A Last Will and Testament is a foundational estate planning document that states how your assets should be distributed after your death, names a personal representative to carry out your wishes, and can appoint guardians for minor children. For residents of Quartz Hill, having a clear and legally valid will helps prevent disputes, ensures your family’s needs are considered, and provides direction to the people you trust. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman we focus on practical, legally sound wills that reflect each client’s personal circumstances, family dynamics, and financial objectives while complying with California law and local court procedures.
Preparing a Last Will and Testament involves more than filling in names and dates. It requires careful consideration of property ownership, beneficiary designations, potential tax implications, and successor appointments. Our approach includes reviewing existing estate documents such as trusts, powers of attorney, and beneficiary forms to ensure consistency across your plan. We also help clients understand how wills interact with revocable living trusts and other instruments, and how probate may apply in Los Angeles County. The goal is to create a will that minimizes uncertainty and makes administration clear and manageable for your family.
A properly drafted Last Will and Testament clarifies your wishes for distributing property, appoints a trusted personal representative to manage the estate, and can nominate guardians for minor children, which is particularly important for parents. It also reduces the potential for disputes among heirs and streamlines the probate process. In situations where assets are not owned by a trust, the will directs the court and personal representative how to proceed. For individuals in Quartz Hill, this peace of mind extends to protecting homes, family heirlooms, retirement benefits, and other assets while ensuring that your medical and guardianship preferences are recognized.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman offers personalized estate planning services to residents throughout California, including Quartz Hill and the surrounding Los Angeles County communities. Our team places emphasis on clear communication, attentive client service, and a practical approach to drafting wills and related documents. We take the time to understand family relationships, asset ownership, and individual priorities to prepare wills that align with clients’ goals. Our practice is grounded in local probate rules and California estate law, so clients receive documents designed to withstand common challenges that can arise during estate administration.
A Last Will and Testament is a testamentary document executed during your lifetime that becomes effective upon your death. It names beneficiaries who will receive assets that are not otherwise titled or designated through beneficiary forms, appoints a personal representative to manage and distribute the estate, and can include instructions for guardianship of minor children. Wills must meet California’s formal signing and witnessing requirements to be valid. It’s important to consider how joint ownership, trusts, retirement accounts, and beneficiary designations interact with the will so that the intended distribution of assets is achieved smoothly and consistently.
While a will governs distribution of probate assets, many assets pass outside probate through trusts, joint tenancy, or beneficiary designations. Therefore, a will often serves as a safety net to ensure any assets not otherwise disposed of are distributed according to your wishes. Preparing a will requires reviewing all asset titles and beneficiary designations to avoid conflicts and unintended consequences. Additionally, wills can include specific bequests, residuary provisions to distribute remaining property, and instructions for funeral arrangements, providing comprehensive guidance to your chosen personal representative and helping to reduce confusion after you pass away.
A Last Will and Testament is a written declaration expressing a person’s intentions about the distribution of their property after death and naming someone to carry out those wishes. It may also include directives regarding the care of minor children, the disposition of personal items, and the handling of debts and expenses. In California, wills must be signed by the testator and witnessed by two people, or properly notarized in the case of a self-proving will, to avoid probate complications. The will becomes a public document upon filing in probate court, where the named personal representative seeks authorization to administer the estate according to the testator’s instructions.
A valid will typically includes the testator’s full name and residence, a clear statement revoking prior wills, appointment of a personal representative, specific bequests, a residuary clause for remaining assets, and signatures from the testator and required witnesses. Additional steps include gathering asset inventories, documenting beneficiary designations, and ensuring all formalities are observed under California law. After death, the personal representative may file the will with the county probate court to open administration if probate is necessary. Proper planning at the drafting stage can simplify administration and reduce delays for surviving family members.
Understanding common terms such as personal representative, probate, beneficiary, residuary estate, and intestacy can demystify the will creation and administration process. Knowing these definitions helps you make informed choices when naming fiduciaries or choosing how to pass assets. We provide plain-language explanations of terms that frequently arise during estate planning and probate so clients feel confident about the legal mechanisms that affect their property and family. This glossary clarifies how different instruments behave and highlights considerations for avoiding unintended results after death.
The personal representative, sometimes called an executor, is the person appointed in a will to manage administration of the estate. Their duties can include identifying and securing assets, paying debts and taxes, filing necessary court documents, and distributing property to beneficiaries according to the will. In California, the court issues letters testamentary or letters of administration to give the representative legal authority to act on behalf of the estate. Choosing a trustworthy and organized personal representative is essential because they will handle sensitive financial and family matters during the probate process.
The residuary estate is the portion of an estate that remains after specific bequests, debts, taxes, and administrative expenses have been paid. A residuary clause in a will directs where the remainder of the assets should go, and helps prevent partial intestacy when particular gifts do not exhaust the estate. Specifying clear residuary beneficiaries reduces ambiguity and ensures that all property is addressed. If the residuary clause is missing or ambiguous, state intestacy laws may determine distribution for any remaining assets, which can lead to unintended recipients or additional legal proceedings.
Probate is the legal process through which a deceased person’s will is validated and the estate is administered under court supervision. During probate, the personal representative identifies assets, notifies creditors, pays valid claims, and distributes remaining property to beneficiaries. The probate process varies by jurisdiction, and in California it generally involves filing the will with the superior court in the county where the decedent lived. Not all estates must undergo probate; assets held in a trust, joint tenancy property, and accounts with designated beneficiaries typically pass outside probate. Effective planning can reduce or avoid probate where appropriate.
Intestacy occurs when someone dies without a valid will, or when parts of their estate are not covered by a will. In such cases, state law determines who inherits property, often prioritizing spouses, children, and other close relatives. Intestacy can result in outcomes that differ from what the decedent would have chosen, may increase family conflict, and can complicate the administration process. Preparing a will ensures your specific wishes are reflected and reduces the likelihood of intestacy, helping to protect your family’s intentions for asset distribution and guardianship decisions for minors.
Wills, trusts, beneficiary designations, and joint ownership are different methods to transfer assets, each with advantages and limitations. A will is the primary document for directing distribution of probate assets and appointing guardians, while a revocable living trust can allow assets to pass outside of probate and provide continuity of management if incapacity occurs. Beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and life insurance bypass wills, so coordination among documents is essential. Choosing the right combination depends on factors such as asset types, privacy preferences, family structure, and how much probate avoidance is desired.
A straightforward Last Will and Testament may be suitable for individuals with modest estates, uncomplicated family relationships, and clear beneficiary designations on financial accounts. When assets are limited and most property passes by beneficiary designations or joint ownership, a simple will can provide necessary backup instructions for any remaining probate assets and designate guardians for minor children. This approach keeps planning affordable and efficient while ensuring the essential elements of asset distribution and personal representative appointment are documented under California law.
Some individuals prioritize a clear, low-cost estate plan that addresses immediate concerns such as beneficiaries and guardianship without creating additional legal structures. A will can be a practical choice in those cases, providing explicit directions that guide probate administration if necessary. Clients who prefer to revisit their planning later often start with a will and supplement it as circumstances change. Even a basic will should be drafted carefully to avoid unintended consequences and to ensure it is valid under California’s formalities for signing and witnessing.
Comprehensive estate planning is recommended when assets include business interests, multiple real estate holdings, retirement accounts, or when family situations involve blended families, minor beneficiaries with special needs, or potential creditor concerns. A coordinated plan using trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and beneficiary forms helps to manage tax exposure, protect assets, and maintain continuity of management during incapacity. Addressing these complexities at the outset reduces the potential for litigation, ensures smoother transitions for heirs, and helps align legal documents with financial and family objectives.
Clients who prioritize privacy, want to minimize time and expense in probate, or seek a seamless plan for managing assets during incapacity often benefit from a comprehensive strategy. Revocable living trusts, combined with appropriate beneficiary designations and powers of attorney, can allow property management without court involvement and maintain confidentiality. Comprehensive planning also ensures that incapacity planning is in place so trusted agents can act promptly if health issues arise. Tailoring documents to meet these goals provides more control over how assets are handled and distributed.
A comprehensive approach unifies wills, trusts, and other documents so they work together to achieve an individual’s goals. It can reduce the time and expense of probate, provide clearer management during incapacity, and help preserve assets for intended beneficiaries. By coordinating asset ownership, beneficiary designations, and successor appointments, a complete plan minimizes conflicting instructions and reduces administrative burdens for loved ones. It also allows for custom provisions addressing family needs, such as protecting inheritances for minors or structuring distributions to suit particular circumstances.
Beyond probate considerations, a coordinated estate plan helps address tax planning, creditor protection, and special family circumstances with tailored provisions. Implementing powers of attorney and health care directives alongside wills and trusts ensures that decision-makers are appointed in advance. The result is a more predictable transition of assets and authority, which can lower stress for family members and provide a clear roadmap after someone passes or becomes incapacitated. This proactive planning is valuable for those who wish to leave thorough instructions and reduce administrative uncertainty.
When wills are integrated with trust planning and properly coordinated beneficiary designations, the likelihood of lengthy probate proceedings can be reduced. Fewer assets subject to probate means less court oversight, streamlined estate settlement, and potentially lower administrative costs. This reduction in formalities not only speeds up distribution to beneficiaries but also lessens the time family members must spend dealing with legal and financial administration. For those with significant property or assets spread across multiple accounts, coordinated planning is an effective way to ease the load on loved ones who will handle affairs.
A comprehensive estate plan includes documents that appoint trusted decision-makers to manage financial and health matters if you become unable to do so. Powers of attorney and advance health care directives provide legal authority for those individuals to act on your behalf without court intervention. Trust arrangements can also permit continuity of asset management during incapacity. This clarity prevents delays and uncertainty, ensuring that bills are paid, investments are managed, and health care preferences are respected, which supports family stability during difficult times.
Begin the will preparation process by compiling a thorough inventory of your assets, including real estate, bank accounts, investments, retirement plans, life insurance, personal property, and digital accounts. Note how each asset is titled and whether beneficiary designations exist, since some items pass outside a will. Listing intended beneficiaries and alternate recipients helps reduce ambiguity and speeds up drafting. This preparation provides the foundation for clear bequests and a residuary clause that accurately reflects your wishes, making it easier for your personal representative to administer the estate after your passing.
Life changes such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, property acquisitions, or changes in beneficiary designations can affect how your will should be structured. Schedule periodic reviews of your will and related estate documents, especially after major life events, to confirm that beneficiaries, asset titles, and fiduciary appointments remain appropriate. Regular reviews help keep your plan current with your intentions and with any changes in the law. Making timely updates reduces the risk of unintended distributions and ensures your estate plan reflects your present priorities.
Residents of Quartz Hill should consider preparing a Last Will and Testament to ensure that their assets are distributed according to their wishes, to appoint a personal representative who will oversee estate matters, and to nominate guardians for minor children. A will provides legal clarity that can help minimize conflict and administrative delays after death. It also serves as a backstop for assets that do not transfer automatically through trusts or beneficiary designations, ensuring that property is handled appropriately under California law and reflecting the decedent’s personal priorities and family needs.
In addition to distribution directives, a will allows individuals to express preferences for funeral arrangements and to allocate personal property in specific ways. For families with blended relationships or special circumstances, a will can address the fair distribution of assets and provide guidance for the personal representative. Even when a broader trust-based plan is in place, a pour-over will is often used to capture any assets inadvertently left outside a trust. Creating a will is a key component of a responsible estate plan that protects family members and preserves individual intent.
Typical scenarios that call for a Last Will and Testament include having minor children who need a guardian appointed, owning assets without beneficiary designations, or wanting to specify how personal belongings should be distributed. Other circumstances include having blended family dynamics, owning real estate in your name alone, or preferring to direct the distribution of assets differently than what state intestacy laws would provide. Preparing a will addresses these situations and provides legal instructions that reduce uncertainty for surviving family members during probate and estate administration.
Parents with minor children should prepare a will to nominate guardians and outline how any inheritance should be managed for the children’s benefit. A will allows a parent to name trusted individuals to care for minors and designate how assets will be used for the children’s needs, including education and living expenses. Without a will, guardianship decisions and asset distribution may be left to the courts and state laws, which may not reflect the parent’s preferred arrangements. A carefully drafted will provides peace of mind and protects a child’s future.
When assets lack beneficiary designations or are held solely in the decedent’s name, a will is necessary to ensure those items are distributed according to the decedent’s wishes. Financial accounts, personal property, or real estate that are not part of a trust or have no designated beneficiaries will typically be handled through probate and distributed under the terms of the will. Clarifying these intentions in a will helps prevent unintended inheritances and makes the probate process more straightforward for the personal representative and beneficiaries.
Blended families and complex relationships often require careful planning to ensure that each person’s wishes are honored and that provisions are made for children from prior relationships. A will allows individuals to provide specific instructions on which assets go to which family members and to structure distributions in a way that avoids ambiguity. Including a clear residuary clause and specifying alternate beneficiaries reduces the likelihood of family disputes and helps balance competing interests while reflecting the decedent’s intentions.
For residents of Quartz Hill and surrounding areas, our firm provides practical assistance with drafting Last Wills and Testaments, coordinating wills with trusts and beneficiary designations, and advising on probate considerations in Los Angeles County. We help clients identify which assets will be affected by a will, prepare testamentary documents that meet California requirements, and guide families through subsequent administration steps when necessary. Our goal is to make the process clear and manageable so that your wishes are documented and your family has a roadmap for carrying them out.
Clients choose our firm because we emphasize careful planning, clear documents, and responsive communication throughout the estate planning process. We work to understand family dynamics, financial arrangements, and personal priorities to prepare wills that reflect clients’ intentions and comply with California law. Our office provides practical guidance on how a will interacts with other estate planning tools so clients can make informed choices about asset titling, beneficiary designations, and probate avoidance strategies when appropriate.
We assist clients in organizing their estate information, drafting legally sound wills, and providing instructions for the personal representative and beneficiaries. Our work includes preparing pour-over wills that coordinate with revocable living trusts and advising on the formalities necessary to avoid probate delays. Throughout the process we prioritize clarity and accessibility, helping clients understand possible outcomes and making adjustments as needed to ensure documents remain aligned with evolving family and financial circumstances.
Our approach includes reviewing existing estate documents such as powers of attorney and advance health care directives to ensure consistency and continuity. We help clients plan for incapacity and provide guidance on how to maintain estate planning documents over time. By taking a comprehensive view, we reduce the risk of conflicts and administrative challenges, enabling families to focus on what matters most during transitions and ensuring that personal wishes are documented and actionable.
Our process for preparing a Last Will and Testament begins with a consultation to learn about your assets, family relationships, and objectives. We collect documentation, review beneficiary designations and titling, and recommend provisions that reflect your intentions while complying with California law. After drafting the will, we explain the document’s terms and required signing procedures, including witness and self-proving options. If probate administration is required later, we guide your personal representative through filings and court procedures, aiming to streamline the process and reduce uncertainty for your family.
The initial meeting gathers essential information about family members, asset ownership, beneficiary designations, and prior estate documents. We discuss your goals for distribution, guardianship preferences, and any special considerations such as creditor protection or charitable gifts. This review helps identify assets that should be titled to a trust, accounts requiring beneficiary updates, or areas where a will should provide backup instructions. Thorough preparation at this stage helps ensure the resulting will accurately represents your intentions and reduces the chance of overlooked issues during administration.
We assist clients in gathering deeds, account statements, retirement plan information, life insurance policies, and existing estate planning documents so we can assess what is governed by a will and what passes outside of it. Reviewing account titles and beneficiary designations uncovers potential conflicts or gaps that should be addressed in the will or through complementary documents like trusts. This comprehensive review is an important foundation for preparing a will that functions smoothly with other components of your estate plan.
During the first stage we explore your priorities for asset distribution, guardianship choices for minor children, and any specific bequests you wish to make. We also discuss alternate beneficiaries and contingencies in the event primary beneficiaries predecease you. These conversations guide drafting decisions and help create clear residuary provisions. Considering these matters early ensures the will addresses foreseeable scenarios and reduces ambiguity for the personal representative and beneficiaries.
After gathering information and clarifying your objectives, we draft a will tailored to your circumstances. The draft includes specific bequests, residuary clauses, and fiduciary appointments, and is reviewed with you to confirm accuracy and intent. We explain the effects of each provision and suggest complementary documents where appropriate. Once the draft meets your approval, we finalize the will so it can be executed in accordance with California formalities, including witness signatures and optional self-proving notarization to reduce future administrative steps.
Clients carefully review the drafted will with guidance to ensure every provision reflects their intent. We accommodate reasonable revisions and clarify any legal concepts in plain language. This collaborative review helps prevent misunderstandings and ensures that beneficiaries, property descriptions, and fiduciary appointments are properly documented. After final approval, we prepare the document for execution with instructions about required witness presence and options that may simplify future probate proceedings.
Once the will is finalized, we guide clients through the lawful signing process, including obtaining the required witness signatures or arranging for a self-proving affidavit to be notarized. We provide instructions for safekeeping the original will and discuss how to inform nominated fiduciaries of their roles. Proper execution and preservation reduce the risk of challenges and ensure the personal representative can locate the document when needed. Clients receive copies and recommendations for storing or registering the will safely.
Estate planning is not a one-time task. We encourage periodic reviews to account for life events such as marriage, divorce, births, or major financial changes, and we assist with updates or codicils when necessary. If the testator passes and probate is required, we support the personal representative with filings, accounting, creditor notices, and distributions. Our assistance aims to guide fiduciaries through the process, answer questions that arise, and help resolve procedural issues to facilitate timely and effective estate administration.
We recommend reviewing wills and related documents every few years or after major life events to ensure they continue to reflect current wishes. Small changes in family circumstances or asset ownership can render provisions outdated or create unintended results, so timely updates maintain plan integrity. During reviews, we examine beneficiary designations, titling of assets, and whether changes to fiduciaries are appropriate, offering amendments or new documents when necessary to align the plan with present needs.
If probate is necessary, we help the personal representative understand filing requirements, prepare required inventories, handle creditor claims, and navigate distributions to beneficiaries. Our guidance focuses on meeting court deadlines, maintaining accurate records, and resolving common issues that arise in administration. Providing this support reduces the likelihood of procedural errors and helps fiduciaries carry out their duties diligently while protecting the estate and beneficiaries during the probate process.
A will is a testamentary document that takes effect upon death and directs how probate assets should be distributed, names a personal representative to administer the estate, and can appoint guardians for minor children. A trust, particularly a revocable living trust, can hold assets during your lifetime and often allows those assets to pass outside of probate, providing continuity of management and privacy. Trusts can be useful for avoiding probate, managing assets during incapacity, and setting detailed distribution instructions, while wills serve as a primary vehicle for probate assets and guardianship nominations. Deciding whether to use a will, a trust, or both depends on factors such as the types of assets you own, your privacy preferences, and whether you want probate avoidance. For many clients, a pour-over will works together with a revocable trust to catch any assets not transferred into the trust during life. Reviewing ownership titles, beneficiary designations, and family goals will determine the right combination of documents to achieve smooth administration and clear distribution of property.
Beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and life insurance pay directly to named beneficiaries and generally override instructions in a will for those specific assets. However, a will remains important to address assets that do not pass by beneficiary designation, such as personal property, real estate held in your name alone, or accounts without named beneficiaries. A will also allows you to appoint a personal representative and name guardians for minor children, matters not handled by beneficiary forms. It’s important to coordinate beneficiary designations with your will to avoid unintended results. Periodic reviews ensure designations reflect current wishes, and a comprehensive plan can include a pour-over will that directs any assets outside a trust to be transferred into it after death. Proper coordination reduces the risk of conflict and simplifies administration for your heirs.
Choosing a personal representative involves selecting someone trustworthy, organized, and able to handle financial and administrative responsibilities. Candidates might include a responsible family member, a close friend, or a professional fiduciary if no suitable private individual is available. Consider the candidate’s availability, willingness to serve, geographic proximity, and comfort with handling iterative tasks such as locating assets, paying bills, filing tax returns, and communicating with beneficiaries. It’s wise to name alternate personal representatives in case the first choice is unable or unwilling to serve. Discussing the role with chosen individuals ahead of time can reduce surprises and ensure that they know where to find important documents. Clear guidance within the will and supplementary documents helps the personal representative fulfill their duties efficiently and respectfully.
Yes, you can update your will after signing it by executing a new will that expressly revokes prior wills, or by adding a codicil to modify specific provisions while keeping the remainder intact. California law requires that wills and codicils be signed and witnessed according to formalities to be valid, so changes should follow the same execution requirements to avoid ambiguities or challenges. Regular updates are recommended after major life events to keep the document aligned with current wishes and circumstances. Destroying the original will with the intent to revoke it can also terminate a prior will, but this approach risks unintended outcomes if not done carefully. Working with counsel to draft a new will or codicil ensures clarity, proper execution, and reduces the likelihood of disputes among beneficiaries or questions about testamentary capacity or intent.
If you die without a valid will in California, your estate is distributed according to state intestacy laws, which allocate property based on relationships such as spouse, children, parents, and other relatives. This automatic distribution may not reflect your personal wishes and can lead to outcomes that differ from what you would have chosen. Intestacy may also increase the likelihood of family disputes and a more protracted administration process under court supervision. Dying intestate also means you do not nominate a personal representative or guardians for minor children in a will, so those decisions may involve additional court proceedings. Preparing a will allows you to control distributions, appoint fiduciaries, and provide clear guidance, reducing uncertainty and ensuring that your preferences are followed to the greatest extent permitted by law.
The length of probate in Los Angeles County varies depending on the estate’s complexity, creditor claims, court schedules, and whether the estate qualifies for simplified procedures. Small estates that meet statutory thresholds may qualify for streamlined administration, which can shorten the process, while larger or contested estates can take many months or longer to complete. Factors such as property requiring appraisals, disputes among heirs, or unresolved tax issues can extend the timeline significantly. Planning ahead by coordinating beneficiary designations, using trusts for certain assets, and ensuring clear documentation can reduce the scope of assets that must go through probate and potentially shorten administration times. Proper preparation and timely filings by the personal representative also help avoid unnecessary delays and reduce administrative burdens on beneficiaries.
A will can be contested by interested parties for a variety of reasons, including allegations of undue influence, lack of testamentary capacity, improper execution, or fraud. Contests typically require evidence and are resolved in probate court, which can be time-consuming and costly. Clearly documenting your intentions and following formal execution procedures, such as obtaining witness signatures and considering a self-proving affidavit, can reduce questions about validity after death. While contests cannot be entirely eliminated, using clear language, maintaining contemporaneous records, and ensuring that the signing process adheres to legal formalities helps minimize grounds for challenge. Discussing potential contentious issues with family in advance or using complementary planning tools can also help reduce the likelihood of post-death disputes.
Yes, parents should name guardians for minor children in a will to express their preference for who should care for children if both parents pass away or are otherwise unable to serve. Naming a guardian provides guidance to the court and can reduce uncertainty during an already difficult time. It’s also advisable to name alternate guardians in case the primary choice is unavailable, and to discuss the appointment with the chosen individuals to confirm their willingness. In addition to naming guardians, parents should consider how any inheritance for minors will be managed, whether through supervised distributions by a personal representative, a testamentary trust for children, or another arrangement. Clear instructions about the use of funds for education, health care, and living expenses help ensure the children’s needs are met and that assets are preserved responsibly.
A pour-over will is used in conjunction with a revocable living trust to direct any assets accidentally left outside the trust into the trust upon death. This document acts as a safety net to ensure that assets meant to be governed by the trust ultimately become part of it, reducing the risk of unintended probate for those items. The pour-over will names the trust as beneficiary of any remaining probate assets and appoints a personal representative to carry out the transfer to the trust upon administration. While a pour-over will helps consolidate assets into the trust, assets that pass under a pour-over will still may be subject to probate before being transferred to the trust. Therefore, funding the trust during life and coordinating titling and beneficiary designations with the trust and will is important to minimize probate exposure and ensure a smooth transfer of assets upon death.
The original will should be stored in a safe but accessible location, such as a locked safe in your home, a safe deposit box, or with your attorney, with clear instructions to trusted individuals about where to find it. If stored in a safe deposit box, the personal representative should be given access upon death to avoid delays. It’s important that the original signed will, not just a copy, can be located by the personal representative when probate begins. Provide trusted family members or your personal representative with the location or a copy of the will as appropriate, and consider leaving a summary of where other important documents can be found. Registering the will with a repository or providing instructions in a secure record can facilitate timely filing and reduce stress for loved ones during administration.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas