At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman we help families and individuals in La Puente and surrounding Los Angeles County create clear, practical estate plans tailored to their needs. Our estate planning services include preparing revocable living trusts, last wills and testaments, financial powers of attorney, advance health care directives, general assignments of assets to trusts, certifications of trust, and other documents to manage property and health care decisions. We also prepare trusts such as irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, special needs trusts, and pet trusts. Call 408-528-2827 to discuss how a plan can protect your family.
Estate planning is about putting decisions in writing so your wishes are followed and your loved ones are protected. We take a client-centered approach, listening to family goals and financial realities, then recommending documents and strategies that align with those priorities. Whether you need a simple will or a full trust-based plan with pour-over wills and HIPAA authorizations, we explain options in plain language and provide guidance on practical steps like funding a trust or updating beneficiary designations. Our goal is to help you feel confident that your affairs are organized and that trusted people are appointed to act if you cannot.
A thoughtful estate plan reduces uncertainty, helps avoid unnecessary court involvement, and clarifies who will manage affairs and inherit assets. Trusts can help transfer property privately and efficiently, while powers of attorney and advance health care directives make sure financial and medical decisions follow your preferences if you are unable to make them. Special instruments such as special needs trusts and irrevocable life insurance trusts protect particular beneficiaries and preserve eligibility for government benefits. Pet trusts and guardianship nominations address care for dependents and loved ones. Overall, planning now can ease stress and prevent conflict during difficult times.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients across California with a focus on clear, practical estate planning solutions. We work with individuals, couples, and families in La Puente and nearby communities to organize documents and implement plans that address property transfer, incapacity planning, and legacy goals. Our approach emphasizes listening to family circumstances, explaining legal options in accessible terms, and helping clients take the concrete steps needed to make documents effective, such as trust funding and beneficiary reviews. We are available by phone at 408-528-2827 to schedule a consultation and begin the planning process.
Estate planning is the process of creating legal documents and arrangements that direct what happens to your assets and who will make decisions if you cannot act. Common components include a revocable living trust to hold and manage assets, a last will and testament to name guardians and distribute assets not held in trust, a financial power of attorney to authorize someone to manage finances, and an advance health care directive to state medical preferences. Other documents such as certification of trust, pour-over wills, and HIPAA authorizations help ensure institutions recognize the plan and allow appointed people to carry out your wishes.
The planning process typically begins by assessing assets, family needs, and goals for wealth transfer or care of dependents. For many clients a trust-based plan will include funding steps to move title into the trust, beneficiary designations on accounts, and tailored provisions for retirement accounts or life insurance. Additional tools such as special needs trusts or irrevocable life insurance trusts may be appropriate to address long-term care planning or to keep certain benefits available. Regular updates are important as life events occur, and we advise on timing and practical steps to keep plans current and effective.
A revocable living trust is a document that names who holds title to assets today and who will receive assets later, helping avoid probate for assets properly funded into the trust. A last will and testament addresses any assets not transferred into a trust and names guardians for minor children. A financial power of attorney allows a trusted person to manage bank accounts, pay bills, and handle financial matters if you are unable to do so. An advance health care directive outlines medical preferences and appoints someone to make health decisions. Together these documents create a coordinated plan for incapacity and post-death distribution.
Essential elements of an effective estate plan include clear beneficiary designations, properly executed trust and will documents, powers of attorney for financial and health decisions, and steps to fund trusts with appropriate assets. The implementation process involves identifying assets that need retitling, preparing legally compliant documents, obtaining signatures and notary acknowledgment when required, and coordinating with financial institutions to update account ownership or beneficiaries. Ongoing maintenance is part of good planning, including periodic reviews to reflect marriages, births, deaths, changes in assets, or new laws that affect your plan.
Understanding common terms helps you make informed decisions during the planning process. This glossary highlights roles and procedures that frequently arise in estate planning discussions so you know what to expect. Familiarity with these terms makes it easier to communicate goals, review draft documents, and complete steps like funding a trust or filing a certification of trust. Below are straightforward explanations of several important words you will encounter when building a plan for yourself or your family in La Puente or elsewhere in California.
A trustee is the person or institution responsible for managing trust property according to the trust document’s terms and for the benefit of the trust beneficiaries. The trustee has duties to keep accurate records, invest assets prudently, make distributions as directed by the trust, and act in the best interests of beneficiaries. When the settlor remains alive and retains certain powers, they may serve as trustee; successor trustees step in upon incapacity or death. Choosing someone who is trustworthy and organized helps ensure the trust is administered smoothly and beneficiaries receive what the settlor intended.
A beneficiary is the person or entity designated to receive assets or benefits from a will, trust, life insurance policy, retirement account, or other instrument. Beneficiaries can be individuals, charities, or organizations and may receive distributions outright or through terms that delay or limit access. Naming primary and contingent beneficiaries helps ensure that assets pass according to your wishes if a primary beneficiary cannot accept them. Clear beneficiary designations and alignment with trust or will provisions reduce confusion and the potential for disputes among heirs or family members.
Probate is the court-supervised process for validating a will and distributing assets that are not transferred through other means, such as a trust or beneficiary designation. Probate procedures vary by state and may require inventorying assets, notifying heirs and creditors, and obtaining court approval for distributions. Probate can be time-consuming and public, which is why many people use trusts and proper titling to transfer property outside probate. When probate is necessary, clear estate planning and documentation can streamline the process and reduce delay for loved ones overseeing administration.
A power of attorney is a legal document that gives another person authority to act on your behalf for financial matters, and can be limited or broad in scope. A separate health care power of attorney or an advance health care directive appoints someone to make medical decisions if you are unable to speak for yourself. These documents become effective according to the terms you choose, and they avoid the need for the court to appoint a guardian to manage finances or health choices. Properly drafted powers of attorney are essential to ensuring continuity of decision-making in times of incapacity.
Choosing between a limited approach and a comprehensive plan depends on family complexity, asset types, and desired privacy. A limited plan, such as a simple will and basic powers of attorney, may suffice for someone with few assets, straightforward beneficiary designations, and no desire for trust administration. A comprehensive plan that includes trusts, funding steps, and additional protective provisions is more suitable for those who own real estate, have blended families, or want to preserve privacy and reduce the likelihood of probate. Discussing goals and potential scenarios helps determine the right path for each household.
A limited estate planning approach can work when assets are minimal, family relationships are uncomplicated, and beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and life insurance reflect current wishes. In such situations a last will and basic powers of attorney and health directives may provide the necessary legal authority without creating trust administration tasks. It remains important to confirm that accounts have up-to-date beneficiaries and that real property ownership does not inadvertently trigger unexpected outcomes. Even with a limited plan, periodic reviews ensure documents align with life changes and preserve your intentions.
If family members are in agreement about who should receive property and there are no significant concerns about creditor claims or complex tax issues, a straightforward set of documents may be adequate. When goals are simple — such as leaving assets to a surviving spouse or children — a will plus financial and health care powers of attorney can provide necessary direction. It is still wise to communicate wishes with key family members and to ensure documentation is properly executed so that wishes are honored and transitions proceed with minimal confusion or delay.
A comprehensive trust-based plan can avoid probate for assets properly placed in a trust, allowing for private transfer of property and often a faster distribution to beneficiaries. Avoiding probate can reduce administrative burdens for loved ones and keep sensitive financial information out of public court records. For families who value discretion, own real estate in multiple states, or hold significant assets, trusts combined with clear beneficiary designations create a smoother path for asset transfer. Proper funding of trusts and periodic maintenance are essential for these benefits to be realized.
Comprehensive plans address not only distribution of assets at death but also management during incapacity through durable powers of attorney and successor trustee arrangements. When there are blended families, heirs with special needs, business interests, or potential creditor issues, trusts can be tailored to protect beneficiaries, preserve eligibility for public benefits, and support long-term care planning. Estate plans can include provisions for trust modification petitions or Heggstad petitions when needed to correct technical funding issues, helping ensure that the settlor’s intent is carried out.
A comprehensive estate plan creates a coherent system that handles incapacity, preserves privacy, and guides transitions after death. Trusts often minimize the need for probate, providing faster access to assets for beneficiaries and reducing court involvement. Detailed powers of attorney and health care directives provide clear authority to make financial and medical decisions when you cannot. Planning documents can also provide flexibility for changing circumstances, allowing for modifications or trust provisions that phase distributions, protect vulnerable beneficiaries, and maintain continuity in management of financial affairs.
Comprehensive planning helps avoid common pitfalls such as failing to fund a trust, leaving inconsistent beneficiary designations, or overlooking important documents like HIPAA authorizations. By coordinating wills, trusts, beneficiary designations, and account ownership, a comprehensive plan reduces the chance of unintended consequences and family disputes. It also provides peace of mind by documenting your wishes clearly and naming trusted people to carry them out. Regular reviews ensure that the plan adapts to new family dynamics, asset changes, or shifts in priorities.
A comprehensive approach focused on trust funding and proper beneficiary designations often results in a smoother, more predictable transfer of assets to the people you intend to benefit. By placing assets into a revocable trust and clarifying ownership of accounts, you reduce the administrative steps for successors and can avoid the delays associated with probate. Streamlined transfers not only save time for family members but can also reduce legal costs and administrative burdens after a death. Clear documentation reduces questions and helps trustees carry out their responsibilities efficiently.
Comprehensive planning includes directives that instruct medical providers and financial institutions on your preferences and names trusted individuals to act on your behalf. An advance health care directive communicates desired treatments and appoints a decision-maker for health care situations, while a financial power of attorney allows someone to manage accounts and pay bills during incapacity. Having these documents in place prevents uncertainty, reduces conflict among family members, and ensures that decisions reflect your values and priorities even when you are unable to express them yourself.
Before meeting to create or update an estate plan, collect recent account statements, deeds, titles, life insurance policies, retirement account information, and documents showing ownership of business interests. Prepare a list of people you want to name as beneficiaries, agents for powers of attorney, successor trustees, and guardians for minor children. Having clear records about debts, monthly income, and outstanding liabilities helps evaluate the best strategies for asset transfer and long-term planning. Well-organized information speeds the drafting process and reduces the chance of omissions that could complicate administration later.
Life changes and legal updates can affect the suitability of existing documents, so scheduling regular reviews ensures your plan remains aligned with goals and circumstances. Revisit your plan after events like marriage, divorce, births, deaths, property purchases, or changes to business ownership. During a review, consider whether distribution timing and trustee or agent selections still make sense and whether new legal tools could better address current priorities. Ongoing attention helps maintain the effectiveness of the plan and reduces surprises for loved ones later on.
Estate planning gives you control over who receives your property, who will care for minor children, and who can make decisions if you become incapacitated. It also helps protect privacy, reduce delay in asset distribution, and provide for specific needs such as disability, special needs, or pet care. For residents of La Puente with real estate, retirement accounts, or family complexities, a tailored plan reduces the likelihood of contested claims and clarifies responsibilities for those who will manage your affairs. Preparing documents in advance spares loved ones the burden of making difficult choices without guidance.
Another important reason to plan is to ensure continuity in financial matters if illness or incapacity makes you unable to act. Powers of attorney and successor trustee arrangements let designated people handle banking, bill payments, and property management. Healthcare directives ensure medical care preferences are known and respected. Estate planning also provides an opportunity to address tax considerations, charitable goals, and provisions for beneficiaries with special needs. Thoughtful planning creates practical instructions so that family members can focus on caregiving rather than administrative hurdles.
Major life events such as marriage, the birth of a child, acquiring real estate, retirement, starting a business, or changes in health often trigger the need to create or update an estate plan. These milestones can alter how you want assets distributed and who you trust to make financial or medical decisions. Similarly, blended families, dependent beneficiaries, or significant assets in multiple states make planning more important. Addressing these circumstances proactively avoids confusion later and ensures your plans reflect current intentions and family relationships.
When you are expecting a child or have young children, naming guardians and establishing how assets will be managed for their benefit are essential steps. A will can name guardians, while trusts can provide for ongoing financial support and management until children reach an age you determine. Planning in advance ensures that a trusted person is ready to assume responsibility and that resources are available to meet children’s needs. Clear instructions also reduce the chance of disputes and provide peace of mind about your family’s future care and stability.
If you own a home, rental property, or business interests, thoughtful planning can streamline transfer and avoid probate complications. Trusts often allow real estate to pass outside of probate when properly funded, and business succession planning can preserve value and continuity for co-owners or family successors. Aligning deeds, account titles, and beneficiary forms with your overall plan helps prevent property from remaining subject to court administration. Dedicated provisions can address unique needs such as management of a family business or protection of rental income for beneficiaries.
When beneficiaries have special needs, medical dependencies, or are minors, a specialized trust arrangement can preserve benefits and manage distributions responsibly. Special needs trusts allow a person to receive support without jeopardizing eligibility for government programs. Designating trustees and outlining distribution guidelines ensures that funds are used appropriately for care, education, and daily living. Close attention to document wording and coordination with public benefits programs helps provide long-term security and supports the beneficiary’s well-being while respecting program rules.
We are available to help residents of La Puente and surrounding Los Angeles County with practical estate planning solutions. Our team guides clients through selecting the right combination of wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives, and assists with related documents such as certifications of trust, pour-over wills, HIPAA authorizations, and guardianship nominations. Whether you need a simple plan or a detailed trust arrangement, we provide clear explanations and hands-on assistance with implementation steps like funding a trust and updating account beneficiaries so your plan operates effectively when it matters most.
Clients choose our office for a practical, client-focused approach to estate planning. We take the time to understand family situations, financial concerns, and long-term goals before recommending documents and strategies. Our focus is on providing clear guidance and practical assistance throughout the process, from drafting to implementation. We help clients understand the implications of each choice so they can select the combination of documents that best meets their needs while balancing convenience, privacy, and cost considerations for their particular circumstances.
Our services include hands-on support with steps often overlooked in planning, such as funding trusts, updating beneficiary designations, and preparing HIPAA authorizations and guardianship nominations. We explain the purpose of documents like irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, and Heggstad petitions to correct funding issues, and we work to ensure that paperwork is completed correctly and timely. Clear communication and practical follow-through are central to the way we assist clients in La Puente and across the region.
We prepare a range of estate planning documents including revocable living trusts, last wills and testaments, financial powers of attorney, advance health care directives, general assignments of assets to trust, certification of trust, irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, special needs trusts, pet trusts, Heggstad petitions, trust modification petitions, pour-over wills, HIPAA authorizations, and guardianship nominations. Our process helps clients choose and implement the documents that best address their goals and family circumstances while providing guidance on practical next steps for funding and maintaining the plan.
Our process begins with a conversation to assess your family, assets, and goals, followed by drafting documents that reflect your decisions about property distribution and incapacity planning. After drafting, we review documents with you, suggest practical steps for implementation, and assist with signatures and notarization. We also advise on funding trusts, updating account ownership, and coordinating beneficiary forms. Finally, we recommend periodic reviews to keep plans current. Throughout, we aim to make the process straightforward and to provide clear instructions so your chosen plan will operate when needed.
The initial conversation focuses on understanding your personal situation, family relationships, and objectives for asset transfer and incapacity planning. We ask about the types of property you own, any dependents with special needs, business interests, and your goals for legacy or charitable giving. This assessment allows us to recommend whether a simple will or a comprehensive trust-based plan is appropriate, and to identify documents such as powers of attorney, health care directives, and guardianship nominations that should be included to meet your needs effectively.
During the first phase we explore who you want to name as beneficiaries, successor trustees, agents for powers of attorney, and guardians for minors. We review any concerns about creditors, second marriages, and beneficiaries with special needs. Open discussion about these topics helps us tailor provisions for distribution timing, protections for vulnerable heirs, and instructions for health care. This conversation forms the basis for drafting documents that reflect your values while addressing foreseeable situations that could affect how a plan operates over time.
We ask clients to gather deeds, account statements, life insurance policies, retirement plan information, business ownership documents, and any existing estate planning paperwork. This documentation helps identify assets that should be retitled, accounts that need beneficiary updates, and items that may require special trust arrangements. Accurate information supports clear drafting of trust schedules and pour-over wills, and reduces the chance that assets will unintentionally remain outside the plan. Preparation at this stage streamlines the drafting and funding steps that follow.
We prepare draft documents based on your instructions and the information gathered, including trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives. Each document is drafted to reflect your chosen distribution terms, appointment choices, and any special provisions such as trust terms for minors or beneficiaries with disabilities. After drafting, we review the documents with you in detail, answer questions, and make revisions as needed so that the final versions accurately reflect your intentions and are ready for execution.
This stage includes finalizing trust instruments, pour-over wills, and any ancillary documents such as certifications of trust and HIPAA authorizations. We also review beneficiary designations and help prepare forms for retirement accounts and life insurance to ensure they align with the overall plan. Drafting focuses on clarity and practical administration so that trustees and agents can carry out duties without ambiguity, and so beneficiaries receive distributions consistent with your objectives and timing preferences.
Once documents are finalized, we explain steps to transfer assets into a trust, update account titles, and complete beneficiary designation forms. Trust funding may include preparing and recording deeds for real property, changing account registrations, and assigning assets to the trust where appropriate. We provide instructions and checklists to make these tasks manageable and can assist with communications to financial institutions when necessary. Proper funding is essential to ensure the plan operates as intended and to avoid assets remaining subject to probate.
After executing documents with the required signatures and acknowledgments, the practical work of implementing the plan continues through funding and coordinating beneficiary changes. We help clients confirm that deeds, account registrations, and beneficiary forms are updated and that copies of key documents are provided to appointed agents and trustees. Ongoing maintenance involves periodic reviews and updates to address changes in family circumstances, laws, or assets so the plan remains current and effective over time.
Execution includes signing and notarizing wills, trusts, and powers of attorney as required, and providing clients with final copies and instructions for safekeeping. Funding tasks may include recording deeds to transfer real property into a trust, changing titles on bank and brokerage accounts, and confirming beneficiary designations for retirement plans. Completing these steps ensures that asset ownership aligns with the legal plan and reduces the likelihood that property will be subject to probate or other unintended administration after a death.
We recommend periodic reviews to confirm that documents continue to serve your goals and to prepare amendments or trust modification petitions when circumstances change. Reviews are prompted by life events such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, substantial changes in assets, or changes in applicable law. When needed, we can prepare trust modification petitions or Heggstad petitions to address technical issues and to preserve the settlor’s intent. Ongoing attention maintains the plan’s effectiveness and helps avoid future complications for successors.
A will is a legal document that directs how any assets not otherwise transferred should be distributed and can name guardians for minor children. A revocable living trust is an arrangement where you place assets into a trust you control during your lifetime and name a successor trustee to manage and distribute those assets later. Trusts can allow assets to pass outside of probate when they have been properly transferred into the trust, while wills generally must go through the probate process for distribution of probate assets. Choosing between a will and a trust depends on your goals and the types of assets you own. Trusts are often used to avoid probate, provide privacy, and create flexible distribution terms for beneficiaries. Wills remain important for naming guardians and addressing any assets left out of a trust. Many clients use both a trust and a pour-over will, which captures assets not transferred into the trust and channels them into the trust upon death. Discussing family needs and property types helps determine the right combination for your situation.
Creating a trust is only the first step; funding the trust by transferring title to assets or designating the trust as beneficiary is essential for the trust to function as intended. Funding may include recording deeds to move real property into the trust, retitling bank and brokerage accounts, and updating ownership on certain investments. Without funding, assets intended to be governed by the trust may remain subject to probate, which can defeat one of the main advantages of a trust-based plan. The process of funding can be straightforward but does require attention to account types and institutional requirements. Some assets such as retirement accounts require beneficiary designations rather than retitling, so coordination is important. We provide clear instructions and assistance to help clients complete funding steps and verify that assets are aligned with their estate plan.
A financial power of attorney gives a named agent authority to manage finances, pay bills, and handle transactions on your behalf according to the power’s terms. A separate health care directive or health care power of attorney appoints a decision-maker for medical matters and can include instructions about treatments you do or do not want. These documents allow trusted individuals to act quickly if you are incapacitated, avoiding the need for court intervention to appoint a guardian or conservator. Powers of attorney are drafted to take effect according to your preferences, whether immediately or upon a specified incapacity. Clear language and naming alternate agents help ensure continuity if the primary agent is unavailable. It is also important to provide copies to institutions and to keep originals accessible so agents can present them when needed.
Yes, careful planning can protect a beneficiary who receives public benefits by creating a special needs trust or other tailored arrangement that provides supplemental support without disrupting eligibility for government programs. Special needs trusts can be drafted to hold assets for a beneficiary’s care while preserving means-tested benefits for housing, medical, and other support. Trust terms should be crafted to fit the beneficiary’s needs and to coordinate with applicable government rules to avoid unintended loss of benefits. Implementing these protections requires precise language and careful coordination with other elements of an estate plan, such as beneficiary designations and the choice of trustee. We work with families to design trust provisions that meet practical care goals, provide flexibility for future needs, and respect program rules so that benefits remain available while additional support is managed responsibly.
A pour-over will works in conjunction with a trust and directs that any assets not previously transferred into the trust at the time of death be transferred into the trust through the probate process. It serves as a safety net to capture overlooked assets and helps consolidate distribution under the trust’s terms. While a pour-over will may still be subject to probate, it ensures that any property not funded to the trust will ultimately be managed according to the trust’s provisions. Including a pour-over will is a common practice when a trust is the central document of a plan, because it preserves the settlor’s intent that assets be governed by the trust. Properly funding the trust during life reduces reliance on the pour-over will and helps minimize probate involvement, but the pour-over will remains a prudent backup to address unforeseen assets or omissions.
Estate plans should be reviewed periodically and after significant life events such as marriage, divorce, the birth of a child, the death of a beneficiary or fiduciary, acquisition of major property, or changes in business ownership. Reviews are also sensible if you relocate to another state, experience substantial changes in wealth, or have shifts in healthcare preferences. Regular reviews ensure that documents remain aligned with your goals and that appointed agents and trustees remain appropriate choices. In addition to lifecycle events, changes in law or tax rules may affect planning choices, so occasional legal review helps identify whether updates or new strategies are advisable. Many clients find it useful to schedule reviews every few years or whenever a major change occurs to maintain the effectiveness of their estate plan.
If you die without a will in California, the state’s laws of intestacy determine how your assets are distributed. These rules prioritize spouses, children, and other relatives according to prescribed formulas. Intestacy may not match your desired distribution, and it leaves decisions such as guardianship of minor children to the court unless someone steps forward. The probate process may be required to appoint an administrator to manage the estate and distribute assets under state law, which can be time-consuming and public. Creating a will or trust allows you to specify who receives property, name guardians for minor children, and appoint trusted people to administer your affairs. Even simple planning provides clarity and avoids leaving important decisions to default state procedures that may not reflect your personal wishes.
Many trusts, particularly revocable living trusts, can be changed or revoked during the settlor’s lifetime as long as the settlor retains the legal capacity to do so. Trusts can be amended to update beneficiaries, change trustees, or modify distribution terms. Some trusts include provisions that make changes easier, while others may require more formal steps. It is important to document amendments properly to avoid ambiguity and ensure that successor trustees understand the current terms. Irrevocable trusts, by contrast, are generally more difficult to change and may require court involvement or the consent of beneficiaries for modification. When planning, it is important to consider which elements you want to keep flexible and which you want to lock in, and to select trust structures accordingly to match your long-term priorities.
Choosing an appropriate trustee, agent for financial matters, or health care decision-maker involves assessing trustworthiness, organizational ability, and willingness to serve. Family members may be good choices if they have the temperament and availability to handle administrative tasks. In some situations, a trusted friend, corporate fiduciary, or professional can provide continuity and impartial administration. It is also important to name successor options in case the first choice is unable or unwilling to serve when needed. Clear communication with the people you plan to appoint helps ensure they understand their roles and responsibilities and are willing to accept them. Discussing expectations in advance and providing copies of key documents and instructions reduces the likelihood of surprises and helps the appointed individuals step into their roles more effectively when called upon.
Estate planning can help avoid probate and reduce costs for your family when assets are properly titled in trusts and beneficiary designations are coordinated with your overall plan. Avoiding probate can shorten the timeline for transferring property and reduce the need for court supervision, which often translates into lower administrative costs and less public exposure of family financial matters. For many families, the expense of creating a trust-based plan is offset by the savings and efficiencies gained during administration. However, the extent of savings depends on the complexity of assets and the thoroughness of implementation. Proper funding of trusts, alignment of beneficiary designations, and attention to account ownership are critical to realizing probate-avoidance benefits. Planning also reduces the likelihood of disputes and other delays that can increase costs, so a well-executed plan often provides both financial and nonfinancial advantages for heirs.
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