the effectiveness of the filing.
We draft sworn declarations from witnesses, trustees, or others with personal knowledge that document the settlor’s intent and the history of the asset. Exhibits are organized and labeled to correspond with the petition’s assertions. Consistent, date-stamped documentation and clear witness statements help the court understand the timeline and the intent behind transfers. A well-prepared evidentiary package reduces ambiguity and supports the legal arguments presented in the petition.
After finalizing the petition and exhibits, we file with the appropriate probate court and serve all identified interested persons following statutory rules. Timely and correct service is essential to maintain the petition’s integrity and allow the court to proceed. We track deadlines, prepare proof of service, and monitor the docket for responses or oppositions. If objections arise, we respond with supplemental declarations and legal briefing as necessary to address contested issues and keep the matter moving toward resolution.
If the petition is contested, the matter proceeds to a hearing where declarations, exhibits, and legal arguments are presented to the judge. When the court finds the evidence persuasive, it issues an order recognizing the property as trust property. Following entry of the order, we assist with implementing the ruling by recording necessary instruments, notifying title companies and banks, and taking administrative steps to transfer or distribute the asset in accordance with the trust. This implementation phase ensures the court’s determination has practical effect.
When hearings are necessary, we prepare courtroom-ready declarations, organize exhibits, and present the factual record in a clear manner for the court. This preparation includes anticipating likely objections from opposing parties and ensuring the evidence addresses those concerns. Attending hearings allows us to advocate for orders that will be useful in practice, such as directing the recorder to accept a corrected deed or instructing financial institutions to transfer assets to the trustee upon presentation of the court order.
After obtaining a court order, we assist with recording the order and any corrected deeds, while coordinating with title companies to secure title insurance if needed. We ensure banks and other institutions receive the documentation they require to release assets to the trustee or to process transfers. Proper post-order follow-through is essential to turn a favorable decision into practical control of assets and to finalize trust administration tasks in a way that prevents future disputes and supports efficient distribution to beneficiaries.
A Heggstad petition asks the probate court to recognize that specific property should be treated as trust property even if it was not formally titled in the trustee’s name before the settlor’s incapacity or death. The petition typically relies on evidence such as deeds, assignments to the trust, a pour-over will, and witness statements demonstrating the settlor’s intent. The court evaluates whether the totality of the documentation and circumstances supports treating the asset as part of the trust rather than the probate estate. Pursuing a petition is appropriate when title issues prevent trustees from administering property under the trust, or when a party seeks to prevent probate of assets that were meant to be held in trust. The petition process involves filing a formal pleading, serving interested parties, submitting declarations and exhibits, and potentially attending a hearing so the judge can determine ownership based on the presented evidence.
The timeline for a Heggstad petition varies depending on document complexity, the number of interested parties, and whether the petition is contested. In uncontested matters where evidence is clear and parties agree, resolution can occur more quickly, sometimes within a few months depending on court availability. Contested matters or cases requiring additional discovery or depositions can take significantly longer. Local probate court calendars and service requirements also affect timing. Preparation time is often the biggest factor because gathering deeds, certifications of trust, assignments, and witness declarations takes work. Once filed, statutory notice periods and scheduling constraints determine how soon a hearing can be held. Counsel will provide an estimated timeline after reviewing the specific facts and identifying likely parties who must be served or heard.
Evidence that supports a Heggstad petition generally includes signed deeds referencing the trust, written assignments to the trust, a certification of trust, a pour-over will, and contemporaneous communications showing intent to place the asset in the trust. Declarations from witnesses who observed the settlor’s actions or heard their statements about funding the trust can bolster the record. Bank statements, escrow instructions, and other transactional documents may also be useful in establishing the context for the transfer. The strength of the petition depends on the clarity and consistency of the documents and testimony. Courts look for a coherent narrative that links the settlor’s actions to the trust’s funding plan. Missing or contradictory records may require additional affidavits or secondary evidence to bridge gaps and persuade the court that the asset belonged to the trust despite formal defects.
Yes, a Heggstad petition can sometimes be resolved without a contested hearing if all interested persons agree and the court accepts a stipulated order. When beneficiaries or heirs consent and the factual record is persuasive, counsel can often prepare a package for the court that explains the basis for recognition and requests entry of an uncontested order. This approach reduces time and costs and avoids the uncertainty of litigation. However, when parties disagree or where documents are incomplete and raise questions, a hearing may be necessary for the judge to weigh the evidence. Even in uncontested matters, the court may request additional documentation or clarification before entering an order that will be recorded or relied upon by title companies and financial institutions.
A Heggstad petition differs from probate because it seeks recognition that specific property is part of a trust rather than subject to probate administration. Probate typically involves distributing the decedent’s estate under a will or the laws of intestacy and often includes court supervision of the estate’s administration. A successful Heggstad petition allows trustees to treat the property as trust assets and manage or distribute them according to the trust’s terms, avoiding the probate process for those assets. Although both processes involve the probate court, a Heggstad petition is focused on ownership recognition for particular assets rather than full estate administration. The petition is a targeted remedy intended to honor the settlor’s intent and permit trust administration without converting the assets into probate property.
A court order recognizing trust ownership does not automatically eliminate valid liens or creditor claims against the property. Creditors with properly perfected liens may still have claims depending on the timing and nature of those claims. When pursuing a petition, part of the process is identifying potential liens, recording interests, and advising trustees on how to address creditor concerns. The court may consider notice to creditors and other claimants as part of the proceedings. If the property has outstanding liens or mortgages, coordination with lenders and title companies is important to ensure any transfers or recordings comply with existing obligations. Counsel can help assess how creditor claims intersect with a petition and recommend procedural steps to reduce complications for trustees and beneficiaries.
If beneficiaries contest the petition, the matter becomes adversarial and the court will weigh the competing evidence. Contested proceedings can involve additional discovery, depositions, and legal briefing to resolve factual disputes about intent and the history of transfers. Responding to challenges requires building a robust evidentiary record that addresses the objections raised by opposing parties and demonstrates why the asset should be recognized as trust property. While contests increase complexity and cost, they are resolvable when the facts and documentation support the trust’s position. Settlement discussions or mediation may remain possible and sometimes lead to an agreed resolution that avoids a full contested hearing, depending on the parties’ willingness to compromise and the strength of the supporting evidence.
Not all assets are suitable for a Heggstad petition. The remedy is typically used for assets where documentary or testimonial evidence can show the settlor intended the property to be placed into the trust. Real estate, bank accounts, and certain personal property where signed deeds, assignments, or contemporaneous records exist are often appropriate. Assets without any supporting documentation or where the settlor’s intent is genuinely ambiguous may be more difficult to pursue successfully through a petition. When evidence is weak, other remedies or settlement options may be more practical. Counsel can evaluate each asset to determine the likelihood of success and recommend alternatives, which may include probate administration, negotiated transfers, or re-documentation when possible, to accomplish the settlor’s overall estate planning goals.
Filing a Heggstad petition does not automatically make the full trust document public. Courts often accept a certification of trust or redacted copies to establish the trust’s existence while protecting private terms. The court will require enough information to verify the trust’s validity and the trustee’s authority without necessarily exposing all details. This approach helps balance the need for a public record of ownership with privacy concerns common in estate planning. However, in contested matters a court may examine additional trust provisions as necessary to resolve ownership disputes, and parties may be required to submit more detailed materials under protective orders or redaction protocols. Counsel can often secure appropriate confidentiality measures while providing the court with the evidence it needs to rule on the petition.
To get started, gather as many relevant documents as possible, including deeds, trust instruments, certification of trust, assignments, pour-over wills, beneficiary designations, and any correspondence that reflects the settlor’s intent. Make notes about conversations, dates, and persons who witnessed transfers or signing of documents. This initial compilation allows counsel to evaluate the strength of a potential petition and identify additional evidence that may be needed. Contact a probate or trust attorney to schedule an intake and review of the materials. The attorney will assess interested parties, determine notice requirements, and recommend a plan—whether a petition, settlement, or alternative approach. Timely action and careful organization of records improve the chances of a favorable outcome and help the court reach a clear determination about trust ownership.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas