The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provide tailored estate planning services to residents of Kern County and throughout California, helping families protect assets, prepare for incapacity, and plan for future generations. Our practice focuses on practical legal documents such as revocable living trusts, last wills and testaments, financial powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and related trust instruments. We work with clients to design plans that reflect personal goals, family dynamics, and financial realities, and we explain each option in clear, accessible language so that clients understand how documents operate and what to expect over time.
Whether you are beginning estate planning, updating existing documents, or handling complex asset arrangements, our office emphasizes communication and careful drafting. We assist with pour-over wills, certifications of trust, irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, and special needs and pet trusts when appropriate. Many clients appreciate that we address both immediate concerns and long-term planning in a single discussion so the overall plan is coherent. If you have questions about guardianship nominations, HIPAA authorizations, or trust modification and Heggstad petitions, we provide straightforward explanations and practical next steps.
A well-crafted estate plan offers significant benefits beyond distribution of assets at death. It preserves family harmony by setting clear instructions, helps avoid unnecessary probate delay and expense, and allows for care decisions in the event of incapacity. Proper planning can provide protection for heirs, streamline transfer of business interests or real estate, and address tax and creditor concerns where applicable. By documenting health care wishes and powers of attorney, clients reduce uncertainty and empower chosen decision makers. For many Kern County residents, these plans mean peace of mind and continuity of financial and personal care across life changes.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman approach estate planning with a focus on personalized solutions and clear communication. Our firm assists clients across a range of planning needs, from basic wills to more complex trust arrangements and guardianship nominations. We prioritize listening to your objectives and adapting documents to fit family circumstances, financial situations, and long-term goals. Clients working with our office often value the practical advice provided during planning sessions and the careful drafting that anticipates common issues, reducing the likelihood of future disputes and ensuring documents work as intended.
Estate planning is the process of organizing your legal, financial, and medical directives so your wishes are followed and your loved ones are protected. Core components include instruments that manage assets during life and permit efficient transfer at death. Planning also addresses incapacity through documents that appoint trusted agents to make financial and health decisions. For many people, the most valuable part of the process is clarifying who will act on their behalf and under what authority, as well as ensuring that small administrative details, such as beneficiary designations and asset ownership, align with the plan to avoid unintended consequences.
A comprehensive planning session typically reviews assets, family structure, and long-term concerns like disability, retirement, and special needs. We discuss options such as revocable living trusts to avoid probate for certain assets, pour-over wills to capture assets not funded into trusts, and other trust forms to address life insurance or beneficiary protections. The planning process also includes executing powers of attorney and advance health care directives, and preparing any necessary certificates of trust or general assignments to integrate accounts into a cohesive estate plan that reflects current wishes and practical administration.
Certain documents form the backbone of most estate plans. A revocable living trust provides a private vehicle to manage and transfer assets with the potential to avoid probate for trust property. A last will and testament addresses distribution of probate assets and names guardians for minor children. Financial powers of attorney designate an agent to manage financial affairs if you cannot do so. An advance health care directive captures medical preferences and appoints someone to make health decisions. Together these documents create a legal framework to ensure financial continuity and respect personal wishes at critical times.
The planning process begins with a careful review of assets, beneficiary designations, and family goals. Drafting follows with selection and customization of documents that align with those goals, and signing must be completed in the presence of appropriate witnesses or a notary. Funding a trust, where required, means retitling assets or assigning accounts to the trust so they pass according to the document terms. Post-execution maintenance includes periodic reviews and updates for life changes such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, or major financial shifts to keep documents aligned with current intentions.
Below are concise definitions for terms that commonly arise during estate planning discussions. Knowing these terms helps you follow recommendations and make informed decisions about structure, administration, and the allocation of responsibilities. Clear definitions also reduce surprises when documents are implemented and when agents act on behalf of a principal. Review these entries before meeting with your attorney or advisor so you can focus on choices that reflect your family priorities and long-term goals for asset transfer and incapacity planning.
A revocable living trust is a legal arrangement where a person places assets into a trust for management during life and for distribution after death according to the trust terms. The trust maker typically retains control and may amend or revoke the trust while alive. Trusts can simplify the transfer process for assets titled in the trust’s name and provide privacy by avoiding public probate proceedings for those assets. Funding the trust by retitling accounts and property is an important administrative step to ensure the trust functions as intended at incapacity or death.
A pour-over will is a type of will designed to transfer any assets not previously moved into a trust into that trust upon the individual’s death. It acts as a safety net to ensure those assets are governed by the trust’s distribution scheme. While the pour-over will still goes through probate for the assets passing under it, it simplifies administration by consolidating remaining property into the trust and maintaining the intended distribution plan rather than leaving those items to separate probate instructions.
An advance health care directive is a legal document that records a person’s medical preferences and appoints a trusted agent to make health care decisions if the person is unable to do so. It may include instructions about life-sustaining treatment, organ donation, and comfort care. Having a clear directive helps ensure medical teams and family members are aware of the individual’s wishes and reduces uncertainty during stressful medical situations, allowing decisions to be made in a way that reflects the person’s values and priorities.
A financial power of attorney designates an agent to handle financial affairs on behalf of the principal if they become incapacitated or otherwise unable to manage their own matters. The document specifies the scope of authority and may be limited to certain transactions or broad enough to cover a wide range of financial activities. Choosing the right agent and carefully drafting the powers and limitations in the document helps ensure that assets are managed responsibly and that bills, investments, and property concerns are handled consistently with the principal’s intentions.
When evaluating planning options, individuals decide between targeted documents that address specific issues and broader plans that combine multiple instruments for comprehensive coverage. Targeted planning can be quicker and less costly initially, and may be suitable for straightforward situations or those with modest asset levels. Comprehensive plans integrate trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and health directives to provide continuity across various scenarios. The right path depends on family structure, asset complexity, privacy concerns, and long-term goals. Considering foreseeable life events helps determine whether a limited approach or a full plan is more appropriate.
A limited planning approach can make sense when assets are modest, ownership is straightforward, and family relationships are uncomplicated. In such cases, a last will and testament combined with basic powers of attorney and a health directive often provides necessary protections without the added expense of trust administration. This approach still requires careful attention to beneficiary designations and account titling to avoid unintended transfers. Reviewing these elements ensures that the documents in place actually produce the intended results and that there are no gaps that could cause delays or disputes later on.
Sometimes clients need planning to handle a particular transaction or short-term circumstance, such as a retirement account rollover or a change in family status. In these situations, targeted documents that address only the relevant issues can be efficient and effective. Even in a focused approach, it is important to ensure the documents are aligned with any existing estate plan components, such as beneficiary designations, to prevent conflicts. Periodic review is advisable to confirm that focused measures remain appropriate as circumstances change over time.
Comprehensive estate planning is often recommended when assets are diverse, family situations involve blended families or minor children, or there are concerns about creditor protection or tax planning. A full plan helps coordinate ownership, beneficiary designations, and trust terms so that all pieces work together. This coordinated approach reduces the chance of assets passing in unintended ways and provides clear instructions for management and distribution. Thorough planning also prepares for incapacity, ensuring that appointed agents have appropriate authority and that care preferences are documented and respected.
When long-term goals include protecting inheritances, providing for family members with special needs, or preserving assets for future generations, a comprehensive plan provides tools for achieving those outcomes. Trusts can be tailored to provide ongoing management, control timing of distributions, and address unique family circumstances such as second marriages or dependent children. Additionally, comprehensive plans can include provisions for business succession or retirement benefit management, offering a cohesive framework so that personal, financial, and business objectives are aligned and easier to administer over time.
A comprehensive estate plan provides clarity and continuity that reduce stress for families during difficult times. By anticipating how assets will be managed and transferred, such plans minimize the administrative burden and expense of settling an estate, and they can reduce the potential for disputes among heirs. Incorporating incapacity planning through powers of attorney and health directives also ensures decision makers are identified and authorized in advance, which streamlines responses to medical emergencies and financial needs when a person cannot act for themselves.
Comprehensive planning can also protect privacy by avoiding public probate proceedings for assets in trust and help preserve value by reducing delays in administration. When trusts are used for life insurance, retirement assets, or family benefactions, distribution schemes can reflect nuanced intentions such as staged distributions or protections for beneficiaries. Regular reviews keep the plan current with life changes, preventing outdated language or unintended outcomes. Overall, a coordinated approach helps ensure that wishes are carried out and that loved ones are supported according to the plan’s design.
A primary advantage of a comprehensive plan that includes a trust is the potential to reduce the scope of assets subject to probate, which can shorten the time required to distribute property and keep details private. Probate proceedings are public and can be time-consuming; transferring assets into a trust while living often minimizes the need for court involvement for those assets. This approach also helps with continuity of asset management at incapacity and can streamline the transition to successor trustees, reducing administrative burden for family members during an already stressful period.
Including powers of attorney and advance health care directives in a comprehensive plan clarifies who is authorized to manage finances and make medical decisions if incapacity occurs. Designating agents and documenting preferences ahead of time prevents confusion and conflict among family members, and it reduces delays in obtaining necessary care or managing financial obligations. These documents are also practical tools for avoiding guardianship or conservatorship proceedings, because appointed agents are able to act under the authority of properly executed documents without requiring court intervention.
Begin planning by compiling a thorough list of assets, accounts, property, and designated beneficiaries. Include retirement accounts, life insurance policies, real estate, business interests, and any accounts with payable-on-death or transfer-on-death designations. Knowing what you own and how titles and beneficiary forms are currently set up helps identify gaps between your intentions and actual outcomes. This inventory also makes conversations with legal counsel more productive and speeds the drafting and funding process, helping ensure documents reflect the real asset picture rather than assumptions.
Estate plans should be reviewed and updated when life circumstances change, such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, or significant financial shifts. Regular review enables you to incorporate changes in laws and ensure that appointed agents and trustees remain appropriate choices. Minor updates can often be handled with amendments or codicils, while larger changes may require restating documents. Scheduling periodic check-ins keeps the plan current and prevents outdated provisions from producing outcomes that do not match your present intentions and family dynamics.
People pursue estate planning for many reasons, including protecting family members, avoiding probate delays, designating decision makers for health and finances, and managing how assets are distributed after death. Clients may want to provide for minor children, support a family member with special needs, or limit exposure to prolonged administration. Planning is also a way to memorialize personal values through charitable gifts or legacy provisions. By addressing these matters proactively, families reduce stress for survivors and promote orderly transitions when life’s inevitable changes occur.
Another motivation for planning is preserving privacy and reducing administrative costs for heirs. Trusts can help keep personal financial affairs out of public probate records and streamline asset transfers for property held in trust. For business owners, estate planning facilitates succession and continuity by providing mechanisms to transfer ownership or management. Additionally, planning for incapacity through powers of attorney and health directives avoids court involvement and ensures that trusted agents can act promptly in the principal’s best interest, which benefits both the individual and their family during difficult times.
Life events often prompt people to address estate planning proactively. Major milestones such as marriage, divorce, the birth of a child, the acquisition of significant assets, retirement, or a change in health status all create a need to update or create planning documents. In addition, business transitions or relocations can affect how assets should be titled and protected. People who care for family members with special needs or who own life insurance or retirement accounts frequently benefit from personalized planning to secure long-term financial stability and to ensure continuity of care and management.
The arrival of children or grandchildren often triggers the need for guardianship nominations and clear directives about how assets should be managed for minors. Naming guardians and specifying how trust funds or inheritances should be handled provides security and reduces uncertainty. Parents typically want to designate caretakers and set terms for distributions that reflect the child’s needs and family values. Planning at this stage is especially important to avoid court determinations and to ensure that appointed guardians have legal authority to act on behalf of minor children when necessary.
A decline in health or a diagnosis that affects decision-making capacity makes it essential to have powers of attorney and advance health care directives in place. These documents allow trusted individuals to manage finances and make health decisions without the delay and expense of court proceedings. They also provide medical teams with guidance about treatment preferences, which can be particularly important during emergencies. Early planning ensures that authority and instructions are documented while the principal can still communicate choices and designate appropriate agents.
Significant changes in assets, such as acquiring real estate, inheriting property, or starting or selling a business, create a need to review and often revise estate plans. New assets may need to be retitled or assigned to a trust to ensure they are governed by the existing plan. These events also present an opportunity to reassess beneficiary designations and the overall estate strategy to confirm it continues to meet family objectives. Timely adjustments prevent unintended consequences and ensure that plans remain aligned with current circumstances and goals.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provide accessible estate planning services for individuals and families in Kern County and across California. We offer practical guidance on creating and maintaining living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives. Our office also assists with trust-related filings, trust certifications, and petitions when court action is necessary, including trust modifications and Heggstad petitions. We aim to help clients develop plans that reflect their values and goals while minimizing administrative burdens for loved ones during challenging times.
Clients work with our office because we focus on clear communication, thorough document preparation, and practical solutions tailored to individual circumstances. We take time to listen to family priorities and financial realities, then explain options in accessible terms so clients can make informed decisions. Our drafting process emphasizes clarity and administrative ease, aiming to reduce ambiguity and ease future management of assets. The goal is to create documents that function smoothly when they are needed and to provide clients confidence in their planning choices.
We assist clients with a range of matters that support effective estate administration, including coordinating beneficiary designations, retitling assets into trusts, drafting pour-over wills, and preparing certificates of trust for third parties. When circumstances require court filings, such as trust modifications or petitions to recognize trust transfers, we explain procedures and provide representation tailored to the situation. Our focus is on practical outcomes and on helping families avoid unnecessary delays and costs through careful planning and follow-through.
For those with special planning needs, such as planning for family members with disabilities or protecting life insurance proceeds through an irrevocable life insurance trust, we develop strategies that reflect long-term goals and compliance with legal requirements. We also help clients review and update plans periodically to reflect life changes, new assets, or shifts in family circumstances. By maintaining clear documentation and a collaborative approach, our office helps clients feel prepared for the future and confident that their wishes are documented and actionable.
The planning process begins with a focused intake to understand assets, family structure, and goals. After that, we recommend documents and strategies that align with those objectives and provide an estimate for the work involved. Drafting follows with a review session to ensure language reflects intent, followed by signing with appropriate witnesses and notary procedures. We can assist with funding a trust by preparing general assignments or certifications of trust and by guiding clients on retitling accounts to ensure documents operate as intended when needed.
The initial meeting centers on gathering information about assets, family relationships, and planning goals. We review real estate holdings, account ownership, beneficiary designations, business interests, and any special considerations such as minor children or special needs dependents. This review identifies priorities and potential issues that influence document selection and structure. Clients leave this session with a clear plan for the next steps, an understanding of recommended documents, and guidance on which assets may need attention for funding or retitling to align with the plan.
After the initial review, we recommend a set of documents tailored to your circumstances and explain how each document operates in practical terms. Recommendations consider privacy, probate avoidance, incapacity planning, and tax or creditor concerns where relevant. Drafting is customized to reflect family dynamics and distribution preferences, and clients are encouraged to ask questions so the language matches their intentions. Clear customization reduces the likelihood of later disputes and ensures that documents are functional in real life as well as in the event of death or incapacity.
Once draft documents are prepared, we schedule a review meeting to walk through each provision in detail and make any necessary revisions. This step ensures that the plan’s terms are understood and that appointed agents and beneficiaries are correctly identified. We address potential ambiguities and confirm administrative details like successor trustees and distribution timing. After clients approve the final drafts, we arrange signing with the required formalities so that each document is fully effective and enforceable under California law.
Execution of documents involves signing with the necessary witnesses and notary acknowledgment as required by state law. Following execution, funding the trust and updating account titles and beneficiary designations are key administrative steps to ensure documents operate as intended. We provide guidance and checklists to assist with retitling real estate, transferring bank or investment accounts, and preparing general assignments to integrate assets into a trust. Proper follow-through after signing prevents common problems that can undermine an otherwise well-drafted plan.
Certain documents require witness signatures and notarization to be valid and to stand up to scrutiny if contested. We explain the formal requirements for each document and coordinate signing sessions to complete the process correctly. Careful attention to these formalities reduces the risk that documents will be challenged on technical grounds later. Clients are guided through the practical steps to complete execution and are provided with certified copies or recorded instruments as appropriate for third parties such as banks, title companies, or medical providers.
After documents are signed, updating third-party records and transferring assets into the trust are essential to make the plan effective. This may include changing real estate deeds, retitling brokerage and bank accounts, and submitting certificates of trust to institutions that need proof of trustee authority. We assist clients with forms and templates and offer practical advice on communicating changes to financial institutions, insurance companies, and retirement plan administrators to prevent future administrative complications for trustees and beneficiaries.
Estate planning is not a one-time event; ongoing maintenance is important to reflect life changes and legal developments. Periodic reviews allow for updates to named agents, trustees, and beneficiaries, and they provide an opportunity to restate or amend trusts as needed. We recommend scheduled reviews after major life events or at regular intervals to confirm the plan continues to meet goals. Maintaining clear records and providing successors with necessary documents and instructions helps ensure smooth administration when the plan is activated.
Consider updating estate planning documents after significant changes such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, relocation, or major shifts in financial circumstances. Changes in health or new legal developments can also prompt revisions to ensure documents remain effective. Timely updates prevent inconsistency between estate documents and real-life circumstances, and they help avoid unintended consequences such as conflicting beneficiary designations or obsolete executor appointments. Regular reviews keep the plan aligned with current wishes and family needs.
It is helpful to keep organized records and to provide successors with clear instructions on where documents are stored and how to access accounts. Trustee and agent successors benefit from receiving guidance about the location of original documents, account statements, and contact information for advisors. Preparing a simple administration checklist can ease transitions and reduce delays. We work with clients to prepare practical directions for successors so that the administration of trusts and estates proceeds in an orderly and predictable manner.
A revocable living trust and a will serve different functions in an estate plan. A trust holds assets during life and can provide for management and distribution after death without necessarily requiring probate for those assets, offering privacy and potential administrative efficiencies. The trust maker typically retains control while alive and may appoint successor trustees to manage the trust upon incapacity or death. A will provides instructions for assets that pass through probate and names guardians for minor children. The will becomes effective at death and handles assets not placed into a trust. Choosing between or combining a trust and a will depends on asset ownership, privacy concerns, and family needs. Many people use both: a trust to manage and distribute trust assets and a pour-over will to ensure assets not funded into the trust are directed into it upon death. This combination offers comprehensive coverage, but proper retitling and beneficiary coordination are important to achieve the intended outcomes and minimize the need for court involvement in administration.
Whether a trust is necessary for a modest estate depends on individual priorities and the nature of assets. For some households, a will plus powers of attorney and an advance health care directive provide adequate protection and clarity without the additional steps of funding a trust. A limited approach can be efficient for straightforward situations where probate costs and delays are unlikely to be a significant concern. However, even modest estates can benefit from clear beneficiary designations and updated account titles to reduce administrative friction. If privacy and avoiding probate for specific assets are priorities, a revocable living trust can still be useful regardless of estate size. It is also worth considering family structure, such as minors or blended families, because trusts provide tailored distribution controls that wills alone may not achieve. A planning conversation helps determine if a trust provides meaningful advantages given the client’s circumstances and long-term goals.
Powers of attorney and advance health care directives are documents that authorize trusted individuals to act on your behalf under specified circumstances. A financial power of attorney allows an appointed agent to manage financial matters, pay bills, and access accounts if you are unable to do so. An advance health care directive records medical preferences and designates a health care agent to make medical decisions consistent with those preferences. These documents operate while you are alive and are essential components of incapacity planning. In California, it is important to execute these documents according to statutory requirements so third parties and medical providers will accept them. Regularly reviewing and updating agents, successor agents, and specific instructions ensures alignment with current relationships and wishes. Clear and compliant documents reduce the need for court intervention and enable your chosen agents to act promptly when necessary.
Funding a trust involves transferring or retitling assets so they are owned by the trust rather than by you individually. Real estate is commonly retitled into the trust via recorded deed changes, while bank and brokerage accounts may be retitled or assigned to the trust. Some assets, such as retirement accounts, typically remain payable to designated beneficiaries but may be coordinated with trust planning. Completing funding steps ensures that assets follow the terms of the trust and helps avoid leaving property subject to probate. Practical funding often requires coordination with banks, title companies, and investment firms, and our office provides guidance and templates to simplify the process. It is important to review beneficiary designations and account titles and to prepare general assignments or certificates of trust for institutions that require documentation of trustee authority. Without proper funding, a trust may not achieve the intended probate avoidance or administrative benefits.
Yes, revocable trusts and wills can generally be changed or revoked during the maker’s lifetime while they have capacity. Amendments to a trust or will are commonly used to reflect changes in family status, financial circumstances, or preferences. For revocable trusts, clients can execute amendments or restatements to modify terms, trustees, or beneficiaries. For wills, codicils or new wills can replace prior versions. It is important to follow legal formalities when making changes to ensure the modifications are valid and enforceable. Because changes can have unintended ripple effects, reviewing the entire plan when making updates helps maintain consistency across documents and beneficiary designations. Our office assists clients with well-drafted amendments and restatements and recommends periodic reviews after life events to confirm that modifications are reflected across all relevant accounts and records, avoiding conflicting instructions or outdated provisions.
Estate planning for a family member with disabilities requires careful coordination so the beneficiary remains eligible for public benefits while also receiving supplemental support. Special needs trusts are one tool used to provide for quality-of-life enhancements without disrupting means-tested benefits. These trusts can hold funds for housing, education, medical needs, and activities that improve well-being, while distributing benefits in a manner that preserves eligibility for programs such as Medi-Cal or SSI. Drafting such trusts requires attention to applicable rules and appropriate trustee selection. Other planning measures can include naming successor agents who understand the beneficiary’s needs, directing life insurance or retirement accounts into trusts that protect benefits, and preparing clear caregiving instructions. Regular review and communication with financial and care providers help ensure that the plan continues to meet the beneficiary’s needs over time and adapts as benefits rules and family circumstances evolve.
When naming guardians for minor children and trustees to manage assets, consider trustworthiness, availability, and their willingness to serve. Guardians oversee the child’s daily care, while trustees manage assets and distribute funds for the child’s benefit. Choosing separate individuals for these roles can be appropriate if different skill sets are required, and naming successors ensures continuity if a primary designee cannot serve. Clear, written guidance about your intentions and the scope of authority helps the appointed parties act consistently with your wishes. It is also wise to discuss your choices with the nominated individuals in advance so they can prepare for the responsibilities. Consider geographic proximity, relationships with the children, fiscal responsibility, and the ability to coordinate with co-caregivers. Including specific distribution instructions and guidelines in trust documents reduces ambiguity and aids trustees in making decisions aligned with the plan’s goals.
Review your estate plan whenever major life events occur, such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, significant asset changes, retirement, or a move to a new state. Even absent a major event, a periodic review every few years is a prudent practice to confirm that documents still reflect current wishes and that appointed agents and beneficiaries remain appropriate. Changes to tax law or probate procedure can also affect the suitability of certain planning strategies, making periodic review valuable for maintaining an effective plan. During reviews, confirm that beneficiary designations, account titles, and trust funding remain aligned with the documents. Updating agents and successor trustees and addressing newly acquired assets prevents inconsistencies that could undermine planning goals. Our office offers routine check-ins and guidance for appropriate updates so clients maintain clear, functional plans over time.
If you die without a will or trust in California, your assets are distributed according to the state’s intestate succession laws, which allocate property to relatives in a predefined order. This outcome may not reflect personal wishes about who should inherit or how assets should be used, and it can lead to greater court involvement, added expense, and delays for heirs. Additionally, minors may not have a named guardian, leaving the court to make determinations that you might have preferred to decide yourself. Probate may be required for assets that do not pass via beneficiary designation or joint ownership, which increases public exposure of estate details and may complicate transfers. Creating at least basic documents such as a will, powers of attorney, and health directive ensures that named individuals act on your behalf during incapacity and that your chosen distribution plan is followed, reducing uncertainty and administrative burdens for your family.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assist with probate and trust administration by guiding fiduciaries through required procedures and paperwork, explaining timelines, and helping with petitions and court filings when necessary. For probates, we provide counsel on filing inventories, creditor notices, and distributions according to wills or intestacy rules. For trust administration, we assist successor trustees with document review, creditor notices, asset gathering, notifications to beneficiaries, and distributions under the trust terms. Our goal is to help fiduciaries meet legal obligations while minimizing delays and confusion. When contested matters arise or when court petitions such as Heggstad filings or trust modifications are needed, we explain available options and represent clients in negotiations or litigation if required. We emphasize clear communication with beneficiaries and aim to resolve issues efficiently through careful documentation and timely action so that fiduciaries can fulfill their duties and carry out the decedent’s or settlor’s intentions.
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