Guardianship nominations are an essential part of a thoughtful estate plan for parents and caregivers who want to ensure their children or dependents are cared for by people they trust. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we help residents of Canoga Park and Los Angeles County understand how a nomination works, what decisions it affects, and how to structure documents so your wishes are clear. Creating a nomination now avoids uncertainty later and gives you confidence that courts and family members will have clear guidance about your preferences for guardianship if the need arises.
This guide explains key considerations for choosing guardians and preparing the necessary estate planning documents in California, and it describes how the nomination fits with trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and health directives. Our approach is practical and focused on outcomes: ensuring guardianship nominations align with your family dynamics, financial arrangements, and long-term plans for dependent care. Whether you are starting an estate plan or updating existing documents, this information will help you make informed decisions about who should care for your children or dependents and how to communicate those decisions clearly.
Naming a guardian protects children and dependents by clarifying your preferences before a crisis occurs, reducing conflict and delay if a court must appoint someone. A clear nomination supports continuity of care, helps preserve financial stability by coordinating with trusts and pour-over wills, and provides direction for healthcare and education decisions during a transition. For blended families and families with special needs or pets, a properly drafted nomination anticipates unique care needs and directs resources accordingly. Thoughtful planning also eases emotional burdens on relatives and provides a framework for guardians to act promptly and in the dependent’s best interests.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves California families with estate planning that includes guardianship nominations, wills, trusts, and related documents. We focus on clear legal drafting, careful coordination among estate instruments, and practical advice tailored to family circumstances. Our goal is to help clients in Canoga Park and throughout Los Angeles County put plans in place that work when they are needed. We prioritize straightforward communication, thorough review of family and financial situations, and drafting that minimizes future court involvement and uncertainty for the people you care about most.
A guardianship nomination is a legally recognized expression of your preference for who should be appointed guardian of your minor children or incapacitated dependents. In California, a nomination included in a will or other estate planning document can guide the court’s decision and can be especially influential when the nominated person is able and willing to serve. The nomination should be clear, identify alternates, and be coordinated with financial and healthcare documents so the nominated guardian can manage both personal care and financial responsibilities until a formal arrangement through a trust or court appointment takes effect.
Preparing an effective nomination involves evaluating potential guardians’ availability, location, values, parenting approaches, and relationships with the child or dependent. You should consider logistical factors such as housing, employment, and the guardian’s willingness to assume responsibilities. The nomination works best when supported by documents that make financial resources available to the guardian if needed, such as a trust, pour-over will, or designated accounts. Clear instructions and conversations with nominated guardians reduce the chance of contested proceedings and make transitions smoother for children and dependents.
A guardianship nomination is a statement within estate planning documents that names the person or persons you would like to serve as guardian for your minor children or dependents in the event you are unable to care for them. While a court ultimately appoints a guardian, a properly prepared nomination helps the court understand and respect your preference. The nomination should name primary and alternate guardians, specify any limitations or conditions you want imposed, and be coordinated with trust arrangements and wills to ensure resources and instructions are available to the guardian once appointed.
An effective nomination identifies primary and alternate guardians, explains the rationale for choices, and includes contact and background information so the court can locate and vet the nominees. It should also coordinate with financial instruments like trusts and pour-over wills so the guardian has access to funds for the child’s care. Advance healthcare directives and powers of attorney do not appoint guardians but should be aligned with guardianship nominations. Periodic review and updates are important as family circumstances, relationships, and laws change over time to ensure the nomination remains appropriate and effective.
Understanding common terms helps you make informed decisions when preparing guardianship nominations. This glossary explains terms you will encounter in planning documents and court proceedings, such as nomination, guardian, conservator, pour-over will, trust, and powers of attorney. Clear definitions reduce confusion and help you choose the right documents and provisions. Use this section as a quick reference when reviewing your plan or discussing nominations with family members and legal counsel to ensure everyone understands roles, responsibilities, and how different instruments work together.
A nomination is the named preference in your estate planning documents for who should be appointed guardian of your minor children or dependents if you become unable to care for them. The nomination typically appears in a will or separate document and should identify primary and alternate nominees. While a nomination is not always binding on a court, it informs judicial decisions and often carries significant weight when the nominee is qualified and willing to serve. Including a nomination reduces uncertainty and helps direct post-crisis decision-making in line with your wishes.
A guardian is responsible for the personal and daily care of a minor child or incapacitated person, making decisions about education, healthcare, and day-to-day welfare. A conservator oversees financial matters for an incapacitated adult or a minor’s estate and manages assets to support care. In many family scenarios, both roles may be needed and coordinated. Estate planning documents and court orders should clarify whether one person will serve both roles or separate individuals will handle personal and financial responsibilities, ensuring cohesive care and proper management of resources.
A pour-over will directs assets not previously transferred to a trust to be transferred into the trust after death, ensuring the trust becomes the vehicle for long-term asset management and distributions. In guardianship planning, a pour-over will can ensure funds intended to support a child’s needs end up in the trust controlled by the trustee for the child’s benefit. This coordination between will, trust, and guardianship nominations helps provide financial stability and a legal mechanism for a guardian or trustee to access and manage funds responsibly for the dependent’s care.
A trust is a legal arrangement that holds assets for beneficiaries and is managed by a trustee according to the trust’s terms. Trusts are commonly used in guardianship planning to provide ongoing financial support for children or dependents, specify distribution rules, and limit how funds are used. Types such as revocable living trusts, irrevocable life insurance trusts, and special needs trusts offer different benefits and protections. Properly structured trusts work with guardianship nominations to ensure that nominated guardians and trustees have the resources they need to care for dependents.
When planning guardianship arrangements, you can choose a limited approach that names a guardian and leaves most financial arrangements unchanged, or a comprehensive approach that coordinates nominations with trusts, wills, healthcare directives, and financial accounts. A limited plan is quicker and less costly to prepare and may be appropriate for straightforward family situations. A comprehensive plan provides stronger long-term protection and financial structure, which is particularly valuable for more complex families, blended households, or where dependents have special needs or where significant assets must be managed for a child’s upbringing.
A limited guardianship plan can be sufficient when family relationships are stable, assets are minimal or easily accessible, and the named guardian lives nearby and is willing to assume care without complex funding arrangements. In such situations, a clear nomination and a basic will can provide necessary direction with minimal drafting. This approach often meets the needs of young families who want to name guardians and provide simple guidance without establishing trusts or transferring significant assets. Periodic review is still recommended to confirm the plan remains aligned with changing circumstances.
A limited approach may work where there is family consensus about guardianship and financial support is readily available from existing accounts or life insurance proceeds that do not require trust administration. When nominated guardians are prepared to manage the child’s care and there are no complex custody or financial issues, a streamlined nomination can reduce cost and administrative steps. Even in simple cases, it is beneficial to document your reasons and provide contact information, medical preferences, and alternate choices to reduce disputes and facilitate a smooth transition if guardianship becomes necessary.
Comprehensive planning coordinates guardianship nominations with trusts, powers of attorney, healthcare directives, and beneficiary designations to ensure dependable long-term care and financial support for dependents. This approach is particularly important when significant assets, special needs, or complex family arrangements are involved. A comprehensive plan anticipates future needs, sets rules for distributions, and can limit court intervention by establishing clear mechanisms for trustees and guardians to work together. It also reduces friction among family members by specifying roles, responsibilities, and funding sources to support the guardian’s duties.
A more complete plan is beneficial when there are blended families, potential custody disputes, or dependents with special healthcare or financial needs. Comprehensive documents create a clear roadmap for guardians and trustees, help preserve benefits for beneficiaries with special needs, and can prevent costly court proceedings. By documenting your decisions and aligning legal instruments, you decrease the likelihood of contested guardianship appointments and give courts a cohesive plan to implement, which helps protect the well-being of children and dependents in emotionally challenging situations.
A comprehensive guardianship plan offers stability by combining nominations with financial structures like trusts and pour-over wills to ensure resources are available to the appointed guardian. This approach clarifies parental intent, reduces ambiguity for courts, and supports consistent care and financial management for minors and dependents. It also helps preserve public benefits where relevant and enables trustees to manage assets in ways that support long-term goals. Overall, a comprehensive plan reduces stress on families and provides a practical framework for seamless care transitions when needed.
Comprehensive planning also enables tailored solutions such as special needs trusts, pet trusts, or life insurance arrangements that support specific care requirements. By addressing potential future scenarios and designating alternates and contingency plans, parents can avoid delays and disputes that often arise when a guardian must be appointed without clear guidance. Proper coordination among estate planning documents ensures that guardians have not only legal authority but also the financial tools necessary to carry out responsibilities effectively and in the child’s best interest.
When documents such as trusts and pour-over wills are integrated with a nomination, the guardian has a clearer path to accessing funds for the child’s care, education, and healthcare. Planning for life insurance, retirement plan trusts, and designated accounts prevents gaps in support and reduces the need for immediate court-managed conservatorships. This financial forethought offers peace of mind that nominated guardians can make timely decisions backed by resources, allowing them to focus on children’s emotional and practical needs during a difficult transition rather than on emergency financial arrangements.
A comprehensive plan that clearly states your preferences and aligns legal instruments reduces the likelihood of family disputes and contested guardianship proceedings. Clear nominations, alternate choices, and coordinated financial arrangements give courts and relatives a roadmap to follow, which fosters cooperation and preserves relationships during stressful times. The result is a smoother transition for children and dependents, who benefit from continuity of care and reduced instability, and for families, who gain clarity about roles, responsibilities, and the legal mechanisms that support the guardian’s caregiving duties.
Before formally naming someone as a guardian, have open conversations to confirm their willingness, availability, and comfort with the responsibilities involved. Discuss living arrangements, education preferences, and basic caregiving philosophies so your selection aligns with your values. These conversations reduce surprises later and allow you to assess whether the nominee’s circumstances are likely to remain stable. Also identify alternate nominees and document your reasons for choices to provide helpful context for courts and family members in the event your nomination must be considered.
Family dynamics and circumstances change over time, so review your guardianship nomination periodically or after major life events such as marriage, divorce, relocation, or the birth of additional children. Regular updates ensure the nominated persons remain appropriate and that any financial or legal arrangements continue to align with current needs. Updating documents also offers the opportunity to confirm nominees remain willing and to revise distribution plans, trustee assignments, and other provisions that affect the guardian’s ability to care for dependents effectively.
Including a guardianship nomination addresses who will care for your minor children or dependents if you are unable to do so, offering clarity and reducing court delays. A nomination helps prevent disputes among relatives and gives you the chance to choose someone who shares your values and parenting intentions, while alternate nominees provide contingencies. This planning step fits naturally into a broader estate plan that includes trusts and wills, providing a legal structure that supports the guardian’s responsibilities and helps ensure continuity in the child’s living arrangements, schooling, and healthcare.
Guardianship nominations also support prudent financial planning by enabling coordination with trusts, life insurance, and beneficiary designations to maintain the child’s standard of living. When dependents have special medical or educational needs, nominations linked with special needs trusts or retirement plan trusts preserve benefits and provide tailored support. Overall, naming a guardian delivers peace of mind, reduces the likelihood of contentious proceedings, and creates a practical blueprint so that the people you entrust with care can act quickly and confidently when the need arises.
Life changes including the birth of a child, family health concerns, blended family arrangements, or the presence of a dependent with special needs are common reasons to prepare a guardianship nomination. Travel or occupational risks that could temporarily or permanently limit parental care also make nominations prudent. Even if immediate risks seem low, naming guardians now avoids uncertainty later and provides clear instruction for courts and relatives. Preparing a nomination as part of a full estate plan ensures that guardianship, financial support, and healthcare directives are coordinated for the dependent’s long-term welfare.
Young families with one or more minor children often benefit from having a formal guardianship nomination to ensure parental preferences are honored if parents are incapacitated or pass away. Naming a guardian and alternate(s) reduces the likelihood of disputes and provides courts with direct guidance. Combining the nomination with trusts and beneficiary planning helps make resources available to care for the child’s needs, including education and medical care. Taking these steps early protects children and supports guardians who may need financial authority during a transition.
Families caring for a dependent with special needs require planning that balances guardianship nominations with trusts designed to preserve public benefits and provide for long-term care. Special needs trusts and appropriate beneficiary designations help maintain eligibility for benefits while ensuring funds are available for supplemental needs. Nominating guardians familiar with specific medical and educational requirements and coordinating directions among legal documents helps secure continuity of care and avoids interruptions in services, making these planning steps particularly important for families with ongoing healthcare or support needs.
Blended families can face higher risks of disagreement about guardianship choices; formal nominations reduce ambiguity and document parental intent. Coordinating nominations with trusts and explicit instructions about the child’s living arrangements, education preferences, and cultural or religious values helps preserve continuity of care in complex family structures. Including alternates and providing a clear rationale for selections can ease tensions and give courts a concise plan to follow, promoting stability and minimizing conflict during emotionally difficult circumstances.
Residents of Canoga Park and nearby neighborhoods in Los Angeles County can rely on local legal guidance to prepare or update guardianship nominations that reflect family values and practical needs. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman offers clear, client-focused planning that integrates nominations with wills, trusts, and health directives so appointed guardians have both authority and resources. We help clients document preferences, select alternates, and coordinate financial provisions, so families are prepared and dependents are supported in the event of incapacity or death.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assists families in creating guardianship nominations that are tied to practical funding and care plans. We focus on clear documents that courts and relatives can follow, and on preparing trusts and wills that provide the financial tools guardians need. Our team listens to family priorities, explains options in plain language, and helps clients document their preferences so transitions are less disruptive. We work with life insurance, retirement plan trusts, and special needs arrangements to ensure a comprehensive plan that supports long-term needs.
We understand the sensitivity of naming guardians and the importance of aligning legal instruments to protect children and dependents. Our services include reviewing family circumstances, advising on guardian and alternate selections, and drafting coordinated documents such as pour-over wills, revocable living trusts, and Heggstad or trust modification petitions when needed. We help clients prepare clear instructions for health care and finances so nominated guardians can act promptly and responsibly while preserving the dependent’s best interests and access to necessary resources.
Clients in Canoga Park benefit from practical planning aimed at minimizing court interference and administrative delay. We provide guidance on funding strategies, trustee selection, and documentation that supports guardianship nominations. Whether updating an existing plan or beginning estate planning, our goal is to create a roadmap that gives you confidence and provides your loved ones with a clear plan of action, reducing stress for family members who may be called on to care for your dependents.
Our process begins with a detailed intake to understand family relationships, dependent needs, and financial resources, followed by recommendations on nominations and supporting instruments such as trusts, pour-over wills, and powers of attorney. We draft clear, coordinated documents, review them with you, and suggest practical steps for implementation and periodic review. If court action becomes necessary, we prepare the required filings and support nominated guardians with documentation. Throughout, we emphasize communication and practical planning to make transitions as smooth as possible for your family.
In the initial phase we assess family structure, dependent needs, financial assets, and your goals for guardianship, including preferences for primary and alternate nominees. This assessment identifies where trusts, beneficiary designations, or life insurance are needed to support a guardian and whether special provisions are required for dependents with unique medical or educational needs. We also discuss practical arrangements such as preferred schools, religious considerations, and desired living locations so the nomination aligns with your priorities and reduces uncertainty for decision-makers.
We help you evaluate potential guardians based on availability, values, and ability to provide long-term care, and we discuss alternate nominees to provide contingency planning. This involves conversations about logistics, financial circumstances, and the nominee’s willingness to assume responsibilities. Documenting these assessments and the reasons for your choices helps courts and family members understand your intent and reduces the likelihood of disputes when the nomination needs to be acted upon.
Part of the first step is reviewing existing financial resources, life insurance policies, retirement accounts, and potential trust funding to determine how a guardian will be supported. Where necessary, we recommend setting up trusts or changing beneficiary designations to ensure funds are accessible in a timely manner. This planning helps avoid gaps in support and clarifies who will manage funds for the child’s care while balancing preservation of benefits for special needs dependents when applicable.
After identifying guardians and funding strategies, we draft the nomination language and related estate planning instruments to ensure consistency and legal clarity. Documents are prepared to coordinate guardianship nominations with revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, health care directives, and any specialized trusts needed for dependents. This coordination reduces ambiguity and provides a cohesive plan so named guardians and trustees can implement your wishes with the authority and resources necessary for proper care.
We prepare nomination language for inclusion in a will or a standalone document, naming primary and alternate guardians and specifying preferences and conditions where appropriate. Will provisions such as pour-over clauses are drafted so that assets not already in trust are directed to the trust for ongoing management. These measures ensure that guardians have legal guidance and that financial resources are funneled to the appropriate vehicle for long-term support.
Where beneficial, we create revocable living trusts, special needs trusts, or irrevocable life insurance trusts to preserve assets and support dependents. Trustees and funding mechanisms are selected to work with the nominated guardian, providing oversight and distribution rules that match your objectives. Clear trustee instructions and coordinated beneficiary designations protect assets and help trustees and guardians collaborate effectively for the child’s benefit.
Once documents are drafted, we guide you through proper execution, signing, and witnessing to ensure legal validity, and we recommend steps for distribution of copies to nominated guardians and family members. We provide a schedule for periodic review to update nominations and related documents after major life changes. If a nomination leads to court proceedings, we assist with filings and provide documentation to support the guardian’s appointment and access to funds, helping to minimize delays and administrative burdens on families during difficult times.
After execution, we advise on who should receive copies of the nomination, trusts, and health directives and on how to communicate your choices to nominated guardians and alternates. Clear communication reduces confusion and prepares the nominees for potential responsibilities. We also provide guidance on storing original documents and ensuring trusted family members or financial institutions know how to access them if needed.
We recommend reviewing guardianship nominations and accompanying documents every few years or after major events such as marriage, divorce, relocation, or the arrival of additional children. Reviews keep nominations current and ensure financial arrangements remain aligned with family needs. Updates help prevent unintended consequences and maintain the clarity of your wishes, allowing nominated guardians and trustees to act confidently and in the dependent’s best interests when the time comes.
A guardianship nomination is a formal statement within your estate planning documents that names the person you prefer to be appointed guardian for your minor children or dependents. While the court has the final authority to appoint a guardian, a clear and well-drafted nomination strongly informs judicial decisions and can significantly influence the appointment if the nominee is suitable and willing to serve. Including primary and alternate choices and providing context about your decisions helps courts understand your intent and can reduce uncertainty for family members. The nomination should be coordinated with supporting documents such as a will, trusts, and financial arrangements so that a guardian has both the legal recognition and the resources needed to care for a dependent. Proper execution and periodic review of the nomination maintain its effectiveness. Discussing the nomination with potential guardians ahead of time improves readiness and decreases the likelihood of contested proceedings when the nomination must be acted upon.
Yes, you can and should name alternate guardians in addition to a primary choice. Alternate nominations provide a contingency plan if the primary person is unavailable, unwilling, or otherwise unable to serve when the time comes. Having alternates reduces the need for court intervention to identify a substitute and gives your family a clear sequence to follow. It is helpful to include contact details and basic reasons for your choices so the court and family members understand the logic behind your selection. When naming multiple guardians, consider geographic proximity, lifestyle, parenting styles, and their ability to provide long-term care. Discuss the possibility with nominees to confirm their willingness and capacity to serve. Also coordinate alternates with financial arrangements such as trusts or life insurance to ensure these people can access necessary funds without delay to support the dependent’s needs.
Trusts and pour-over wills create a financial framework that supports a guardian’s ability to care for a dependent. A pour-over will directs assets not already in trust into the designated trust upon your death, ensuring a single vehicle oversees distributions for the child’s benefit. Trusts, including revocable living trusts and special needs trusts, establish rules for how funds will be managed and distributed, which helps guardians focus on caregiving rather than immediate asset management or probate proceedings. By coordinating nominations with trustee appointments and distribution terms, you provide a clear path for funds to be used for housing, education, healthcare, and daily living expenses. This coordination reduces administrative delay and potential disputes, helping the guardian act swiftly and responsibly in the dependent’s best interests while preserving benefits and long-term financial stability.
Choosing a guardian for a child with special needs requires attention to both caregiving ability and financial planning that preserves eligibility for public benefits. Look for a nominee who understands the child’s medical, educational, and therapeutic needs and is committed to maintaining services and routines. Consider proximity to medical providers, willingness to manage appointments, and the nominee’s ability to coordinate care with service providers. Discussing long-term care expectations and legal authority in advance helps ensure continuity of services and supports. Financial arrangements should include a special needs trust or other mechanisms to provide supplemental support without displacing benefit eligibility. Trustees should be selected with care to manage funds and make distributions in a way that complements public benefits. Clear instructions and regular reviews of legal documents help nominated guardians and trustees collaborate effectively to meet the child’s ongoing needs.
A guardianship nomination itself does not automatically transfer authority at the moment of incapacity or death; the court must typically appoint the guardian. For minor children, a nomination included in a will or other signed document informs the court of your preference and is often followed unless there is a compelling reason not to. For temporary needs, emergency custody orders may be pursued, and in other cases, the nominated guardian may petition the court for appointment to obtain formal legal authority. To reduce delays, combine the nomination with practical steps such as informing nominees, providing them with access to relevant records, and ensuring financial arrangements are in place so the guardian can obtain funds when necessary. Where possible, trustees or designated account holders can make funds available to support the child’s immediate needs while formal court processes proceed.
Review your guardianship nomination periodically and after major life events such as marriage, divorce, relocation, changes in family relationships, or the birth of additional children. These changes can affect the suitability of the nominated guardians or the funding available to support a guardian’s role. Regular reviews ensure nominations reflect current circumstances and reduce the chance of surprises or disputes when the time comes to appoint a guardian. Updating documents every few years or after significant events provides an opportunity to confirm that nominees remain willing and able to serve and to revise financial arrangements or trustee designations as needed. Maintaining up-to-date documents reduces uncertainty and helps ensure the smooth implementation of your wishes for the care of dependents.
Yes, guardianship nominations can be contested by family members who believe a different appointment better serves the child’s or dependent’s interests. Common reasons for contests include disagreements over the nominee’s suitability, allegations of changed circumstances, or competing claims from other relatives. Clear documentation of your preferences, reasons for selection, and evidence of nominee willingness all help reduce the likelihood of successful contests and provide courts with compelling information about your intent. To minimize disputes, communicate your choices to family members and nominated guardians in advance, coordinate financial arrangements so the guardian can act promptly, and consult with legal counsel to ensure documents are properly executed and consistent. Well-prepared, coordinated planning often discourages contestation and streamlines the court’s decision-making.
While you can draft basic nomination language independently, working with a local attorney in Canoga Park or Los Angeles County helps ensure documents comply with California requirements and coordinate with other estate planning instruments. Local counsel can advise on regional family law practices, court procedures, and practical steps for execution, witness requirements, and safe storage. They can also help prepare contingent plans, trustee arrangements, and filings if court involvement becomes necessary. Local guidance is especially helpful for complex situations involving blended families, special needs, or significant assets, where coordination among numerous documents is important. An attorney can draft nomination language, arrange trusts and pour-over wills, and help you implement a practical plan that supports nominated guardians and reduces administrative hurdles when a transition occurs.
To make funds available to a nominated guardian, coordinate beneficiary designations, life insurance proceeds, and trust funding so that money intended for a dependent is accessible without excessive delay. Establishing a trust with clear trustee instructions and distribution powers provides a reliable source of financial support. Trustees can manage assets and disburse funds for the child’s needs while a guardian handles daily care. Pour-over wills can direct probate assets into a trust to maintain centralized management of resources. It is also helpful to name trustees who can act quickly and to document the intended use of funds for education, healthcare, and maintenance. Clear communication with nominee guardians and trustees and careful drafting of the trust and will provisions reduce administrative friction and provide a practical path for funding a guardian’s responsibilities.
Yes, guardianship planning can and often should address pets and digital assets alongside human dependents. A pet trust or provision within your estate plan can designate a caregiver for a pet and set aside funds for ongoing care, ensuring the animal’s needs are considered if you cannot provide care. Similarly, you can include instructions for managing digital accounts and assets so guardians or trustees have guidance on accessing and preserving online property and communications. Including these items in your estate plan brings clarity and reduces the burden on guardians who may otherwise need to navigate unfamiliar responsibilities. Properly drafted provisions for pets and digital assets complement guardianship nominations and help ensure comprehensive care and orderly management of all responsibilities after incapacity or death.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas