Planning for a beloved pet’s care after an owner passes or becomes incapacitated is an important part of a thoughtful estate plan. A pet trust allows you to set aside funds and name a caregiver to provide ongoing care for your animal companions, while also outlining medical, living, and lifestyle preferences. This page explains how a pet trust can be structured, what legal documents often accompany it, and how the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman can help clients in Lancaster and throughout Los Angeles County create clear, enforceable arrangements that protect pets and provide peace of mind to owners and families.
Many clients come to our firm seeking ways to protect a pet’s future without leaving family members uncertain about responsibilities or finances. A pet trust can be tailored to a wide variety of animals and circumstances, from dogs and cats to horses or other companion animals. We discuss common components including funding sources, trustee duties, caregiver instructions, and contingencies if a caregiver cannot fulfill their role. Understanding these elements helps owners choose the right tools for their situation and ensures that pets will be cared for according to their wishes.
A pet trust provides a legally enforceable framework to ensure that funds designated for a pet’s care are used as intended and that a trusted caregiver is appointed to carry out your wishes. It reduces uncertainty among family members and avoids informal, ad hoc arrangements that can fail when disagreements or unexpected events arise. In addition to naming caregivers and allocating funds, a pet trust allows you to describe day-to-day routines, medical preferences, acceptable living situations, and long-term plans, helping to preserve your pet’s quality of life and relieve loved ones of difficult decisions during an emotional time.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients across California with a focus on practical, client-centered estate planning. We help individuals and families craft documents that reflect personal wishes and meet legal requirements, including revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and pet trusts. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, personalized planning, and durable documentation so clients can feel confident their pets and property will be managed as intended. We work closely with clients to evaluate family dynamics and long-term needs when creating tailored estate plans.
A pet trust is a legal arrangement that sets aside resources for the ongoing care of an animal and appoints a fiduciary to manage those funds on behalf of the pet. It can be created as part of a larger estate plan or as a standalone document, and it typically names a caregiver to provide daily care, along with a trustee who controls the funds and disburses necessary amounts for expenses like food, veterinary care, grooming, and boarding. A well-drafted trust also includes instructions for substitution of caregivers and instructions for final disposition.
Pet trusts vary in complexity depending on the size of the fund, the number and type of pets, and any medical or behavioral needs. Some trusts include detailed care instructions such as dietary needs, exercise schedules, and veterinary preferences, while others are focused mainly on funding and caregiver appointment. Trustees have fiduciary duties to administer the trust in accordance with its terms, and courts can enforce those terms if disputes arise. Pet trusts are a practical tool to ensure animals are provided for consistently and legally.
A pet trust is a legal vehicle that provides for the care of one or more animals by allocating assets and appointing a fiduciary to oversee those assets. It differs from a simple bequest because it sets conditions and creates ongoing duties for administration rather than a one-time gift. Pet trusts often work hand-in-hand with other estate planning documents such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, and powers of attorney. The trust can be revocable or irrevocable and should contain clear instructions to minimize ambiguity about the owner’s intentions and the caregiver’s responsibilities.
Creating a pet trust typically begins with identifying the beneficiaries — the pet or pets — and selecting a caregiver and trustee. The document must specify funding sources, which can include direct transfers, distributions from a personal trust, or designated funds in a will. It should also provide detailed care instructions, medical treatment preferences, and contingency plans if the chosen caregiver cannot continue. Final steps include executing the trust with proper witnessing and integrating it into the broader estate plan so that funding and administration are clear upon incapacity or death.
Understanding common terms makes it easier to make informed decisions when creating a pet trust. Terms such as trustee, caregiver, funding, revocable trust, pour-over will, and fiduciary describe essential roles and mechanisms used to secure a pet’s care. Having clear definitions in your plan reduces the risk of disputes and helps family members fulfill your wishes. This section provides straightforward explanations of terminology you will encounter while planning, so you know what each role entails and how funds will be managed and distributed for your pets’ benefit.
A trustee is the person or entity responsible for managing the funds and assets allocated to a pet trust in accordance with the trust’s terms. The trustee’s duties include receiving and safeguarding trust assets, paying caregiver expenses, keeping records, and making distributions for veterinary care, food, grooming, and other authorized expenses. Trustees owe a fiduciary duty to act prudently and in the best interest of the trust’s purpose and must follow instructions set forth by the trust creator. The trustee may be different from the pet’s daily caregiver.
A caregiver is the individual or entity designated to provide daily care, housing, and attention to the pet under the pet trust. This person is responsible for following the owner’s care instructions and ensuring the pet’s routine needs are met, including feeding, exercise, medical care, and social interaction. While caregivers may receive funds from the trustee to cover expenses, their primary role is hands-on care. Trust documents may include backup caregiver provisions to handle situations where the named caregiver is no longer able to provide care.
Funding refers to the assets designated to satisfy the ongoing costs of pet care under a trust. Common funding sources include transfers from a revocable trust, designated monetary amounts in a will, life insurance proceeds, or specific trust accounts. Funding should be sufficient to cover anticipated costs such as food, medical treatment, routine veterinary visits, and unforeseen emergencies. The trust can specify how funds are to be disbursed and may include instructions for unused funds after the pet’s death, such as distribution to a named individual or charitable organization.
A pour-over will is a document that directs any assets not already placed in a living trust to be transferred, or poured over, into that trust upon death. For pet planning, a pour-over will ensures that funds intended for a pet trust are redirected to the trust if they were not transferred during the owner’s lifetime. This coordination between estate documents simplifies administration and helps guarantee that the pet trust receives the resources necessary to carry out the owner’s instructions, avoiding unintended gaps in funding or authority.
When planning for a pet’s future, owners have several options including a pet trust, a direct bequest to a caregiver, or informal family arrangements. A pet trust provides clear legal obligations and funding structures, whereas a direct bequest may leave caregivers with funds but not enforceable duties. Informal arrangements rely on goodwill and can lead to confusion or disputes. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each option and how they align with your goals, financial situation, and family dynamics helps determine the best path for ensuring reliable care and honoring your wishes for your animals.
A limited approach, such as leaving a specific sum to a trusted family member in a will, can be appropriate when the pet’s needs are modest and the caregiver is a close, reliable relative or friend. This option works when relationships are strong and the caregiver understands and intends to follow your wishes. It is important to provide clear written instructions and consider backups in case the caregiver cannot fulfill the role. Even with modest funding, thoughtful documentation eases administration and reduces the risk of disputes among family members.
Limited approaches may also be suitable for short-term arrangements or when pets have minimal medical needs and predictable living situations. In these cases, a brief written statement in a will or a letter of instruction can accompany other estate documents to guide caregivers about feeding, housing, and emergency contacts. However, owners should still consider how funds will be managed and whether the caregiver can be trusted to use money as intended. Clear communication and reasonable documentation prevent misunderstandings during challenging times.
Comprehensive planning is recommended when a pet has complex medical needs, when multiple animals are involved, or when the owner wants specific long-term care arrangements. A detailed trust can allocate funds, direct veterinary care, outline housing preferences, and name successor caregivers and trustees. This approach reduces the likelihood of disputes and ensures continuity of care even if initial appointees cannot fulfill their roles. It also provides a mechanism for oversight so that funds are used appropriately and the pet’s welfare remains the primary consideration.
A comprehensive plan can address potential changes in family circumstances, geographic moves, or complex property situations. For owners with assets spread across states or with blended families, a well-drafted pet trust integrates with the larger estate plan to avoid conflicts and provide clear directions for trustees and caregivers. Comprehensive documentation helps maintain your directives over time and makes the administration process more predictable for those left to carry out your wishes, preventing delays or contested interpretations after an owner dies or becomes incapacitated.
A carefully drafted pet trust ensures pets receive consistent care according to the owner’s preferences while reducing the burden on family members. The trust creates legal duties for trustees and provides funding mechanisms to cover veterinary care, daily needs, and unforeseen expenses. It also clarifies contingency plans for replacement caregivers, instructions for final disposition, and oversight to prevent misuse of funds. For owners who care deeply about their animals’ welfare, these protections make it more likely that pets will maintain a stable environment and proper care when the owner can no longer provide it.
Comprehensive planning goes beyond immediate needs by preparing for long-term scenarios, such as chronic medical conditions or multiple transitions in caregivers. By anticipating future circumstances and naming successors, the trust minimizes disruption in a pet’s routine and preserves continuity of care. This approach also provides accountability through trustee recordkeeping and possible reporting requirements, helping beneficiaries and caregivers understand how funds were used. Ultimately, a detailed plan offers reassurance that your pet’s health and comfort will be addressed according to your instructions.
One major benefit of a comprehensive trust is the financial structure it provides to cover a pet’s needs over time. Funds placed in a trust are managed by a trustee who oversees disbursements for specified expenses, ensuring resources are available for routine care and emergencies. This framework protects against the accidental depletion of funds and provides a clear method for reimbursing caregivers. With financial controls and recordkeeping, a comprehensive plan offers transparency and accountability so that resources are used as intended for the benefit of the pet.
A detailed trust allows owners to document daily care preferences, medical treatment boundaries, and acceptable living arrangements, helping to preserve a pet’s familiar routine and comfort. Clear instructions reduce uncertainty for caregivers and prevent disagreements over interpretation of an owner’s wishes. The trust can also name alternative caregivers and provide instructions for the pet’s placement if circumstances change, offering flexibility while maintaining the owner’s intent. This preserves the pet’s welfare and reduces stress for family members during transitions.
Choosing the right caregiver and trustee is central to a successful pet trust. Consider individuals who share your values for the pet’s care and who are likely to be available and willing to accept the responsibility long term. It is wise to name alternates in case your primary choices cannot serve. Discuss your plans with those individuals in advance so they understand expectations and can decline if necessary. Clear communication reduces surprises and helps ensure that the people appointed will carry out your instructions reliably when the time comes.
Think through how you will fund the trust and how the trustee will oversee expenditures to ensure longevity. Provide an initial assessment of expected costs and include instructions for periodic review or adjustments. Consider whether the trustee should provide receipts or reports to a named party, and outline steps for resolving disputes. Proper funding and oversight protect the pet’s interests and create accountability for caregivers and trustees, making it more likely that funds will be used as intended and that the pet will receive consistent, quality care over time.
Pet owners choose a pet trust to ensure their animals receive stable, long-term care that reflects the owner’s directions. Without a trust, family members may disagree about who should care for a pet or how funds should be used, leading to unnecessary conflict and possible disruption for the animal. A trust clarifies funding sources, appoints accountable individuals, and provides written care standards. This legal clarity minimizes ambiguity and helps families carry out the owner’s wishes with confidence, preserving the pet’s health and routine through transitions that can occur after incapacity or death.
Another key reason to consider a pet trust is that it provides financial protection for animals with ongoing medical needs or higher living costs. Designating funds and creating a mechanism for administration ensures that veterinary care, medications, and specialized diets are not neglected due to lack of resources. For owners concerned about longevity of support and adherence to specific care preferences, a trust creates enforceable obligations and continuity. This is especially helpful for those with multiple pets or pets that require specialized attention and predictable long-term care.
Pet trusts are especially useful when an owner wants to protect animals from uncertain family dynamics, ensure funding for long-term medical needs, or formalize arrangements with a caregiver who lives in a different area. They also serve owners who are single or without close family to assume care, owners with multiple pets that need coordinated planning, and those who travel frequently or spend significant time away from home. In all these cases, a trust provides a structured plan for care, funding, and oversight to minimize disruption to the animals’ lives.
When a pet requires ongoing medication, regular veterinary visits, or specialized treatments, ensuring continued funding and a caregiver who understands the medical plan is essential. A pet trust can designate funds specifically for medical care, stipulate how medical decisions should be made, and name trusted veterinarians. It can also include instructions for emergency treatment and whether euthanasia is permitted under certain circumstances. This clarity protects the pet’s health and spares family members from making difficult medical decisions without guidance.
Owners who do not have immediate family members available to care for a pet benefit from a pet trust because it identifies responsible caregivers and provides funds for their support. Naming alternatives and specifying caregiver expectations reduces the chance that a pet will end up in a shelter or in inconsistent living situations. The trust can also designate charitable organizations as contingent beneficiaries if no suitable caregiver is found, ensuring the pet’s welfare is addressed according to the owner’s priorities rather than leaving decisions to chance.
Complex family structures or blended households can create confusion over who will assume care of a pet and how funds will be used. A pet trust provides neutral, legally enforceable instructions that bypass family disagreements by assigning clear responsibilities and funding mechanisms. It can also specify how disputes should be resolved, name mediators, or require periodic accounting to maintain transparency. This legal clarity prevents contested decisions and helps preserve the owner’s intent, reducing stress for everyone involved and promoting a stable outcome for the pet.
Although the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman is based in San Jose, we serve clients throughout California, including Lancaster and Los Angeles County, with comprehensive estate planning services. We assist clients in preparing pet trusts, revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and advance health care directives to ensure pets and families are protected. Our goal is to provide practical, personalized solutions that reflect each client’s situation and priorities, whether they need straightforward funding arrangements or more detailed, long-term care plans for their animals.
Clients choose our firm because we take a thoughtful, individualized approach to planning that focuses on the client’s goals and the pet’s welfare. We help identify appropriate caregivers, set reasonable funding amounts, and draft clear instructions so that trustees and caregivers understand their roles. Our attorneys and staff prioritize communication and make sure clients understand the options available, how documents work together, and what steps are necessary to fund the trust effectively. This process results in durable documents that are easier to administer when the time comes.
We combine practical knowledge of estate planning tools with careful attention to family dynamics and pet care preferences to build plans that work in real life. We coordinate pet trust provisions with other estate documents like revocable living trusts and pour-over wills to avoid gaps in funding and authority. Our attorneys guide clients through decision points such as trustee selection, funding strategies, and contingencies, aiming to minimize future disputes and provide a clear roadmap for those who will carry out the owner’s wishes on behalf of the pet.
From the initial consultation through document execution and guidance on funding, we assist clients at each step to ensure the plan is practical and enforceable. If circumstances change later, we can recommend amendments or modifications to keep documents aligned with evolving needs. Our goal is to give owners confidence that their pets will be cared for as intended while reducing administrative burdens for family members and caregivers. We are available to explain options over the phone or in person for clients in Lancaster and beyond.
Our pet trust planning process begins with a consultation to understand your pet’s needs, family dynamics, and financial situation. We then outline options for trust structure, funding, caregiver and trustee selection, and related documents such as pour-over wills and powers of attorney. After you approve the plan, we prepare the documents, review them with you in detail, and assist with execution and funding steps. We also discuss contingency plans and provide guidance on storing documents and communicating your wishes to those who will act on them when necessary.
The first step is an in-depth consultation where we gather information about your pets, current living arrangements, medical needs, and the people you trust to provide care. We also review your assets and discuss how best to fund the trust. This helps us recommend whether a simple bequest, a pet trust, or integration into a revocable living trust is most appropriate. The consultation sets clear expectations and outlines next steps, including timeline, document drafts, and funding considerations tailored to your circumstances.
During the first conversation we discuss daily routines, medical histories, behavioral concerns, and any special needs your pets may have. We encourage clients to provide veterinary records and notes about preferred care practices, favorite providers, and emergency contacts. This detailed information allows us to draft instructions that help caregivers replicate your pet’s routine and address medical situations in line with your wishes. Clear documentation at this stage avoids potential misunderstandings and lays the groundwork for a durable care plan.
We work with you to identify suitable caregivers and trustees, including backup options, and explore potential funding sources such as trust assets, designated sums in a will, or insurance proceeds. We also discuss whether a revocable living trust or standalone pet trust better fits your goals. With this information we can prepare a draft trust that aligns roles, responsibilities, and funding mechanisms to ensure a smooth transition of care and clear administration in the event of incapacity or death.
After gathering information and selecting the appropriate structure, we draft the pet trust document and any coordinating estate planning instruments. The draft includes funding instructions, caregiver and trustee appointments, detailed care preferences, contingency plans, and provisions for unused funds after the pet’s passing. We review the draft with you and revise as needed until the document accurately reflects your wishes. Clear language and practical provisions help ensure the trust is enforceable and effective when it is needed most.
We schedule a review meeting to walk through the trust, clarify responsibilities, and ensure the language matches your intent. This is the time to make adjustments to funding mechanisms, caregiver instructions, and any reporting or oversight you want the trustee to follow. We also discuss how the trust interacts with existing estate documents and whether additional steps are needed to coordinate assets. This collaborative review minimizes ambiguity and reduces the chance of disputes later.
Once the documents are finalized, we assist with proper execution according to California formalities, provide instructions for funding the trust, and suggest steps to deliver necessary information to caregivers and trustees. Funding may require transferring assets into the trust or updating beneficiary designations where applicable. We ensure that the trust is legally operative and that trustees understand how to access and use funds for authorized expenses, helping to create a seamless transition when the plan is activated.
After the trust is in place, we remain available to provide guidance on administration, help trustees with recordkeeping and distributions, and advise on possible amendments as circumstances change. Life events like moves, new pets, or changes in health or relationships may necessitate updates to the plan. We can draft amendments or restatements to reflect new directions, ensuring the documents remain current and effective. Ongoing attention to the plan prevents gaps in care and helps ensure the trust continues to meet your goals for your pet.
Our firm provides practical support to trustees and caregivers who must carry out the trust’s terms, including explanations of recordkeeping, appropriate expense categories, and how to request funds. We can assist with resolving disputes and interpreting ambiguous provisions to keep the pet’s best interests at the forefront. Trustees often appreciate having a legal resource for questions that arise during administration, reducing the likelihood of mistakes and maintaining financial accountability for the benefit of the pet.
We advise clients to review estate planning documents periodically and update them after major life changes such as new pets, relocation, marriage, divorce, or shifts in financial resources. If you need to modify caregiver designations, funding amounts, or care instructions, we can prepare amendments or restatements to ensure the trust continues to represent your intent. Proactive updates maintain clarity and help prevent unintended outcomes, safeguarding the well-being of your pet throughout unforeseen developments.
A pet trust is a legal arrangement that sets aside funds and appoints a fiduciary to manage those funds on behalf of a pet, along with naming a caregiver who will provide daily care. Unlike a simple bequest, which leaves money to a person with no enforceable duty to use it for the pet, a pet trust creates an obligation for the trustee to use trust assets for the animal’s care according to the owner’s instructions. The trust can specify medical preferences, living arrangements, and contingency plans to ensure continuity of care. Because the trustee has legal duties and the trust contains enforceable terms, pet trusts reduce uncertainty and disputes among family members. A well-drafted trust coordinates with other estate documents such as revocable living trusts and pour-over wills to ensure funding and authority are clear. Owners should consider who will serve as caregiver, who will manage funds, and how to fund the trust so that the pet’s needs are reliably met over time.
Funding a pet trust can be accomplished through several mechanisms, such as transfers from a revocable living trust, specific bequests in a will that pour over into the trust, life insurance proceeds, or designated accounts. The amount to leave depends on expected costs including food, regular and emergency veterinary care, grooming, boarding, and any anticipated long-term medical needs. Estimating these expenses and factoring in the pet’s expected lifespan helps determine an appropriate funding level. It is often helpful to provide the trustee with guidance on what constitutes reasonable expenses and whether receipts or periodic reporting are required. Some owners include contingencies for periodic review of the funding level or provisions that allow trustees to use discretion in unforeseen circumstances. Clear funding and oversight provisions help ensure the intended care is sustainable and accountable.
When selecting a caregiver consider someone who understands the pet’s routine, temperament, and medical needs and who is willing to accept long-term responsibility. The caregiver is responsible for daily care and should be someone you trust to follow your written instructions. Naming alternate caregivers helps address situations where the primary caregiver becomes unavailable. Discuss your plans with potential caregivers in advance to make sure they are willing and able to assume the role. The trustee manages the funds and disburses resources to the caregiver for authorized expenses. Trustees should be financially responsible and willing to maintain records and follow trust terms. Owners often select different people for caregiver and trustee roles to separate daily care from financial management. Providing clear instructions and backup options reduces the risk of gaps in care and ensures that both roles are performed effectively for the pet’s benefit.
Pet trusts can be structured to cover multiple animals or pets with special requirements, including horses or other companion animals. The trust should clearly describe each animal, including names, ages, and any health conditions, and specify how funds are to be divided among them. When multiple animals are involved, the trust can prioritize care or allocate resources in ways that reflect the owner’s preferences and the needs of each animal. For unusual pets or animals with specialized care needs, include detailed instructions and consult with knowledgeable caregivers or veterinarians when drafting the trust. The trustee can be given authority to consult with veterinarians or trainers to ensure appropriate care. Clear documentation and specific funding allocations help the trustee and caregiver understand priorities and administer resources responsibly for each animal’s welfare.
Trust documents should state what should happen to any remaining funds after the last covered pet dies. Common options include distributing remaining funds to a designated person, donating them to an animal-related charity, or returning them to the estate for distribution under other provisions. Specifying a clear remainder beneficiary avoids uncertainty and potential disputes among heirs or caregivers. It is also possible to include provisions that limit use of funds so that only necessary expenses are paid and leftover funds are conserved, or to require the trustee to obtain an accounting before distribution. Clear remainder instructions ensure that unused funds are handled in a way that aligns with the owner’s overall estate planning goals and values.
To increase compliance with your wishes, include detailed care instructions, specify reporting or recordkeeping requirements for the trustee, and name backup caregivers and trustees. You can also provide guidance on allowable expenditures and require receipts or periodic accounting. Clear and precise language reduces the risk of misinterpretation and provides mechanisms for addressing concerns if a trustee or caregiver fails to follow the trust’s terms. In some cases, owners name a person or entity with enforcement authority or include provisions for mediation if disputes arise. Communicating your plan to family members, caregivers, and trustees ahead of time fosters understanding and cooperation. These steps create transparency and accountability so your pet receives the intended level of care even after you are gone.
Many pet trusts can be changed or revoked if they are created as revocable trusts, allowing the owner to update caregiver designations, funding amounts, or care instructions as circumstances change. If the trust is irrevocable, modifications are more difficult but still possible in limited circumstances, such as by agreement of beneficiaries or by court order. Discussing future changes with an attorney ensures you choose the structure that provides the flexibility you want while meeting your goals for the pet’s care. It is advisable to review estate planning documents periodically and make amendments when life events occur, such as moves, new pets, or changes in relationships. Keeping documents current avoids unintended results and ensures the plan continues to reflect your priorities. Regular review and straightforward amendment procedures help maintain continuity and clarity for everyone involved in carrying out your wishes.
Pet trusts should be coordinated with other estate planning documents such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and advance health care directives. This coordination guarantees that funding sources are clear and that there are no conflicts between documents. For example, a pour-over will can direct assets into a living trust that then funds a pet trust, while powers of attorney can provide guidance should you become incapacitated but still able to make decisions regarding your pets. Integrating the pet trust into a comprehensive estate plan reduces the risk of assets being overlooked or misdirected. Proper coordination ensures that trustees have authority to manage funds, that caregivers can access necessary resources, and that the owner’s broader estate distribution goals remain consistent with pet planning provisions.
Yes, pet trusts are enforceable under California law and provide a recognized mechanism to provide for companion animals. California allows the creation of pet trusts and sets standards for their administration, including the appointment of trustees and the management of trust assets for the benefit of animals. Courts can enforce the terms of a pet trust and oversee trustees to ensure funds are used in accordance with the trust document and applicable law. To maximize enforceability, it is important to use clear language, select appropriate trustees, and ensure the trust is properly funded. Working with a knowledgeable attorney helps ensure compliance with statutory requirements and reduces the risk that a court will find provisions ambiguous or unenforceable. Proper drafting provides peace of mind that your pet’s welfare will be legally protected.
Getting started with a pet trust in Lancaster begins with a consultation to discuss your pet’s needs, potential caregivers, funding options, and how a trust will fit into your overall estate plan. Gather information about your pet’s medical history, daily routine, and estimated costs to help us recommend appropriate funding and care instructions. During the consultation we will explain available structures and propose a tailored plan to meet your objectives and simplify administration for those who will carry out your wishes. Once you approve a plan, we draft the trust and any necessary coordinating documents, review them with you for accuracy, and assist with execution and funding. We also advise on communicating your plan to caregivers and trustees so they are prepared to act when needed. This step-by-step guidance helps ensure that your pet is provided for in a practical and legally sound manner.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas