A Heggstad petition can be an important tool for families and trustees who need to confirm that assets were properly transferred into a trust, even when a deed or transfer document was not completed exactly as intended. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serving Johnstonville and surrounding Lassen County, we help clients understand whether a Heggstad petition is appropriate for their situation, what the process looks like in California courts, and what outcomes they can reasonably expect. This overview explains the basics, clarifies common misconceptions, and outlines next steps for those considering this remedy.
Heggstad petitions address gaps between trust funding documents and recorded property title, offering a path to have a court recognize that a transfer into a trust occurred despite technical defects. Petitions are often used when a trustee seeks clear title or when beneficiaries and fiduciaries need a judicial determination to avoid future disputes. This section describes typical circumstances where a petition arises, the evidence courts weigh, and practical considerations for proceeding in Lassen County. Readers will gain a clear sense of how the petition functions within estate planning and trust administration in California.
A Heggstad petition can restore clarity and marketable title when trust funding did not go exactly as intended. By allowing a court to recognize a transfer into a trust despite defects in documentation or recording, a petition protects the interests of trustees and beneficiaries, supports smooth estate administration, and can prevent future litigation over ownership. It can also facilitate the sale or refinancing of property held in trust. For families in Johnstonville and Lassen County, obtaining a judicial determination through a Heggstad petition reduces uncertainty and provides an authoritative resolution when informal correction is not feasible or when title companies require court confirmation.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman in San Jose provides estate planning and trust administration services across California, including assistance with Heggstad petitions in Lassen County. The firm focuses on practical solutions tailored to individual family situations, guiding clients through courthouse procedures, evidentiary requirements, and negotiation with title companies or other parties. Client care emphasizes clear communication, timely filings, and careful assembly of documentation such as deeds, trust instruments, affidavits, and witness statements. The goal is to secure a reliable judicial determination so trustees can carry out their duties with confidence and beneficiaries receive clear property rights.
A Heggstad petition is a judicial remedy used to clarify ownership when property that was intended to be transferred into a trust was never properly conveyed or recorded. California courts will consider evidence showing the transferor intended the property to become trust property, even if a deed was not retitled. Useful evidence can include the trust document, grant deeds, declarations, affidavits from witnesses, correspondence reflecting intent, and actions taken by trustees that are consistent with ownership through the trust. This section explains how those evidentiary threads come together to support a petition and what parties should expect during the court process.
Because a Heggstad petition seeks judicial confirmation rather than a new conveyance, courts focus on whether the transferor manifested intent to transfer the property to the trust and whether the trustee has acted in a manner consistent with ownership. The petition typically asks the court to declare that the trust was the proper owner at the relevant time and to direct the county recorder or title company to reflect that ownership. Understanding these elements helps trustees and beneficiaries determine whether a petition is the appropriate course and what documentation will be necessary to achieve a successful outcome.
A Heggstad petition is a legal request filed in probate or civil court asking a judge to recognize that property intended for a trust is trust property despite defects in the transfer process. It is named after a California case that established circumstances in which such a judicial declaration is appropriate. The proceeding allows a court to examine the trust document, deeds, communications, and actions by the trustee or transferor to determine whether the transfer occurred in substance. A successful petition results in a court order that clarifies title, which can be recorded to resolve disputes and satisfy title companies or buyers.
When evaluating a Heggstad petition, courts typically assess intent to transfer property into the trust, the presence of supporting documents such as deeds and trust instruments, testimony from witnesses, and actions taken by trustees demonstrating control over the property. Judges also consider whether allowing the declaration would unfairly prejudice other parties. Filing requirements include preparing a petition, serving interested parties, and submitting exhibits that collectively tell the factual story. Understanding these procedural and evidentiary steps helps trustees and beneficiaries assemble a persuasive record for the court.
This glossary provides plain-language definitions of terms frequently used in connection with Heggstad petitions and trust administration. Knowing these terms can make the petition process less opaque and help clients provide the right documentation. Entries cover legal concepts like petition, trust funding, deed, trustee duties, recordable instruments, and judicial declaration of ownership. Clear definitions assist trustees, beneficiaries, and other stakeholders in understanding their roles and what evidence is persuasive to a court considering whether to recognize an intended transfer into a trust.
A petition is a formal written request to a court asking for a specific legal ruling or order. In the Heggstad context, the petition asks the court to declare that certain property was effectively transferred into a trust despite defects in paperwork or recording. The petition should explain the factual basis, list interested parties, and include evidence such as copies of the trust document, any deeds, and supporting declarations. Filing a petition initiates judicial review and provides a way to obtain an authoritative resolution when title issues cannot be resolved informally.
A recordable deed is a document prepared and signed to transfer ownership of real property and that can be filed with the county recorder to provide public notice of ownership. In Heggstad matters, courts examine whether a deed was executed or intended to be executed in favor of a trustee or trust and whether any failure to record affects the trust transfer. Sometimes deeds are prepared but not recorded, or deeds are made in a manner that does not perfectly match trust instruments; the petition process evaluates these discrepancies to determine ownership for title purposes.
Trust funding refers to the transfer of assets into a trust so that the trust holds legal title and the trustee can manage those assets for beneficiaries. Funding can involve retitling bank accounts, recording deeds for real estate, and assigning ownership of personal property. Incomplete or imperfect funding is the common reason a Heggstad petition becomes necessary. The petition demonstrates to the court that despite procedural flaws, the transferor intended the asset to be part of the trust and that the trustee has been acting accordingly.
Trustee actions describe the steps a trustee takes while administering trust property, such as paying property taxes, maintaining insurance, making repairs, or managing rental income. Evidence of such actions can be persuasive in a Heggstad petition because they demonstrate possession and control consistent with ownership by the trust. Courts review trustee conduct alongside documentary evidence to determine whether a beneficial ownership transfer to the trust effectively occurred despite any defects in formal conveyancing.
When trust funding problems arise, trustees can evaluate informal solutions, like correcting or re-executing deeds and obtaining title company endorsements, against filing a Heggstad petition for judicial confirmation. Informal correction may be quicker and less costly when all parties agree and title companies will cooperate. By contrast, a Heggstad petition provides a definitive legal determination, which can be necessary when parties disagree, property has changed hands, or title insurers require a court order. This comparison helps trustees decide which path balances cost, timing, and the need for certainty in their particular situation.
If all interested parties, including successors and potential beneficiaries, agree that property should belong to a trust and are willing to sign corrective documents, informal resolution can resolve title issues without court involvement. Title companies sometimes accept corrective deeds or affidavits when parties cooperate, which can allow for sale or refinancing without the delay of a court petition. This path typically requires full disclosure, accurate paperwork, and a title company willing to issue clear title based on the corrected instruments and accompanying affidavits or declarations.
In certain cases a title company will accept documentation compiled by a trustee and issue title insurance or clearance endorsements that allow property transactions to proceed. When this occurs, the trustee can avoid court procedures and associated costs. Acceptance often hinges on the strength of the documentary record, such as original deeds, trust instruments, and consistent evidence of trustee actions. Trustees should work closely with a title professional and counsel to determine whether the title company is satisfied and whether additional documentation can prevent the need for judicial intervention.
A Heggstad petition is often necessary when parties dispute whether a transfer occurred or when key documents are missing or incomplete. Courts will resolve whether the transferor intended the property to become part of the trust, which requires a careful presentation of evidence and legal argument. When title is contested, or when beneficiaries disagree about ownership or distribution, filing a petition provides an authoritative resolution that protects trustees and beneficiaries alike and prevents future contests to the title or administration of trust assets.
Sometimes lenders, buyers, or title insurers insist on a court order to clear title before a sale or refinance can proceed. In those situations, a Heggstad petition provides the documentation required to satisfy transactional parties. The court order can then be recorded to align the public record with the trust’s intended ownership, enabling transactions to move forward. Filing a petition in these circumstances can be the most reliable way to secure marketable title and facilitate financial or real estate planning objectives tied to trust property.
Filing a Heggstad petition yields a judicial determination that clarifies ownership and resolves uncertainties that could otherwise lead to disputed claims or title defects. The court order gives trustees a strong, recordable basis to manage, sell, or refinance trust property with fewer obstacles and reduces the risk of future litigation over ownership. For families and fiduciaries in Johnstonville, securing such a ruling can provide long-term certainty and protect both trustee duties and beneficiary interests by making the ownership status legally clear and enforceable.
In addition to producing clear title, a comprehensive approach to filing a Heggstad petition helps assemble a thorough evidentiary record that can clarify ambiguous situations and prevent recurring disputes. The process encourages careful documentation and disclosure, including gathering deeds, trust instruments, witness statements, and correspondence that explain the transferor’s intent. That diligence not only supports the petition itself but also strengthens trust administration practices going forward, reducing the likelihood of similar issues in future estate or trust transactions.
A central advantage of a Heggstad petition is securing a definitive court ruling: a judge can declare that property was effectively held by the trust, allowing the record to be updated accordingly. That judicial determination serves as a strong defense against subsequent claims or challenges, giving trustees and beneficiaries a reliable foundation for transactions and administration. When clear title is needed for sale, refinance, or transfer, the court order resolves ambiguity and provides a path forward that informal measures may not offer.
By obtaining a judicial declaration, trustees can reduce the risk of future disputes among heirs or third parties who might contest ownership. A court’s order creates a public record confirming the trust’s title and clarifies the legal basis for actions taken by trustees. Reducing uncertainty encourages smoother administration and helps assure potential buyers and lenders that the property can be transacted with minimal risk. Clearing these issues early can preserve family relationships and conserve resources that might otherwise be consumed in protracted conflicts.
Collecting complete documentation at the outset can significantly streamline a Heggstad petition. Important materials include the original or executed trust instrument, any deeds or attempted conveyances, correspondence that evidences intent, records of trustee actions such as tax payments or insurance coverage, and statements from witnesses who can attest to the transferor’s intent. Early organization reduces delays and strengthens the petition’s factual presentation. A thorough paper trail helps the court understand the circumstances and increases the likelihood of a timely, favorable resolution in the trust administration process.
Successful petitions require assembling evidence that shows intent and conduct consistent with trust ownership. Anticipate the need for declarations from trustees or witnesses, copies of deeds, documentation of payments or maintenance, and any correspondence indicating transfer intent. Preparing a clear timeline and organizing exhibits will facilitate filings and courtroom presentation. Courts assess the totality of evidence, so consistency and detail matter. Being prepared for evidentiary requirements reduces surprises during the proceeding and helps present a compelling case in support of a judicial declaration of trust ownership.
Trustees and beneficiaries should consider a Heggstad petition when informal correction is not possible, when title companies require a court order to insure a transaction, or when documents are missing and ownership needs official clarification. A petition can provide legal certainty that supports sales, refinances, and estate administration. It also resolves lingering doubts about asset ownership that could lead to disputes between heirs. For property held in trust in Johnstonville, filing a petition offers a structured legal pathway to align the public record with the trust transferor’s intentions.
Beyond immediate transactional needs, a Heggstad petition can protect against future litigation by creating a clear court record of ownership. This can be particularly important when properties are valuable, were subject to incomplete transfer steps, or when family members disagree about how assets should be held. The process also compels careful documentation, which benefits ongoing trust administration. Considering a petition proactively can save time, reduce uncertainty, and help trustees fulfill fiduciary duties responsibly while preserving beneficiaries’ interests.
Typical circumstances prompting a Heggstad petition include missing or improperly recorded deeds, transfers where the grantor intended the trust to own property but paperwork was not completed, disputes among heirs about title, and situations where buyers or lenders will not proceed without a court order. Other triggers include post-mortem discoveries that certain assets were not properly conveyed into an inter vivos trust and inconsistencies between trust instruments and recorded records. Recognizing these scenarios early helps trustees decide between informal correction and a judicial route.
When deeds intended to transfer property into a trust were not recorded, were executed incorrectly, or contain errors, the public record will not reflect the trust’s ownership. This discrepancy can impede sales, refinancing, or administration because title companies may hesitate to insure without clearer proof. A Heggstad petition allows a court to evaluate the intention behind the transfer and provide an order that resolves the recording defect. This judicial confirmation can then be used to update records and facilitate future transactions involving the property.
Disagreements among heirs or beneficiaries about whether certain property belonged to the trust can stall trust administration and generate legal uncertainty. When parties present competing versions of events or documentation is incomplete, a Heggstad petition lets the court assess the evidence and issue a determination. That resolution prevents recurring disputes and provides trustees with the authority to manage or distribute trust assets in accordance with the court’s findings, helping to protect the rights of all involved while moving administration forward.
Lenders and title companies sometimes insist on a court order before approving a sale or refinance where trust funding documents are defective or missing. Without an order, they may decline to insure title or fund a loan. In those situations, a Heggstad petition is often the most practical path to secure the necessary clearance. The court’s declaration can be recorded to satisfy underwriting requirements, enabling transactions that would otherwise be delayed or denied and ensuring that trust property can be leveraged or transferred when needed.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides guidance for clients in Johnstonville and Lassen County who face trust funding issues that may require a Heggstad petition. We assist with gathering documentation, preparing and filing petitions, coordinating service of process, and presenting the evidence needed to achieve a court declaration. Local representation helps ensure filings comply with county procedures and that hearings are scheduled efficiently. Trustees and beneficiaries benefit from attentive support that focuses on resolving title issues while minimizing delays and unnecessary expense.
Clients work with the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman for careful guidance through trust funding challenges and Heggstad petitions because the firm emphasizes pragmatic solutions and clear communication. The firm assists clients in assembling documentary evidence, preparing declarations, and navigating court rules and deadlines. Attention to detail during preparation and filing reduces the risk of procedural setbacks and enhances the likelihood of a timely resolution. For trustees and beneficiaries in Johnstonville, that approach supports an orderly administration of trust assets and helps secure the desired title outcome.
The firm coordinates with title companies, lenders, and other stakeholders as needed to determine whether informal corrections are feasible or whether a petition is required. When negotiation is possible, alternative approaches can save time and expense. When court action is necessary, the firm prepares a clear and organized petition packet, helps identify and prepare witnesses, and manages service and filings to meet statutory requirements. This comprehensive preparation helps courts understand the transferor’s intent and the trustee’s actions, improving the prospects for a favorable ruling.
Throughout the process, clients receive regular communication about case status, anticipated timelines, and strategic options. The firm prioritizes practical and timely resolutions that protect the legal and financial interests of trustees and beneficiaries. Whether a matter can be resolved through documentation and title company cooperation or requires judicial determination, clients are supported with thoughtful planning aimed at reducing risk and moving administration toward a definitive conclusion that aligns the property record with the trust’s intent.
Our approach to Heggstad petitions begins with a thorough intake to identify documents, interested parties, and potential obstacles. We review trust instruments, deeds, and records of trustee actions to build a factual narrative. After evaluating whether informal correction is reasonable, we prepare the petition, assemble exhibits, and coordinate service on all necessary parties. If the case proceeds to hearing, we file required declarations and present the evidence in court. The objective is to obtain a clear and recordable court order that resolves title questions and allows trustees to proceed with administration or transactions.
The initial phase involves collecting and reviewing all relevant trust documents and property records to assess the strength of a potential petition. We identify missing elements, obtain copies of deeds, and obtain affidavits or declarations from those with relevant knowledge. This stage includes discussions with title companies and interested parties to explore nonjudicial remedies. A careful evaluation at the outset clarifies whether a Heggstad petition is needed and informs strategy, which may include attempts to secure title company cooperation or preparing a petition for judicial review if informal methods are not feasible.
We help clients locate critical records such as trust instruments, grant deeds, canceled checks, insurance records, and correspondence that reflect the transferor’s intent. Identifying witnesses who can testify to the intent and actions surrounding the transfer is also essential. These witnesses may include family members, attorneys, or professionals who assisted with trust administration. By documenting each piece of evidence early, we can organize a coherent narrative for the petition and anticipate questions or objections that might arise during court review.
Before filing a petition, we explore whether the issue can be resolved without court intervention by negotiating corrective deeds or working with title companies to accept affidavits or endorsements. When parties are cooperative and a title insurer is willing to proceed, these alternatives can save time and expense. Our assessment weighs the risks and benefits of informal correction versus a petition, considering likely timelines, costs, and the need for a definitive legal finding depending on the complexity and contested nature of the issue.
If filing is necessary, we prepare the petition, compile exhibits, and file with the appropriate court in the county where the property is located. Proper service of the petition and related documents on all interested parties is critical to ensure the court can act on the request. This step includes drafting declarations to support factual assertions and ensuring procedural compliance with notice requirements. Timely and correct filings reduce the likelihood of delays and help the court address the matter on a clear factual record.
We draft a petition that outlines the intended transfer, attaches the trust instrument and any deeds or attempted transfers, and includes declarations from trustees and witnesses. Exhibits are organized to present a chronological narrative and to highlight actions that demonstrate trust ownership, such as tax payments or maintenance. Attention to clarity and completeness in the filing helps the judge and opposing parties understand the basis for the requested declaration and streamlines the court’s review of the merits.
Service of process on all interested parties is necessary to provide notice and to allow the court to consider objections or responses. We coordinate proper service, prepare proofs of service, and monitor deadlines for responsive pleadings. Ensuring that all potentially affected parties receive notice prevents procedural challenges and supports a final order that is less vulnerable to attack. This attention to procedural detail contributes to a smoother path to resolution once the petition is filed.
After filing and service, the court will schedule a hearing where the parties can present evidence and argument. We prepare declarations and organize exhibits for courtroom presentation and respond to any objections raised by interested parties. If the court finds that the trust transfer was intended and supported by evidence, it will issue an order declaring ownership that can be recorded. That recorded order aligns the public record with the trust transferor’s intent and allows trustees to proceed with transactions or administration with greater certainty.
At the hearing, we present a clear factual narrative using documentary exhibits and witness declarations to show the transferor’s intent and the trustee’s conduct. The focus is on demonstrating that, despite procedural defects, the substance of the transfer placed the property into the trust. We address any opposing arguments and clarify legal standards for the court. A well-prepared presentation improves the likelihood of a favorable ruling and helps the judge determine whether a declaration of trust ownership is warranted under the circumstances.
Once the court issues an order recognizing the trust as owner, we assist clients in recording the order with the county recorder and communicating the outcome to title companies, lenders, or other interested parties. Recording the order corrects the public record and enables sales, refinances, or transfers to proceed. We also advise trustees on next steps for trust administration to prevent future issues, including updating trust funding records and ensuring that documentation supports the trust’s ownership of all relevant assets.
A Heggstad petition is a court request asking a judge to declare that property was effectively transferred into a trust even when a deed or recording is imperfect. The petition explains the factual basis for the claim, attaches copies of relevant trust instruments and deeds, and presents witness declarations or other evidence showing the transferor intended the trust to hold the property. It is typically filed when an informal correction is impractical or when title companies, lenders, or other parties require a judicial determination to proceed with transactions or administration. Filing is appropriate when there are gaps between the trust documentation and the public record, missing deeds, or disputes about whether the trust owned the property. The petition provides a reliable judicial path to clear the title and align the public record with the trust’s intent, which may be necessary to facilitate sales, refinancing, or routine trust administration in jurisdictions like Lassen County.
The timeline for a Heggstad petition varies depending on case complexity, court schedules, and whether there are contested responses. In many cases, initial filing and service can be completed within a matter of weeks, but obtaining a hearing and final order may take several months. If interested parties contest the petition, additional briefing or hearings can extend the timeline. Local court calendars and procedural requirements in Lassen County will influence the pace of the matter. Proactive preparation, including thorough documentation and early communication with title companies or interested parties, can shorten delays. When parties are cooperative or when the factual record is strong and undisputed, courts can reach a decision more quickly. Conversely, contested matters naturally require more time to resolve, so expectations should be set accordingly at the outset.
Courts consider whether the transferor intended to transfer the property into the trust, the presence and content of deeds and trust instruments, and corroborating evidence such as correspondence, canceled checks, tax payments, insurance records, and declarations from witnesses. Trustee actions that demonstrate control over the property, like paying expenses and maintaining the premises, are also relevant to showing the trust effectively held the asset. The totality of the evidence is evaluated rather than relying on any single document in isolation. Judges assess credibility and consistency among the documents and testimony, looking for a clear narrative that supports the claimed transfer. Evidence that aligns chronologically and demonstrates behavior consistent with ownership by the trust is particularly persuasive. Preparing a well-organized set of exhibits and clear witness statements helps the court understand the factual circumstances supporting the petition.
Yes, a favorable Heggstad order can resolve title issues that block a sale or refinance by providing a recorded court order that clarifies ownership. Title companies and lenders often require definitive documentation before issuing title insurance or funding a loan. Recording the court order aligns the public record with the trust’s ownership, which enables transactions to proceed with less risk of future challenges. This makes the petition a practical solution when informal corrective measures are unavailable or ineffective. However, the process takes time and requires sufficient evidentiary support to persuade the court. Parties considering a sale or refinance should evaluate whether the potential transaction timeline allows for court proceedings and should work with counsel and title professionals to determine the most efficient path to clear title while protecting financial interests.
Interested parties, which can include beneficiaries, heirs, and other individuals with a potential interest in the property, generally must be given notice of the petition so they have the opportunity to respond. Proper notice is a procedural requirement designed to protect due process rights and ensure any objections are heard by the court. Identifying all affected parties early helps prevent procedural challenges that could delay resolution and ensures the court’s order will be effective and enforceable. In many cases beneficiaries participate indirectly through counsel or by filing responses if they object. When parties do not object or when their interests are adequately addressed, the court can proceed to rule based on the presented evidence. Clear notice and an opportunity to be heard are central features of the petition process that preserve fairness while resolving title questions.
Alternatives to filing a Heggstad petition include attempting informal correction through corrective deeds, obtaining affidavits that support the intended transfer, or working with a title company to obtain an endorsement or clearance. When all interested parties agree and necessary signatures can be obtained, these alternatives can be faster and less costly than court proceedings. Title companies sometimes accept documentary evidence and corrective instruments in cases where the record can be reconciled without judicial intervention. That said, these solutions depend on cooperation from all interested parties and willingness from the title insurer to accept nonjudicial remedies. When parties disagree, documents are missing, or a title insurer requires a court order, a Heggstad petition becomes the most reliable path to obtain a recorded, enforceable resolution of ownership that satisfies lenders and buyers.
Yes, after the court issues a Heggstad order declaring that the trust owned the property as of a specified date, that order can be recorded with the county recorder to update the public record. Recording the order provides constructive notice to third parties and aligns official records with the court’s determination. This recorded order is the mechanism by which the court’s decision produces a marketable title that can be used for sales, refinancing, or other transactions involving the property. Recording also helps prevent future disputes by creating a clear, accessible legal record of the court’s finding. It is important to coordinate recording with title companies and counsel to ensure that the recorded order meets local recording requirements and achieves the intended effect for the transaction at hand.
A Heggstad petition can be filed after the transferor has died, particularly when property was intended for a trust but was not properly conveyed during the transferor’s lifetime. In such cases, the petition asks the court to recognize that the decedent intended the property to be part of the trust and that the trustee or successors should hold title accordingly. Probate rules and notice requirements may apply, and the court will consider documentary evidence and postmortem actions that indicate the decedent’s intent. Because post-death petitions may intersect with probate matters, timing and procedural coordination can be important. Counsel can advise on the appropriate court forum and how to present evidence effectively when dealing with a decedent’s estate and trust administration issues after death.
Potential objections to a Heggstad petition typically challenge whether the transferor truly intended the property to be held by the trust or whether the documentary record supports such a finding. Objectors may argue that deeds were not properly executed, that signatures were forged, or that the trustee’s actions do not reflect ownership. Another objection could be that allowing the petition would harm third parties or creditors. Courts weigh these objections against the totality of evidence presented by the petitioner. Addressing objections requires careful preparation of documentary and testimonial evidence that corroborates intent and trustee conduct. Demonstrating consistent behavior, such as payment of taxes or insurance by the trustee, and presenting credible witness statements helps overcome common challenges. Clear organization of exhibits and legal argument focused on applicable standards will assist the court in resolving objections.
Costs for pursuing a Heggstad petition vary depending on the complexity of the factual record, the number of interested parties, and whether the petition is contested. Expenses can include court filing fees, service and publication costs, title company charges, and professional fees for legal preparation and court appearances. Simple, uncontested matters with cooperative parties and strong documentary support tend to cost less than contested cases that require extensive discovery or multiple hearings. Discussing anticipated costs with counsel early in the process helps trustees and beneficiaries set realistic expectations and explore cost-saving alternatives when appropriate. Fee arrangements can sometimes be tailored to the matter, and proactive document gathering and negotiation may reduce the overall expense by narrowing contested issues before filing.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas