Planning for guardianship nominations is a vital part of estate planning for parents in Val Verde and the surrounding Los Angeles County communities. Naming a guardian in advance ensures that your children have a trusted adult ready to care for them if you are unable to do so. This document explains how guardianship nominations work, why they matter, and the practical steps you can take to protect your family. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we help clients understand how guardianship provisions interact with wills, trusts, and other planning tools to reflect personal values and family circumstances.
Many families delay addressing guardianship nominations because the topic feels emotional or complex, but taking action provides peace of mind and clear instructions for those left to make difficult decisions. Guardianship nominations reduce uncertainty by directing who should take primary responsibility for your children and how their care should be managed. This guide covers common scenarios, legal definitions, and the paperwork typically used in California, including how guardianship nominations are incorporated into wills, trust documents, and advance directives. We emphasize practical advice that helps parents make informed choices tailored to their family dynamics.
Naming a guardian is a proactive step that reduces uncertainty for caregivers, minimizes family conflict, and speeds the transition if you become unable to care for your children. A clearly stated nomination helps family members, courts, and childcare providers follow your wishes, protecting your children’s emotional stability and financial well-being. In addition, guardianship nominations can work alongside other estate planning documents—such as wills, trusts, and powers of attorney—to coordinate financial management and healthcare decisions for minors. Taking the time to document preferences ensures your children are placed with someone you trust and that their daily needs and long-term goals are considered.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provide thoughtful estate planning services tailored to California families, with a focus on practical solutions for guardianship nominations. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, careful drafting, and coordination across related documents, including revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. We work to understand each family’s values, relationships, and financial circumstances so that the guardianship nomination reflects both immediate childcare needs and longer term considerations for education and asset management. Clients receive personalized guidance to create durable plans suitable for southern California’s legal landscape.
Guardianship nominations identify the individuals you prefer to care for your minor children if you are unable to do so. In California, these nominations are usually included in a last will and testament or in a separate statutory nomination of guardian form. While a court makes a final appointment, a clear nomination carries significant weight and can help guide the court’s decision. Guardianship nominations can also specify alternate guardians in case the primary nominee is unable or unwilling to serve. Understanding how these nominations interact with trusts and estate documents helps families create aligned plans that address both care and financial stewardship for children.
When preparing a guardianship nomination, parents consider factors such as the proposed guardian’s values, parenting style, geographic location, and ability to manage children’s needs. It is common to pair a nomination with instructions about financial arrangements, such as funding a trust for a child’s support and education or naming someone to manage assets on behalf of a minor. While the nomination guides the court, additional documents like guardianship letters, powers of attorney for healthcare, and trust provisions provide practical tools to ensure continuity of care and access to funds needed for the child’s daily needs, education, and healthcare.
A guardianship nomination is a legal statement, typically placed in a will or a specific statutory form, that names the person or persons you prefer to raise your minor children if you cannot. The nomination does not avoid court involvement, but judges generally give significant consideration to a parent’s stated preferences, unless there are clear reasons not to. The nomination can include primary and alternate choices, and may be accompanied by instructions about living arrangements, education, religious upbringing, or medical preferences. Including a nomination simplifies the legal process and communicates your intentions to family members and the court.
A complete guardianship nomination addresses both the appointment of a guardian and practical arrangements for a child’s care. Important elements include naming primary and alternate guardians, specifying any conditions or preferences, coordinating financial support through trusts or bequests, and ensuring healthcare directives are in place. The process typically involves drafting the nomination in a legally recognized format, discussing your choice with the nominated guardians so they are willing to serve, and ensuring your other estate documents align with the nomination. Regular reviews and updates are recommended when family circumstances, relationships, or laws change.
Understanding common terms helps when making guardianship nominations. This section defines frequently used words and explains how they relate to your overall estate plan. Clear definitions make it easier to choose appropriate guardians, coordinate financial protections such as trusts or pour-over wills, and ensure that healthcare and financial decision-making arrangements support your children’s needs. Knowing these terms reduces confusion when speaking with family members or legal advisors and helps you draft documents that reflect your wishes while complying with California law.
A guardianship nomination is a formal statement in a will or statutory form naming one or more individuals you prefer to appoint as guardian for your minor children if you are unable to care for them. While the court retains final authority to appoint a guardian, a parent’s nomination is an influential expression of intent. The nomination can include alternates and may be paired with provisions directing financial support through a trust or a will. Including clear nominations helps reduce uncertainty and guides family members and the court in making decisions that respect your wishes.
A conservatorship is a court process in which an adult is appointed to manage the financial or personal care decisions for someone who cannot do so themselves. Though distinct from guardianship over minors, conservatorship may be relevant if a guardian will also oversee a minor’s financial affairs or if an adult family member requires similar court-appointed assistance. Conservatorships involve court supervision, reporting requirements, and fiduciary duties. Families often use other planning tools, such as trusts and durable powers of attorney, to avoid or minimize the need for conservatorship in appropriate situations.
Trust funding for minors involves setting aside assets in a trust to provide for a child’s ongoing support, education, and care after a parent’s incapacity or death. A parental nomination of a guardian addresses day-to-day custody, while a trust can appoint a trustee to manage money for the child’s benefit. Trust terms can specify distribution ages, conditions for access to funds, and instructions for spending. Coordinating guardianship nominations with trust arrangements ensures that a child’s caregiver has access to resources needed to follow through on the parents’ plans for education, healthcare, and general welfare.
A pour-over will is a will designed to transfer any assets that were not already placed into a trust at the time of a parent’s death into that trust. For families naming guardians, a pour-over will can make sure that financial assets intended for a child are ultimately administered under the trust terms, even if they were not previously retitled. This mechanism helps keep financial care consistent with guardianship nominations by ensuring that funds are available and managed according to the parents’ instructions, providing greater continuity of care and reduced court involvement for asset administration.
Families can choose a limited approach, focusing solely on a guardianship nomination in a will, or take a more comprehensive path that coordinates nominations with trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. A limited approach is quicker and may be suitable for straightforward family situations, but it might leave practical gaps in financial management or healthcare decision authority. The comprehensive path provides layered protections—naming guardians, funding trusts for minors, and ensuring medical authorization and access to funds. Considering both the family’s resources and the complexity of relationships helps determine the most appropriate level of planning.
A limited guardianship nomination may be sufficient when there is a clear, reliable family network ready to provide care and financial arrangements are straightforward. If nominated guardians are prepared to manage day-to-day needs and the parents’ assets are modest or already accessible to caregivers, a brief nomination in a will can give courts guidance without extensive trust structures. However, it remains important to ensure that nominated guardians are willing to serve and that any necessary documents, such as healthcare directives and basic financial authorizations, are in place to avoid delays and confusion during an already stressful time.
When a family’s financial picture is uncomplicated and funds can be easily transferred to a guardian or used to support a child, a limited nomination may meet the family’s needs. In these situations, parents often rely on the court’s guardianship appointment without creating separate trusts or complicated funding arrangements. That said, even in less complex financial situations, parents should consider naming alternates and reviewing beneficiary designations so that assets pass as intended. A simple nomination reduces paperwork but should still reflect thoughtful choices and direct communication with potential guardians.
A comprehensive approach is advisable when families face complex relationships, blended family dynamics, or significant assets that require careful management for a child’s benefit. In such cases, coordinating guardianship nominations with trusts, trustee appointments, and detailed instructions for distributions ensures that a child receives consistent care and financial stewardship. A comprehensive plan addresses potential disputes, provides for contingencies, and can incorporate protective measures like irrevocable life insurance trusts, special needs provisions, or retirement plan trusts. This layered strategy often reduces future court proceedings and clarifies roles for caregivers and financial managers.
Parents who want greater control over how funds are used for a child’s upbringing and future may choose a comprehensive plan that includes trusts with detailed distribution rules, trustee oversight, and clear guardianship nominations. Such arrangements allow parents to set conditions for education, healthcare, and other milestones, protecting assets until a specified age or event. Integrating powers of attorney and healthcare directives with guardianship nominations also ensures that decisions about medical care and finances are aligned. A comprehensive plan provides structure and accountability for long-term financial support of the child.
A coordinated approach offers clarity for caregivers and courts, continuity in financial support, and reduced friction during difficult transitions. Combining a guardianship nomination with trust funding and clearly drafted powers of attorney makes it easier for a guardian to access funds to meet a child’s needs without delay. It also allows parents to specify educational priorities and health care preferences, and to appoint fiduciaries to monitor trustees or guardians. Overall, a comprehensive plan helps protect a child’s long-term interests and respects the parents’ values and intentions for care.
In addition to safeguarding finances and care, a comprehensive plan can reduce the likelihood of court disputes among family members by establishing clear roles and provisions in advance. It creates redundancy so that if one nominated guardian or trustee cannot serve, alternates and backup plans are already in place. Well-drafted documents also facilitate smoother administration of assets and provide a clear roadmap for guardians and trustees to follow, making transitions less disruptive for the child. Families gain confidence knowing their arrangements are coherent and enforceable under California rules.
One primary benefit of a comprehensive strategy is ensuring that a child’s daily life and financial needs are met in a seamless way. By coordinating guardianship nominations with trust funding, a trustee can provide funds directly for education, healthcare, and general living expenses without leaving the guardian to navigate complex estate procedures. This continuity helps maintain stability for the child, allowing the guardian to focus on caregiving while financial responsibilities are handled through prearranged mechanisms. Clear instructions also reduce disagreements about money and priorities.
A coordinated plan typically limits the need for extensive court supervision by providing trustees and nominated guardians with well-drafted documents and funding strategies. When financial resources are available through trusts, guardians do not need to request interim court orders for access to funds, and healthcare directives can streamline medical decision-making. This approach lessens administrative burdens and helps prevent delays that can be disruptive to a child’s care. The result is a smoother transition that honors the parents’ wishes and supports stable management of a child’s welfare over time.
Before naming someone in your documents, have a candid conversation with the individuals you are considering to confirm their willingness and ability to serve. Discuss logistics such as residency, work schedules, and willingness to take on parental responsibilities. Clarify financial expectations and whether they would accept trustee responsibilities or prefer a separate trustee. Conversations help avoid surprises and prepare the nominated guardian for the responsibilities ahead. Documenting consent and discussing backup options also strengthens the family plan and reduces stress if an unexpected situation arises.
Family dynamics and circumstances change over time, so it is important to review guardianship nominations and related estate planning documents periodically. Life events such as births, deaths, moves, changes in relationships, or shifts in financial status may prompt updates to nominations, trusts, or powers of attorney. Regularly revisiting your plan ensures it remains consistent with your current wishes and provides continued protection for your children. Keeping records accessible and informing key individuals about the location of documents helps ensure your plan can be implemented promptly when needed.
Parents who want to protect their children’s future stability should consider formal guardianship nominations as part of their estate plan. Nominations communicate parental preferences to the court and family, help avoid disputes, and guide decision-makers during an emotional time. They are especially important for single parents, blended families, and households with special needs children where clarity about caregiving and financial management is essential. By naming guardians in advance and pairing those nominations with financial and medical directives, parents can provide continuity of care and reduce uncertainty for children and loved ones.
Even families with strong informal caregiving arrangements benefit from formal documentation because it creates enforceable guidance and aids court processes if necessary. Guardianship nominations also allow parents to set expectations regarding education, religious upbringing, and medical care, while financial instruments support the guardian in meeting those needs. Taking these steps helps ensure that appointed caregivers can step into their roles with access to resources and clear direction. Planning ahead gives parents confidence that their children will be cared for according to family values and preferences.
Situations that often require guardianship nominations include unexpected incapacitation or death of a parent, single-parent households, parental military deployments, long-term travel plans, or families with children who have special needs. Guardianship nominations are also important when parents have significant assets that require management for a child’s benefit. In blended families, nominations can reduce conflict by clarifying preferred caregivers. Identifying potential guardians and documenting preferences ahead of time makes transitions less disruptive and ensures children receive consistent care aligned with parental intentions.
Single parents often have heightened need for guardianship nominations because there is no automatic co-parent to assume custody. Naming a guardian in a will or statutory form ensures that a trusted person is identified to care for children if something happens to the parent. It is important to pair the nomination with financial arrangements and healthcare directives to ensure the nominated guardian can access necessary resources and make appropriate decisions. Early planning reduces the risk of uncertainty and provides clarity to other family members and the court.
Blended families may have step-parents, half-siblings, and multiple potential caregivers, which can create confusion without clear nominations. Documenting parental preferences for guardianship helps avoid disputes and ensures that children are placed with caregivers aligned with the parent’s values. It is helpful to name alternates and to coordinate financial arrangements so that the guardian has the resources to support the child. Open conversations with family members and clear legal documents reduce misunderstandings and make transitions smoother if the need for guardianship arises.
Families caring for children with special needs should carefully plan guardianship nominations alongside trusts and healthcare directives to ensure ongoing care and appropriate public benefits. A guardianship nomination identifies a primary caregiver, while trust arrangements can protect eligibility for government programs and provide funds for supplemental needs. Careful drafting helps ensure the child’s medical, educational, and social needs are met without jeopardizing important benefits. Planning in advance provides continuity and helps appointed caregivers navigate complex resources and long-term care requirements.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assist Val Verde families with guardianship nominations and related estate planning documents, offering clear guidance tailored to local laws and family circumstances. We help draft nominations in wills or statutory forms, coordinate trust funding for minors, and ensure healthcare and financial directives support a seamless transition when needed. Our firm focuses on practical solutions that reduce family stress and help nominated guardians access resources quickly. Clients receive straightforward explanations about options and steps to protect their children’s care and financial future.
Families choose our firm because we emphasize clear communication, careful document drafting, and coordination across estate planning tools. We guide clients through choosing appropriate guardians, creating backup plans, and aligning financial arrangements so caregivers can provide for children’s needs without unnecessary delays. Our process includes thoughtful review of family circumstances and drafting documents that reflect each client’s values and goals. We work to make the legal process accessible and to prepare practical, enforceable documents that help families feel confident about their children’s future care.
Our approach includes reviewing existing documents, discussing potential guardians and trustees with clients, and recommending structures that balance parental intent with practical administration. We explain how nominations interact with trusts, pour-over wills, and powers of attorney, and we help clients fund trusts and update beneficiary designations when appropriate. The result is a cohesive plan that supports both immediate guardianship needs and long-term financial management for minors. Clients receive clear instructions about executing documents and storing them where nominated guardians and family members can access them when necessary.
We help clients anticipate common issues and build flexibility into plans so they remain effective as family circumstances evolve. This includes suggesting alternates for guardianship, coordinating trusteeship arrangements, and preparing documents such as HIPAA authorizations and healthcare directives that support a guardian’s ability to act for a child’s best interest. Our goal is to reduce uncertainty and give parents a practical, organized plan that honors their decisions and helps nominated guardians step into their roles confidently.
Our process begins with an initial consultation to discuss family circumstances, potential guardians, and financial resources. We review existing estate planning documents, identify gaps, and recommend a tailored plan that may include a nomination in a will, trust funding for a minor, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. We then draft documents for client review, explain practical implications, and assist with execution and storage. Periodic reviews are recommended to keep the plan current. Throughout, we focus on clear, implementable steps that help nominated guardians access resources and act in the child’s best interest.
The first step is collecting details about your family, potential guardians, financial assets, and any special needs or considerations affecting your children. This includes listing proposed guardians and alternates, identifying assets intended to support a child, and noting healthcare preferences. We ask about life insurance, retirement accounts, and existing trusts to determine whether additional funding or account retitling is necessary. Gathering this information allows us to design documents that align guardianship nominations with practical funding and care strategies for your children’s immediate and future needs.
During this phase we talk about the individuals you are considering and help evaluate their suitability based on factors such as caregiving capacity, location, and alignment with your values. We encourage clients to speak with potential guardians before naming them and to consider alternates in case the primary choice cannot serve. That conversation also covers whether a potential guardian can handle financial responsibilities or whether a separate trustee should manage funds. These discussions help create nominations that are realistic and actionable.
We prepare an inventory of assets that could support a child, including life insurance, bank accounts, investment accounts, and retirement benefits. This step identifies whether assets should be retitled into a trust, beneficiary designations updated, or other funding mechanisms arranged. Creating a funding plan ensures that a nominated guardian has access to resources for immediate and ongoing expenses. Knowing the financial picture at the outset allows us to draft effective trust language and recommend administration structures tailored to the family’s goals.
After gathering information, we draft guardianship nominations and coordinate related estate planning documents to ensure they work together smoothly. This may include a nomination clause in a will, trust provisions for minor beneficiaries, powers of attorney, and healthcare authorizations such as HIPAA releases. We tailor language to California requirements and client preferences, take care to name alternates and set reasonable distribution guidelines, and ensure trust funding instructions are clear. Coordination prevents unintended conflicts between documents and supports a seamless transition for the child’s care and finances.
We draft nomination language that clearly identifies primary and alternate guardians and includes any preferences about upbringing, education, or living arrangements. If using a will, nominations are formatted to comply with state law to give courts clear guidance. We also coordinate pour-over will provisions to move assets into a trust for a child’s benefit. Clear drafting helps ensure the nominated guardian’s role is recognized and that related financial directions support the child’s needs without unnecessary court intervention.
When appropriate, we prepare trust documents that establish how funds should be managed for a child, appoint trustees, and set distribution terms. Trusts can protect eligibility for public benefits, provide for special needs, or allow gradual distributions at specified ages. We tailor trustee powers and duties to provide necessary flexibility while safeguarding assets for the child’s welfare. By aligning trust terms with guardianship nominations, we ensure caregivers have the financial support needed to implement the parents’ wishes for upbringing, education, and healthcare.
Once documents are drafted, we assist with proper execution, notarization, and steps to fund trusts or update beneficiary designations. We advise clients on how to store documents safely and share information with nominated guardians and trustees. After execution, periodic reviews are recommended to address life changes, new family members, or shifts in assets. We also guide clients on how to inform guardians and maintain accessible records so that, if the need arises, the plan can be implemented without delay and with minimal disruption to the child’s life.
Execution involves signing documents in a legally valid manner, witnessing or notarization where required, and filing or storing originals securely. We recommend notifying named guardians and alternates so they understand their potential responsibilities and know where to find documents if needed. Providing copies to trustees and trusted family members can reduce confusion. Clear communication helps ensure a nominated guardian can step forward confidently and that financial and healthcare directives are accessible in a timely manner when actions must be taken for the child’s benefit.
Funding a trust often requires retitling accounts, updating beneficiary designations, or designating insurance proceeds to a trust for a child’s benefit. We assist clients in identifying assets that should be transferred to the trust and provide step-by-step guidance for completing transfers. Updating retirement account beneficiaries and life insurance beneficiaries to reflect trust arrangements can prevent assets from passing outside the planned structure. Proper funding ensures that nominated guardians and trustees have the resources necessary to support the child as intended by the parents.
Naming a guardian identifies who you want to care for your minor children if you become unable to do so. The guardian handles daily care, education, and living arrangements. A trustee, by contrast, manages financial assets set aside for the child’s benefit, making decisions about distributions, investments, and long-term financial stewardship. Separating these roles gives parents flexibility: a trusted caregiver may focus on parenting while a financially experienced trustee handles money. Coordinating both roles in advance avoids confusion and ensures each function is carried out effectively. In practice, some families name the same individual as both guardian and trustee, while others appoint separate people to reduce burden or conflict of interest. When roles are separated, clear instructions in trust documents and communication among parties help ensure that financial resources are used to support the guardian’s caregiving responsibilities. Discussing these choices ahead of time and documenting them in estate planning instruments makes implementation smoother if the need arises.
A court has the ultimate authority to appoint a guardian for minor children, but a parent’s nomination is an important factor that judges typically consider unless there are compelling reasons not to follow it. Courts evaluate the nominated guardian’s fitness, the child’s best interests, and any evidence of risks or conflicts. A clear and well-documented nomination increases the likelihood that the court will honor the parent’s preferences, particularly when the nominated person is willing and able to serve. Because courts aim to protect the child’s welfare, providing supporting documents—such as background information on the nominated guardian, confirmation of willingness to serve, and coordinated financial arrangements—can strengthen the case for appointing the nominated individual. Including alternates in the nomination also helps ensure that a suitable caregiver is identified if the first choice cannot serve.
Naming alternate guardians ensures continuity of care if your primary choice is unable or unwilling to serve when needed. Life circumstances change, and an alternate provides a backup plan so the court has additional options consistent with your preferences. Alternates should be identified in order of priority and discussed in advance so they are prepared to accept responsibilities if called upon. It is also helpful to include alternates who bring different strengths—such as proximity to your children, parenting experience, or the ability to manage finances—so that the plan can adapt to varying scenarios. Documenting alternates reduces the potential for family disputes and provides judges with a clearer roadmap when making appointments for the child’s care.
Funding a trust for a child can provide a reliable, supervised source of money for education, healthcare, and other needs. Trusts offer parents control over timing and conditions for distributions, protect assets from being used in ways that conflict with parental wishes, and can preserve eligibility for certain public benefits for children with additional needs. For many families, a trust paired with a guardianship nomination ensures both care and financial stewardship are addressed. Whether to fund a trust depends on factors such as asset size, family dynamics, and the child’s potential needs. Even modest assets can be managed in a trust to provide structure, while significant assets or complex family situations more strongly point to funding a trust. Consulting on funding options helps parents select arrangements that meet their children’s long-term well-being.
Yes, you can change your guardianship nomination after signing a will by executing a new valid will or a codicil that updates the nomination, provided you have the legal capacity to do so at the time. Because life events such as marriage, divorce, relocation, or changes in a potential guardian’s circumstances can affect your original choice, it is wise to review and update nominations as needed. Making changes formally ensures the most current preferences are clear to the court and family members. Informal notes or drafts are not sufficient to update a nomination; documents need to be executed according to California law to be effective. We recommend periodic reviews and formal updates to prevent confusion and ensure that nominations align with current wishes and family realities.
Guardianship nominations by themselves do not typically affect a child’s eligibility for public benefits, but financial arrangements made at the same time can. For families relying on means-tested programs, trust terms and distribution strategies should be carefully drafted to avoid disqualifying the child from benefits. Certain trust structures and trustee discretion rules can help preserve eligibility while providing supplemental support for needs not covered by public programs. Working with knowledgeable counsel to tailor trust terms and distribution plans helps protect benefits and ensure a child receives the intended support. Planning may include special needs trust options or limited distributions that complement public benefits rather than replace them, preserving the child’s eligibility while enhancing quality of life.
Alongside a guardianship nomination, parents should consider having a will with clear nomination language, a revocable living trust if funding is planned, financial powers of attorney, HIPAA authorizations, and advance healthcare directives. These documents together allow guardians to address caregiving, access medical information, and use funds for the child’s needs. Coordination among documents ensures that responsibilities and access to resources are aligned with parental intent. Providing nominated guardians and trustees with copies or instructions about where documents are stored, along with contact information for important advisors, reduces delays and confusion. Preparing a summary of your plan and discussing it with those involved can make implementation much smoother in an emergency.
It is recommended to review your guardianship nomination and overall estate plan at least every few years or when major life events occur, such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, moves, or significant changes in financial status. These events can affect the suitability of nominated guardians and the effectiveness of funding strategies. Regular reviews ensure documents remain current and reflective of your wishes and family realities. When reviewing, confirm that nominated guardians remain willing and able to serve, update beneficiary designations, and retitle assets as needed to fund any trusts. Keeping documents up to date minimizes the chance of disputes and helps ensure your plans can be implemented efficiently when required.
If your nominated guardian cannot serve when the need arises, the court will consider any alternates you named and evaluate the best interests of the child among available candidates. Naming alternates in advance and documenting contact information and willingness to serve increases the likelihood the court will appoint a guardian aligned with your preferences. Without alternates, the court may consider relatives or other interested parties, which can lead to outcomes that differ from your intentions. To reduce uncertainty, parents should name multiple alternates and ensure those individuals understand their potential roles. Coordinating with a trustee and having financial arrangements in place also helps a successor guardian manage resources effectively even if the primary choice is unavailable.
To ensure a smooth transition if a guardian must step in, parents should prepare a coordinated plan that includes an easily accessible nomination, clear trust funding and distribution instructions, healthcare directives, and a summary of important contacts and documents. Discussing plans with nominated guardians, trustees, and family members ahead of time helps everyone understand responsibilities and reduces stress. Providing practical information about routines, schools, medical providers, and important account details eases the caregiver’s ability to assume day-to-day responsibilities quickly. Maintaining updated records and ensuring that nominated guardians know where to find original documents accelerates the process when action is required. Having financial arrangements that allow prompt access to funds, such as trust funding or clear beneficiary designations, helps guardians meet immediate needs and maintain stability for the child during a difficult transition.
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