At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we focus on helping North El Monte residents create clear, practical plans that protect family, assets, and future wishes. Estate planning is more than documents; it is a thoughtful process to make sure your property, healthcare preferences, and guardianship choices are respected if you become unable to make decisions. Whether you need a revocable living trust, pour-over will, or durable financial power of attorney, our approach emphasizes practical solutions, careful drafting, and clear communication so your plan works as intended and minimizes stress for those you leave behind.
Many families put off estate planning because it feels complicated, but a solid plan brings peace of mind and reduces uncertainty. We help clients in North El Monte and across Los Angeles County evaluate their goals, select appropriate documents, and organize assets to simplify administration later. From advance health care directives to trust funding and guardianship nominations, we create tailored documents that reflect your values and protect loved ones. Call 408-528-2827 to schedule a consultation to discuss how a well-crafted estate plan can protect your family and preserve the legacy you intend to leave.
Estate planning makes it clear who will manage your affairs, care for loved ones, and receive assets when you pass away or if you lose capacity. A properly prepared plan can reduce court involvement, minimize family disputes, and speed the distribution of property to intended beneficiaries. Trusts, wills, and powers of attorney can protect minor children, provide for special needs, and preserve retirement and life insurance assets. Beyond asset distribution, these documents allow you to name health care decision makers and set instructions for end-of-life care, ensuring your preferences are followed while reducing emotional and financial burdens for those close to you.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serve clients with practical, client-centered estate planning focused on clarity and reliability. Our firm assists individuals and families in building plans that address property transfer, incapacity planning, and long-term wishes. We emphasize plain-language documents, careful review of assets and beneficiary designations, and thorough funding of trusts where appropriate. Our goal is to reduce friction and unforeseen problems during administration. We also guide clients through periodic reviews to keep plans current with changing laws, life events, and financial circumstances.
Estate planning brings together several legal tools designed to control what happens to your property and personal affairs. Common elements include revocable living trusts to avoid probate, last wills to express distribution wishes, powers of attorney to manage finances if you become incapacitated, and advance health care directives to document medical preferences. Choosing the right combination of documents depends on your assets, family dynamics, and goals for privacy and cost efficiency. We help clarify options and create a plan that balances ease of administration with protection for those you care about most.
Many clients in North El Monte seek solutions that reduce court involvement and make transitions smoother for heirs. Trusts can provide continuity, protect minor beneficiaries, and allow for tailored distributions over time. Wills are still important to name guardians for minor children and cover assets not placed in trusts. Powers of attorney and HIPAA authorizations ensure someone can access information and act on your behalf when needed. Together, these documents form a practical, integrated plan that reflects your personal goals and provides a clear roadmap for your family.
Estate planning is the proactive process of organizing your legal and financial affairs so your wishes are honored during incapacity and after death. It includes creating documents that appoint decision makers, transfer property, and set terms for ongoing care or distributions. The process typically begins with an assessment of assets, beneficiary designations, and family needs, followed by drafting of documents and guidance on funding trusts. A thoughtful plan helps minimize delay, confusion, and unnecessary expenses for loved ones, while ensuring those responsible for carrying out your wishes have clear authority and instruction.
An effective estate plan usually combines documents that address different scenarios: a revocable living trust to manage assets and avoid probate, a last will to cover residual matters and guardianship, financial powers of attorney to manage accounts, and advance health care directives to set medical priorities. Additional documents such as a certification of trust, HIPAA authorization, or general assignment of assets may streamline administration. The process includes reviewing asset ownership, updating beneficiary designations, preparing and executing documents, and ensuring trusts are funded so they operate as intended when needed.
Understanding common terms makes it easier to make informed decisions about your plan. Below are definitions of frequently used documents and concepts that appear in most estate plans. Knowing what each item does, and how it interacts with other documents, helps ensure your wishes are properly implemented. If you encounter unfamiliar language in legal forms, we provide plain-language explanations and practical advice on how to structure documents so they serve your family’s needs and align with California law.
A revocable living trust is a flexible arrangement that holds assets during your life and directs their distribution afterward. Because you retain control while alive, you can amend or revoke the trust as circumstances change. Upon incapacity or death, a successor trustee can manage or distribute trust property without probate, which can save time and keep matters private. Trusts can also include provisions for minor beneficiaries, special needs, or staged distributions to help align asset transfers with long-term family goals and financial protection.
A durable financial power of attorney authorizes a trusted person to manage financial matters on your behalf if you become unable to do so. This document often covers bank accounts, bill payment, tax filings, and real estate transactions. The designation can take effect immediately or upon incapacity, depending on your preference. Having a durable power of attorney in place reduces the need for court-appointed conservatorship and ensures that necessary financial actions can be taken promptly to protect assets and pay obligations without interruption.
A last will and testament sets out how assets not held in trust should be distributed, names an executor to administer the estate, and allows you to appoint guardians for minor children. Wills become effective after death and typically must go through probate to transfer certain assets. Even when a trust is used, a pour-over will can capture assets unintentionally left outside the trust and transfer them into it upon death. Wills remain an important element of a comprehensive estate plan to address matters that trusts do not cover directly.
An advance health care directive documents your medical treatment preferences and names someone to make health care decisions if you cannot speak for yourself. A HIPAA authorization permits designated persons to receive protected health information from medical providers. Together, these documents ensure your wishes about life-sustaining treatment, comfort care, and other medical choices are known and that your decision maker has the information needed to act. They reduce uncertainty for family members and help medical teams follow your directives promptly.
When planning, clients often weigh a limited approach, such as a simple will plus powers of attorney, against a comprehensive plan that includes trusts and related documents. A limited approach may be less costly up front and can address basic needs, but it may leave assets subject to probate and create more work for survivors. A comprehensive plan typically requires more time and initial cost but can streamline administration, protect privacy, and offer greater control over distribution. We help clients consider long-term implications, family dynamics, and estate size to choose the approach that best meets their goals.
A limited estate plan can be suitable for individuals with modest assets, clear beneficiary designations, and no minor children requiring guardianship. If property is owned jointly or has designated beneficiaries, and family relationships are uncomplicated, a simple will and powers of attorney may address immediate needs without the complexity of trust planning. This approach can provide essential protections for incapacity and death while keeping legal fees lower. Still, clients should review beneficiary designations and titling to ensure the intended transfer of assets occurs smoothly.
For individuals less concerned about avoiding probate or maintaining privacy, a straightforward will plus financial and health directives often provide sufficient direction. Probate may be relatively simple and inexpensive when estate assets fall below certain thresholds or are primarily transferred through beneficiary designations. In such situations, clients may prioritize quick, low-cost planning that documents their wishes and appoints decision makers. Even when choosing this route, periodic review ensures documents remain aligned with changing circumstances and legal updates.
Comprehensive planning that includes a revocable living trust helps many families avoid the public probate process, allowing assets to transfer privately and typically more quickly. This approach can reduce administrative burdens for heirs and limit the time properties remain unsettled. Trusts also permit tailored distribution terms and can address blended family concerns, creditor exposure, and long-term care planning. For those who value privacy, want to simplify estate administration, or need more control over when and how beneficiaries receive assets, a full plan often provides better outcomes.
When families have blended dynamics, minor children, special needs beneficiaries, or significant retirement and nonprobate assets, a comprehensive plan offers flexibility and protective structuring. Trusts can facilitate staged distributions, protect inheritances from creditors, and incorporate instructions for managing business interests or unique assets. Properly coordinated beneficiary designations, trust funding, and complementary documents reduce surprises and conflicts. For clients with complex holdings or delicate family circumstances, comprehensive planning anticipates potential issues and provides clear mechanisms to address them.
A comprehensive plan typically improves continuity and reduces disruption for those who must carry out your wishes. By placing assets in a trust, naming decision makers, and coordinating beneficiary designations, you minimize the likelihood of court involvement and create clearer expectations for heirs. This approach also allows for customized distribution schedules, continued care instructions for vulnerable family members, and streamlined management of assets during incapacity. The result is a plan that protects family relationships and reduces administrative delays that often accompany unmanaged estates.
Comprehensive planning also provides an opportunity to consolidate documents and centralize instructions, helping reduce confusion and the risk of conflicting directives. When trusts are properly funded and documents are coordinated, successor trustees and agents can act promptly with legal authority and clear guidance. This structure often reduces legal expense over time and limits disputes by leaving less to interpretation. For many families, the clarity, privacy, and smoother transition justify the initial planning effort and cost.
One of the central benefits of a comprehensive plan is reducing public court involvement through probate avoidance. Trusts can allow assets to pass directly to beneficiaries without court supervision, preserving family privacy and often speeding distribution. This reduces the paperwork and delays families face when a will must be administered through probate court. While not all assets can be placed in a trust, careful planning and asset retitling can significantly limit probate exposure and provide a smoother process for successor trustees to follow.
A comprehensive plan ensures that trusted individuals can step in to manage finances and healthcare decisions if you are unable to do so. Durable financial powers of attorney and advance health care directives grant authority to act and provide clear guidance to medical teams and financial institutions. Trusts also empower successor trustees to manage assets without interruption. Having these documents in place reduces the need for court appointments and helps maintain stability for family members during stressful times, ensuring bills are paid and care decisions are made according to your wishes.
Start your estate planning by creating a full inventory of assets, account numbers, and beneficiary designations. Include bank accounts, retirement plans, life insurance policies, real estate deeds, and digital accounts. This organization helps ensure nothing is unintentionally omitted and makes it easier to determine whether assets should be retitled or transferred into a trust. Keeping an up-to-date inventory also reduces stress for your family and speeds the administration process, making it simpler for agents, trustees, and beneficiaries to locate necessary information when it matters most.
Life events and changes in law make periodic reviews important to keep an estate plan effective. Review documents whenever family circumstances change, when you move, or when major financial events occur, such as inheriting property or selling a business. Regular reviews help identify mismatches in titling and beneficiary designations, and they allow you to revise provisions to reflect current priorities. A scheduled review reduces surprises and keeps your plan aligned with your goals, making transitions easier for those who may need to carry out your wishes in the future.
Creating an estate plan addresses immediate practical concerns and secures long-term intentions. It gives you authority to designate who will manage finances and healthcare in the event of incapacity, names guardians for minor children, and provides a clear roadmap for distributing assets. Without a plan, state law determines many outcomes and may not reflect your wishes. Preparing documents now reduces legal uncertainty, helps minimize costs for loved ones, and ensures that personal and financial decisions reflect your values and priorities rather than default rules.
Estate planning also provides opportunities to protect vulnerable family members, preserve assets for future generations, and create instructions for the management of complex or illiquid property. For business owners, retirement account holders, and families with blended relationships, a well-structured plan can avoid disputes and provide practical solutions for continuity. The process also clarifies succession, tax considerations, and the appointment of individuals who will act when you cannot, helping to maintain stability and protect the long-term wellbeing of those you care about.
People often seek estate planning when they experience major life changes such as marriage, the birth of a child, divorce, or retirement. Other triggers include acquiring significant assets, starting or selling a business, or caring for a loved one with special needs. Even when assets are modest, planning to appoint health care decision makers and financial agents offers protection. Addressing these circumstances through clear documents helps ensure your wishes are followed and reduces the risk of family conflict and administrative delays after incapacity or death.
Becoming a parent often necessitates appointing guardians for minor children and setting aside assets for their future care. An estate plan allows you to name backup guardians, specify trustees to manage funds for education and living expenses, and provide instructions for healthcare decisions. These arrangements help protect children if parents are unable to care for them and reduce ambiguity that could otherwise lead to disputes. Establishing clear plans early ensures children are cared for according to your priorities and that financial resources are managed responsibly on their behalf.
Owning real estate or a business creates additional planning needs to ensure smooth transfer and management. Properly titling property, coordinating deeds with trust documents, and planning for succession of business interests help avoid interruptions and disputes. Trust provisions can allow for ongoing management or orderly sale, while buy-sell arrangements address business succession. Planning for these assets reduces uncertainty, helps preserve value for family members, and ensures that those responsible for carrying them on have the authority and tools necessary to act effectively when the time comes.
When a family member has special needs or there is concern about future long-term care, estate planning can create protections and funding strategies that preserve eligibility for public benefits while providing supplemental support. Special needs trusts and appropriately drafted language permit funds to be used for quality-of-life expenses without jeopardizing benefits. Advance directives and powers of attorney ensure that care decisions are made by trusted individuals. Careful planning protects both the individual’s needs and the family’s financial interests over time.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides estate planning services tailored to the needs of North El Monte residents. We assist with preparing revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and other related documents. Our approach helps families organize assets, name decision makers, and create arrangements for minor children and vulnerable beneficiaries. We also guide clients through trust funding and updates so that plans work when they are needed most. Call 408-528-2827 to discuss your goals and begin creating a plan that fits your family.
Clients choose the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman for practical, clear guidance on estate planning matters. We focus on straightforward communication, careful drafting, and personalized solutions that reflect each client’s circumstances. Our priority is to create documents that function as intended, reduce unnecessary complications, and provide peace of mind. We guide clients through each decision, explain tradeoffs, and prepare cohesive plans that coordinate wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives to align with personal goals.
Our firm assists clients with the full range of estate planning documents, including revocable living trusts, general assignment of assets to trust, certifications of trust, irrevocable life insurance trusts, and retirement plan trusts. We help fund trusts and align account designations to reduce probate exposure. The focus is on practical results that simplify administration and protect family interests. We also provide guidance on trust modification petitions and Heggstad petitions when changes or corrections are needed to ensure plans continue to operate smoothly under changing circumstances.
We emphasize timely communication, careful review of asset ownership, and plain-language explanations of legal choices so clients feel informed and comfortable with their plan. Whether you are preparing a pour-over will, HIPAA authorization, guardianship nominations, or a pet trust, we draft documents to reflect your priorities and provide instructions for successor decision makers. Our goal is to create reliable planning that makes life easier for those who will manage affairs when you cannot, preserving your intentions and supporting family stability.
Our process begins with an initial consultation to understand your family, assets, and objectives. We review current documents, beneficiary designations, and property ownership to spot any gaps or conflicts. After discussing options, we prepare draft documents tailored to your needs and review them with you for clarity and accuracy. Once finalized, we guide you through proper execution formalities and provide instructions for funding trusts and storing documents. We also recommend periodic reviews to keep plans up to date with life changes and legal developments.
The first step is a comprehensive assessment of your goals, family situation, and assets. We gather information about property ownership, account beneficiaries, and potential issues that could affect your plan. During this stage, we discuss who should serve as trustees and agents, guardianship preferences for minor children, and priorities for health care decisions. Clear goal setting at the outset helps us design a plan that accomplishes your objectives while anticipating practical administration challenges that may arise later.
We take time to understand family relationships, special needs, and long-term objectives. Conversations cover how you want assets distributed, whether staged distributions are appropriate, and any protections needed for vulnerable beneficiaries. We also address privacy concerns and preferences for trustees or decision makers. By discussing these topics in detail, we can propose structures that align legal documents with your family’s values and practical needs, reducing ambiguity and making sure the plan is clear for those who will carry it out.
We review deeds, account titles, and beneficiary designations to determine how assets currently pass and what changes are needed to implement your plan. This step identifies assets that should be retitled, transfer-on-death arrangements to consider, and accounts that require updated beneficiaries. Proper coordination in this phase helps prevent unintended outcomes and ensures that trusts are funded so they operate as intended. Attention to these details reduces the likelihood of probate and streamlines the eventual administration of your estate.
After identifying goals and reviewing assets, we draft the necessary documents and present them for your review. Drafting balances legal requirements with clear, plain-language provisions that express your intentions. We encourage collaborative review so you can ask questions and request revisions until the documents accurately reflect your wishes. This stage includes preparing trust instruments, wills, powers of attorney, advance directives, and any supporting documents such as certifications of trust or general assignments to the trust.
We prepare all required instruments, including revocable living trusts when appropriate, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and advance healthcare directives. Drafted provisions address successor trustee powers, beneficiary distributions, and instructions for guardianship and care decisions. Attention is given to coordination among documents so they work together efficiently. Supporting documents, like HIPAA authorizations and certification of trust forms, are prepared to facilitate transactions with financial institutions and healthcare providers when the time comes.
We review the drafted documents with you in detail, explain any technical terms, and make any necessary adjustments to reflect your preferences. This review ensures that the plan matches your expressed goals and that you understand how each document functions. Once finalized, we provide instructions for proper execution and for retitling assets into the trust where applicable. Clear communication at this stage helps avoid misunderstandings and builds confidence that the plan will operate as intended.
After documents are signed, the final step includes funding trusts, updating titles and beneficiary designations, and securely storing executed documents. We provide guidance on transferring property into trusts, recording deeds if necessary, and notifying institutions when appropriate. Ongoing maintenance involves periodic reviews and updates to ensure the plan reflects life changes or legal developments. Helping clients maintain accurate and current documents ensures the plan remains effective and reduces the chance of unintended consequences later.
Funding a trust requires retitling assets into the trust’s name where appropriate, updating beneficiary forms, and preparing deeds for real property transfers. Proper funding is essential for avoiding probate and ensuring the trust operates as intended. We provide step-by-step instructions and support for coordinating with financial institutions and title companies. Thorough follow-through at this stage prevents gaps between your intentions and legal mechanics, giving your successor trustee the authority needed to manage and distribute assets efficiently when the time comes.
Once documents are executed and trusts funded, we recommend storing originals in a secure location and providing copies to key decision makers where appropriate. Periodic review meetings help ensure beneficiary designations, asset ownership, and legal provisions remain current. Life events such as marriages, divorces, births, deaths, or changes in financial status warrant updates. Our firm offers guidance for ongoing maintenance so your plan continues to align with your wishes and adapts to changes over time.
Most adults should consider a combination of a durable financial power of attorney, an advance health care directive with HIPAA authorization, and a basic testamentary document such as a will. A power of attorney allows a trusted person to manage financial matters if you cannot act, and an advance directive communicates your medical preferences and names someone to make health decisions on your behalf. A will can designate guardians for minor children and direct distribution of assets not otherwise titled. Together, these documents ensure your decisions are made by those you trust and provide clear guidance during challenging times. Beyond these basics, many people benefit from a revocable living trust to avoid probate and provide continuity in managing assets during incapacity. Trusts can be tailored to address staged distributions, support for vulnerable beneficiaries, or other long-term goals. Reviewing beneficiary designations on accounts and life insurance is also essential, because beneficiary forms often control the distribution of those assets. Regular review and coordination of all documents help ensure your plan reflects current wishes and avoids unintended outcomes.
A revocable living trust and a will serve different functions. A will directs the distribution of assets that pass through probate and names guardians for minor children, while a revocable living trust holds assets during your life and directs their distribution after death without probate for assets properly funded to the trust. Trusts generally provide more privacy and a faster transfer process, whereas wills become public through probate and may involve court supervision. The choice depends on factors such as asset complexity, privacy concerns, and the desire to avoid probate. Both instruments can work together: a pour-over will can catch property unintentionally left out of the trust and transfer it into the trust at death. Even with a trust in place, certain assets may pass by beneficiary designation or joint ownership, so coordinating account titles and beneficiaries is essential to achieve your intended outcome. We help evaluate which approach best meets a client’s goals and coordinate documents accordingly.
Update your estate plan whenever major life events occur, such as marriage, divorce, the birth or adoption of a child, the death of a beneficiary or fiduciary, or significant changes in assets. Moving to a different state, starting or selling a business, or changes in tax laws can also warrant a review. Regular periodic reviews every few years ensure that documents remain aligned with current wishes and that beneficiary designations and account titles reflect your plan. Proactive updates reduce the risk that outdated documents will conflict with your intentions. Even small changes can have important consequences, so it is important to review beneficiary designations, retirement account recipients, and property ownership after any transaction or family development. If a guardian, trustee, or agent you named is no longer appropriate, or if your financial situation has changed substantially, revising documents helps avoid confusion and potential disputes for those who will act on your behalf in the future.
A durable financial power of attorney gives a designated person authority to manage financial affairs if you cannot do so, allowing bills to be paid, investments to be managed, and other necessary transactions to proceed without court intervention. Without a power of attorney, family members may need to seek court-appointed conservatorship to manage assets, which can be time-consuming and costly. A properly drafted power of attorney can take effect immediately or solely upon incapacity, depending on your preference. A health care directive and HIPAA authorization work alongside a financial power of attorney by naming someone to make medical decisions and access medical records. These documents grant authority to act in critical moments, ensuring decisions are made by people you choose and that providers have clear guidance about your preferences. Together, these authorities provide continuity and clarity during periods when you cannot speak for yourself.
Yes, revocable trusts are designed to be changed or revoked by the person who created them while they remain competent. This flexibility allows you to adapt your plan to new circumstances such as remarriage, changes in assets, or shifts in family dynamics. Amendments and restatements are common methods for updating trust terms while preserving existing structures. The ability to modify a trust is one of its primary advantages for those who want ongoing control and adaptability in their planning. While revocable trusts can be altered, irrevocable trusts generally cannot be changed easily once established. If a client anticipates the need for future changes, a revocable approach may be preferable. When changes are needed to an existing trust, we assist with the appropriate legal steps to amend, restate, or, where possible, seek court authorization to address unforeseen issues, ensuring the trust continues to serve the client’s goals effectively.
Selecting a trustee or agent requires thoughtful consideration of judgment, reliability, and availability. Choose someone who understands your values, can manage practical tasks, and will carry out instructions responsibly. For trustees, consider whether the role requires financial acumen or a willingness to work with professionals for investment and tax matters. Naming a successor trustee ensures continuity if the primary choice becomes unable or unwilling to serve. It can be helpful to name more than one person or a professional institution as a co-trustee or successor trustee for added stability. Open conversations with potential trustees and agents help confirm their willingness to serve and clarify expectations. Documenting preferences and providing clear instructions in your plan reduces ambiguity and aids those who will act on your behalf. If no suitable individual is available, naming a trusted third party to assist or appointing a corporate fiduciary can provide continuity and professional management when needed.
Estate planning can reduce certain taxes and legal costs, but it rarely eliminates all obligations. For many families, tools like trusts and strategic beneficiary designations can minimize probate expenses and provide tax planning opportunities, but the effectiveness depends on asset composition, estate size, and applicable tax laws. Some strategies may reduce estate tax exposure or preserve retirement benefits for heirs, while others focus on asset protection and eligibility for public benefits. A realistic approach considers both legal and financial implications to achieve the most practical outcome for your circumstances. Careful planning and coordination of assets, titling, and documents can significantly lower administrative costs and delays compared with leaving affairs unmanaged. However, each situation is different, and certain taxes or creditor claims may still apply. We discuss realistic expectations and recommended strategies to reduce unnecessary expenses, preserve value for beneficiaries, and address tax considerations where appropriate for the client’s goals.
Funding a trust involves transferring ownership of assets into the name of the trust so the trust document governs those assets. This often includes re-titling bank and investment accounts, recording new deeds for real property, and updating beneficiary designations where appropriate. Some assets, such as retirement accounts, may be best left with beneficiary designations that complement a trust strategy. Proper funding prevents assets from passing through probate and ensures the successor trustee has authority to manage and distribute trust property according to your instructions. The funding process requires attention to detail and coordination with financial institutions and title companies. We provide clear instructions and assistance to complete transfers, create certification of trust documents to present to institutions, and confirm that transactions are recorded correctly. Regular review after funding helps identify any accounts inadvertently left out and provides an opportunity to correct errors before they cause complications for your heirs.
Minor children are commonly provided for through guardianship designations in a will and through trust provisions that manage funds on their behalf. A will allows you to name a guardian to care for the child’s person, while a trust can hold assets and provide for their education, healthcare, and living expenses until they reach an age you specify. Staggered distributions and spendthrift provisions can protect assets from misuse and provide support during different life stages, offering a structured approach to long-term care and inheritance. Naming a trustee and backup trustees for a child’s trust is important to ensure consistent management if the primary trustee cannot serve. Clear instructions about the intended use of funds and conditions for distributions reduce the need for court involvement and minimize disputes. This combined approach ensures both personal care and financial support are planned for, aligning with your wishes for the child’s upbringing and future needs.
A pour-over will works with a revocable living trust to capture any assets left outside the trust at death and transfer them into the trust for distribution according to trust terms. While it does not prevent probate for those assets that pass through the will, it ensures that any overlooked property is ultimately distributed under the trust’s provisions. A pour-over will acts as a safety net to catch unintended omissions and maintain the overall integrity of the estate plan. Even with a pour-over will, proactive funding of the trust during life remains important to minimize probate. The pour-over will is an effective complementary tool, but relying on it alone can leave assets subject to probate and delay distributions. Combining a funded trust with a pour-over will provides both continuity and a backup mechanism to ensure assets are distributed as intended.
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