An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) is a tailored estate planning tool used to hold life insurance policies outside of a taxable estate, helping families preserve more of a policy’s benefit for intended beneficiaries. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we help clients in West Hills and across California understand the purpose and structure of an ILIT, how it works with other estate planning documents, and what steps are required to create and fund the trust properly. This initial overview explains key considerations for people contemplating an ILIT and how it fits into a broader plan.
Creating an ILIT involves careful coordination of ownership, beneficiary designations, and trust terms so that the policy proceeds pass according to the grantor’s wishes while minimizing estate tax exposure and protecting assets for heirs. While the trust is irrevocable, its terms can address distribution timing, conditions, and trusteeship to reflect family circumstances. This page outlines the benefits, common reasons clients choose an ILIT, differences between limited and comprehensive planning, and practical tips for working with a law office that serves West Hills residents and California families.
An ILIT can preserve the full value of life insurance proceeds for beneficiaries by removing the policy from the grantor’s taxable estate, which can be especially important for clients with significant assets or complex family needs. Beyond tax considerations, an ILIT can protect proceeds from creditors, control distribution timing to younger heirs, and provide liquidity to pay estate expenses, taxes, or debts. Thoughtful trust provisions can also address unique family circumstances such as special needs, blended family dynamics, or business succession planning, making an ILIT a versatile tool in a comprehensive estate plan.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients throughout California, including West Hills, providing practical estate planning guidance that emphasizes clear communication and personalized solutions. Our approach centers on listening to each client’s goals, explaining legal options in plain language, and drafting documents that reflect family priorities. We handle ILITs alongside related estate tools such as wills, revocable living trusts, powers of attorney, and directives so clients receive coordinated documents that work together in a single plan designed to protect family interests and legacy.
An ILIT is created when a grantor establishes a trust and transfers ownership of a life insurance policy into that trust, naming the trust as beneficiary. Once the trust owns the policy, premium payments, beneficiary designations, and policy proceeds are governed by the trust’s terms. Because the grantor relinquishes ownership and certain rights to the policy, the proceeds can avoid inclusion in the grantor’s estate for estate tax purposes. Setting up and funding the trust properly requires attention to timing and documentation to achieve the intended tax and asset protection results.
Key steps include drafting the trust terms to address distributions and trustee powers, transferring an existing policy or purchasing a new policy within the trust, and coordinating payment mechanisms so premiums are paid from trust assets or gifts to the trust. The trustee’s duties will include managing interactions with the insurer and distributing proceeds according to the trust’s instructions. Clients should also consider beneficiary needs, potential liquidity requirements for the estate, and how the ILIT interacts with other planning devices like retirement accounts or special needs trusts.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a legal entity created during a grantor’s lifetime to own and manage life insurance policies for the benefit of named beneficiaries. The trust is irrevocable, meaning the grantor generally cannot change or revoke it after funding, which helps remove the policy from the estate for tax assessment. The trustee administers the policy, handles premium payments, and controls distributions after the insured’s death. Proper drafting ensures that proceeds are used as intended, whether to replace income for survivors, provide for minor children, or fund estate tax liabilities without reducing other assets left to heirs.
Establishing an ILIT requires drafting trust terms that specify beneficiaries, trustee powers, distribution rules, and conditions for distributions. The process may include transferring ownership of an existing policy or arranging for the trust to purchase a new policy, establishing procedures for premium payments, and documenting gifts to the trust if needed to cover premiums. Addressing coordination with beneficiary designations, estate liquidity plans, and potential tax considerations is essential. Regular review ensures the trust remains aligned with family circumstances and changes in laws that could affect trust administration.
The following glossary defines common terms used when discussing ILITs and related estate planning concepts. Understanding these terms helps clients make informed decisions about trust provisions, funding strategies, and beneficiary designations. Clear definitions reduce confusion when coordinating life insurance policies with wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. A well-informed client can better evaluate trustee selections, distribution timing, and how the ILIT fits within the larger estate plan for preserving family assets and providing for beneficiaries.
The grantor is the person who creates and funds the trust by transferring ownership of the life insurance policy into the trust. In the context of an ILIT, the grantor typically contributes the policy or makes gifts to the trust to cover future premiums. The grantor’s decisions regarding trust terms, beneficiary designations, and trustee selection will determine how the policy proceeds are paid out. Once the trust is irrevocable, the grantor relinquishes certain ownership rights, which impacts how the policy is treated for estate tax purposes and for creditor claims.
The trustee is the individual or institution responsible for administering the ILIT according to the trust document. Duties include managing the life insurance policy, collecting premium gifts, paying premiums, communicating with the insurer, and making distributions to beneficiaries as directed by the trust’s terms. The trustee should be someone the grantor trusts to follow the plan, keep accurate records, and act impartially for beneficiaries. Proper trustee selection ensures the ILIT functions effectively and that policy proceeds are distributed in accordance with the grantor’s intentions.
A beneficiary is an individual or entity designated in the ILIT to receive benefits from the trust, typically the proceeds of the life insurance policy after the insured’s death. Beneficiaries can be family members, trusts for minors, charitable organizations, or other entities. The trust can specify distribution timing, conditions, and uses for the proceeds, such as income replacement, education funding, or care for a family member with special needs. Defining beneficiaries clearly helps avoid disputes and ensures the grantor’s intentions are carried out.
A Crummey power allows trust beneficiaries a limited statutory right to withdraw certain gifts made to the ILIT for a short period, which helps qualify those gifts for the annual gift tax exclusion. Properly structured withdrawal notices and timing are important to maintain the trust’s tax advantages while ensuring gifts used to pay premiums are treated appropriately. Including withdrawal provisions requires careful drafting and administration so that gifts intended to support premium payments remain valid and the trust maintains its intended tax status.
When considering an ILIT, clients can choose between a limited, narrowly focused planning approach and a comprehensive plan that integrates multiple estate planning tools. A limited approach might address only the life insurance policy and immediate beneficiary designations, which can be efficient for straightforward needs. In contrast, a comprehensive plan coordinates the ILIT with wills, living trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives to address taxes, incapacity, guardianship for minors, and long-term distribution strategies. Choosing between these approaches depends on family complexity, financial circumstances, and long-term objectives.
A limited ILIT approach may be suitable for individuals with uncomplicated family structures who wish to ensure life insurance proceeds pass outside their estate without addressing broader planning needs. If beneficiaries are adults and there are no complex asset distribution concerns, a narrowly tailored ILIT can accomplish core goals such as removing the policy from the estate and providing clear instructions for payment. This path can be more straightforward and lower cost for clients who do not require comprehensive coordination with other planning instruments.
Clients who prefer a simpler administrative structure and limited drafting may opt for a focused ILIT that addresses ownership transfer and beneficiary direction without extensive additional provisions. This option can reduce ongoing administrative tasks, such as avoiding complex trust funding schedules or elaborate distribution formulas. For someone whose primary goal is to preserve the life insurance benefit for named recipients, a streamlined ILIT can deliver the intended protections with less complexity while maintaining the essential tax and asset protection characteristics.
A comprehensive approach is often advisable when families have blended household arrangements, minor children, significant business interests, or multiple large assets that require coordination. Integrating an ILIT with revocable living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives ensures consistent instructions across documents, prevents unintended tax consequences, and provides clear succession plans. This coordination is particularly important when ensuring equitable treatment of beneficiaries, protecting heirs from creditor claims, or planning for disability and long-term care contingencies.
Comprehensive planning allows the grantor to specify nuanced distribution timing, conditions, and protections that reflect long-term family objectives, such as staggered distributions for heirs, trusts for charitable giving, or provisions for beneficiaries with special needs. By addressing these matters in a unified plan, the grantor minimizes the risk of conflicting instructions and ensures liquidity for estate obligations. A coordinated plan also includes successor trustee designations and administrative processes to preserve the grantor’s intentions over time.
A comprehensive estate planning effort that includes an ILIT alongside other documents can provide stronger protection for your family by aligning all elements of your plan. Coordinated planning reduces the chance of inconsistent beneficiary designations, addresses potential estate tax exposure, and creates clear procedures for incapacity and succession. Comprehensive plans also facilitate smoother administration after a death, as trustees and executors have consistent guidance. The overall result is greater predictability and reduced stress for survivors during an already difficult time.
In addition to tax and administrative benefits, comprehensive planning can address non-financial goals such as preserving family harmony, protecting beneficiary eligibility for government benefits, and supporting charitable intentions. The integration of trusts for minors or persons with special needs, pour-over wills, and powers of attorney creates a safety net that functions across different scenarios. This holistic view helps ensure that the life insurance policy serves its intended purpose within the context of the family’s broader legacy and practical needs.
Coordinated planning allows the ILIT to work seamlessly with other estate vehicles so assets are managed and distributed according to a single overarching plan. This coordination can prevent unintended taxable incidents and ensure liquidity is available when needed. For families with diverse assets, a unified strategy reduces administrative friction, clarifies roles for trustees and executors, and creates a predictable path for transferring wealth to the next generation while honoring the grantor’s wishes.
A comprehensive approach enhances protections for beneficiaries by addressing creditor exposure, timing of distributions, and eligibility for means-tested benefits where relevant. Coordinated drafting can leverage trust provisions to preserve benefits, provide for vulnerable family members, and limit exposure to creditors or divorce settlements. Additionally, aligning the ILIT with overall estate planning goals can create tax-efficient outcomes that reduce the burden on heirs and improve long-term financial stability for the family.
When establishing an ILIT, carefully coordinate who owns the policy and who is listed as beneficiary to ensure proceeds pass through the trust as intended. Transferring ownership of an existing policy or purchasing a new policy within the trust requires documentation and timing considerations to achieve the desired tax treatment. Confirming beneficiary designations on related accounts and confirming that the trust is properly named will reduce the chance of conflicting instructions and unintended inclusion of the policy proceeds in the estate.
Choose a trustee who will follow the trust’s instructions and manage interactions with the insurer responsibly, keeping in mind that trustees may have ongoing administrative responsibilities. Regularly review the ILIT and related estate planning documents to reflect life changes such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, or changes in assets. Periodic review helps maintain alignment with the grantor’s goals and ensures the trust remains an effective tool for providing for beneficiaries and preserving the intended value of the policy.
People consider an ILIT when they want to remove life insurance proceeds from their taxable estate, provide for heirs without direct ownership transfer, ensure liquidity to cover estate costs, or protect proceeds from creditor claims. An ILIT can also address distribution timing, support minor children or family members with special circumstances, and integrate with business succession plans. Clients often seek a trust-based approach to provide clarity and control over how life insurance benefits are used after death.
Another common reason to consider an ILIT is to maintain family privacy and reduce the administrative burden on survivors by creating a clear mechanism for handling life insurance proceeds. For those with significant assets or complex family situations, the ability to structure distributions and appoint trusted fiduciaries to manage proceeds can reduce conflict and help ensure funds are used in alignment with long-term goals. Discussing these considerations with counsel helps determine whether an ILIT is the appropriate vehicle.
Typical circumstances that lead clients to consider an ILIT include high net worth individuals seeking estate tax savings, parents who want to ensure life insurance proceeds are managed for minor children, individuals who wish to protect funds from creditors, and business owners who need liquidity for succession planning. Those with blended families may use an ILIT to provide for a surviving spouse while preserving assets for children from a prior marriage. Each situation benefits from careful drafting to accomplish the client’s objectives.
An ILIT can provide controlled and protected distributions for minor children, allowing trustees to manage proceeds until children reach specified ages or milestones. This approach helps avoid outright distributions that children cannot manage and reduces the need for court-appointed guardianship of assets. By including trust provisions for education, healthcare, and living expenses, parents can create a reliable financial support plan for children that addresses both immediate needs and longer-term goals.
For individuals with sizeable estates, an ILIT may reduce estate tax exposure by excluding life insurance proceeds from the taxable estate when structured and funded properly. While laws and exemptions evolve, a properly administered ILIT can provide tax planning benefits that preserve more value for beneficiaries. Working through timing, documentation, and coordination with other estate planning measures is necessary to achieve the intended results and to avoid unintended tax consequences.
An ILIT can provide a measure of protection against creditor claims for beneficiaries by holding policy proceeds in trust rather than distributing them outright. Trust terms can provide for discretionary distributions or protective spendthrift provisions that limit beneficiary access and shield funds from certain creditor actions. This benefit is particularly valuable for beneficiaries who face financial or legal vulnerabilities, ensuring the proceeds support long-term family goals instead of being lost to claims against heirs.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients in West Hills, the San Fernando Valley, and throughout California, offering estate planning services tailored to local needs and state law considerations. We provide guidance on ILITs, revocable living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, healthcare directives, and related estate matters. Our goal is to make the planning process understandable and practical so families can create documents that work together to protect assets, provide for loved ones, and ensure smooth administration when the time comes.
Clients choose the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman for clear communication and personalized attention in creating estate plans that reflect family priorities. We focus on drafting thoughtful trust provisions, coordinating beneficiary designations, and advising on funding strategies to help achieve desired outcomes. Our approach is to explain legal options plainly, discuss practical implications, and prepare documents that are robust yet easy for families and trustees to administer during difficult times.
We work with clients to tailor administrative procedures for ILITs, including premium funding methods, trustee duties, and distribution rules, so that the trust functions as intended without unnecessary friction. Our practice emphasizes careful documentation and ongoing review to keep plans aligned with changes in family circumstances or law. By taking a methodical approach to drafting and implementation, we aim to reduce the risk of disputes and provide a reliable framework for beneficiaries to receive the intended benefits.
Whether serving residents of West Hills or clients across California, our office addresses the practical and emotional aspects of estate planning with sensitivity and professionalism. We assist with related documents such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, advance directives, and trust certifications so clients obtain a coordinated plan that protects their legacy and supports family needs over time.
Our process begins with a detailed consultation to understand your goals, family structure, and assets, followed by a plan outlining how an ILIT will fit into your overall estate plan. We draft the trust document, assist with transferring or purchasing the life insurance policy, establish funding mechanisms for premiums, and prepare any related documents to ensure consistent coordination. We also explain trustee duties and record-keeping practices so the trust functions smoothly and in accordance with your intentions.
During the initial consultation, we gather information about your family, beneficiaries, assets, and objectives for the life insurance policy and the trust. This conversation helps identify whether an ILIT is appropriate and whether integration with other estate planning tools is needed. We discuss timing, potential tax implications, funding strategies, and trustee selection. The meeting results in a clear plan and timeline for drafting the trust and completing any necessary transfers or policy purchases.
We request relevant documents and information, such as existing policies, beneficiary designations, trust and will drafts, retirement account summaries, and asset inventories. This documentation helps us evaluate how a proposed ILIT would interact with existing planning and identify any conflicts that need resolution. Accurate, thorough information allows us to draft trust provisions that align with your objectives and to advise on necessary transfers, notices, and administrative steps for proper funding and operation.
We take time to discuss your short-term and long-term goals, including how you want beneficiaries to receive proceeds, any protections you wish to create, and concerns about taxes, creditors, or family dynamics. We also consider timing constraints and practical funding questions that could affect the trust’s effectiveness. This tailored discovery ensures the ILIT is drafted to fit your unique needs while providing clear, actionable steps for implementation.
After agreeing on a plan, we prepare the ILIT document and coordinate the transfer or acquisition of the life insurance policy. This phase includes drafting beneficiary language, trustee authorities, distribution terms, and funding mechanisms for premiums. We prepare notices or gift documentation if gifts will be made to the trust to cover premiums and advise on notices required for withdrawal rights where applicable. Coordination with insurance agents, financial advisors, and other counsel is arranged as needed.
We finalize trust language to reflect your distribution preferences, protections for beneficiaries, and administrative instructions for the trustee. Choosing the right trustee and naming successor trustees are important decisions we address with care. The trust document will detail trustee powers to manage the policy and make distributions, recordkeeping expectations, and procedures for interaction with insurers. Clear drafting reduces administrative ambiguity and supports consistent administration over time.
Execution of the trust and related instruments is followed by the transfer of policy ownership or the issuance of a new policy to the trust, as applicable. We assist with completing insurer forms, documenting gifts to the trust for premium payments, and preparing any notices required to activate withdrawal rights. Proper execution and prompt funding are essential to achieving the intended tax and asset protection outcomes, and we guide clients through each step to ensure accuracy and compliance.
Once the ILIT is in place, ongoing administration includes paying premiums, maintaining records of gifts and notices, and ensuring trustee actions comply with the trust’s terms. Periodic review is recommended to account for life changes, changes in assets, and shifts in law that could affect the trust’s operation or benefits. We provide guidance for trustees on recordkeeping and distributions and remain available for amendments to other estate documents to keep the entire plan consistent and effective.
Trustees are responsible for maintaining accurate records of premium gifts, notices, insurer communications, and distributions. Proper recordkeeping demonstrates that the trust has been administered as intended and supports any tax reporting or legal requirements. Trustees should also communicate promptly with beneficiaries regarding distributions and trust provisions so that expectations are managed and the trust’s purpose is fulfilled responsibly and transparently.
Regular reviews of the ILIT and the broader estate plan help ensure all documents remain aligned with your goals, beneficiary circumstances, and current law. Coordinating updates across wills, living trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives minimizes the risk of inconsistency. We recommend scheduling reviews after major life events to confirm that trustee designations, funding mechanisms, and distribution terms continue to reflect the grantor’s wishes and serve the best interests of beneficiaries.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a trust created during the grantor’s lifetime to own life insurance policies. When the trust owns the policy and the trust is the beneficiary, the policy proceeds are generally paid to the trust upon the insured’s death and distributed according to the trust terms. The grantor gives up certain ownership rights by funding the trust, which is why the trust can remove the policy from the grantor’s taxable estate when properly structured. This structure can provide greater control over distributions and protect proceeds from being included in the estate for tax purposes. Establishing an ILIT requires careful documentation, including trust drafting, transferring ownership of existing policies or arranging new policy issuance, and setting up premium funding mechanisms. Trustees manage the policy and follow the trust’s distribution instructions, which can include payments for education, living expenses, or other needs. Coordination with other estate documents and accurate recordkeeping of gifts and notices are essential to preserve the intended benefits of the ILIT and avoid unintended tax or administrative complications.
Transferring a life insurance policy to an ILIT can change how premiums are paid because the policy will be owned by the trust rather than by you personally. One common approach is for the grantor to make annual gifts to the trust that the trustee then uses to pay premiums. Where applicable, beneficiaries may have limited withdrawal rights to qualify gifts for the annual gift tax exclusion, which requires specific notice and timing procedures to maintain the desired tax treatment. It is important to document gifts and any withdrawal notices carefully and to confirm that premium payments are made in a way that keeps the policy active and preserves the trust’s intended status. Coordination with your insurance agent and careful administration by the trustee will help prevent unintended lapses or tax issues. Planning premium funding in advance reduces the risk of administrative problems that could affect the policy or the trust’s benefits.
Naming children as beneficiaries through an ILIT is a common and effective way to provide for minors or young adults while maintaining control over distribution timing. The trust can specify conditions under which funds are distributed, such as specific ages, educational milestones, or other criteria, which helps prevent outright lump-sum distributions that children may not be prepared to manage. The trustee is responsible for administering distributions in accordance with the trust’s terms and for managing funds prudently for the beneficiaries’ needs. For families with blended households or special circumstances, an ILIT can provide additional protections by ensuring that proceeds are preserved for intended recipients rather than being diverted through intestacy or conflicting beneficiary designations. Drafting clear trust provisions and selecting a trustworthy trustee will help ensure the children receive the intended benefits and that the funds are used in support of long-term family objectives.
In California, an ILIT can help remove life insurance proceeds from the grantor’s taxable estate when properly structured, which may reduce exposure to estate taxes at the federal level and can affect overall estate planning strategy. California itself does not impose a separate state estate tax currently, but federal estate tax considerations and coordination with federal exemptions and rules remain important. Proper timing, documentation, and adherence to rules such as those governing Crummey withdrawal powers are necessary to secure the intended tax outcomes. Tax law can change over time, and the impact of an ILIT depends on the overall size of the estate, asset composition, and timing of transfers. Consulting with counsel familiar with both trust drafting and tax implications helps ensure the ILIT is structured to meet your planning goals while complying with relevant laws. Periodic review is also recommended to address changes in law that may influence the trust’s benefits.
An ILIT is often used alongside a revocable living trust and a last will to provide coordinated estate planning coverage. While a revocable living trust handles assets during life and at death under flexible terms, an ILIT specifically holds and administers life insurance separate from the revocable trust. This separation helps prevent the insurance proceeds from being included in the grantor’s taxable estate. Coordination is important to ensure that beneficiary designations and trust provisions do not conflict and that estate liquidity needs are addressed effectively. A pour-over will may be used to direct residual assets into a revocable living trust, but life insurance owned by an ILIT remains governed by the ILIT’s terms. It is important to review all documents together so the ILIT complements other planning tools, rather than creating unintended outcomes. Clear drafting and consistent beneficiary designations avoid disputes and ensure the overall plan operates as intended for your heirs.
Selecting a trustee for an ILIT requires choosing someone who will carry out the trust’s instructions, manage the life insurance policy, and maintain clear records of premium gifts and notices. Many clients choose an individual they trust, a family member, a trusted advisor, or a professional fiduciary, depending on the complexity of the trust and the administrative responsibilities involved. Successor trustees should also be named to provide continuity in administration over time. The trustee’s role includes interacting with the insurer, ensuring premiums are paid, executing distributions according to the trust’s terms, and keeping beneficiaries informed. Because these duties can be ongoing, clients should consider the trustee’s ability and willingness to serve, the potential need for impartiality among beneficiaries, and whether professional assistance with recordkeeping or investment management may be appropriate.
If a grantor dies shortly after transferring ownership of a policy to an ILIT, the timing of the transfer and the specific facts will determine whether the policy proceeds are included in the estate. Under certain rules, transfers made within a specified look-back period may be treated as part of the taxable estate. That timing makes it important to plan transfers carefully and to understand any applicable statutory periods. Proper documentation and adherence to transfer rules are essential to preserve the expected benefits of the ILIT. To mitigate risks, some clients choose to create the ILIT and allow sufficient time between transfer and potential exposure to look-back rules, or they structure policies with these considerations in mind. Discussing timing, insurance ownership changes, and potential look-back consequences with counsel before transferring a policy helps avoid unintended tax outcomes and ensures the trust’s purpose is achieved.
An ILIT can help protect life insurance proceeds from certain creditor claims by holding funds in trust rather than distributing them directly to beneficiaries. Trust provisions such as discretionary distributions and spendthrift clauses can limit beneficiary control and make it more difficult for creditors to reach trust assets. However, the degree of protection depends on the trust’s terms, applicable law, and the timing of transfers, so results will vary based on individual circumstances and claims against beneficiaries. It is also important to consider that creditor protection is not absolute and may be affected by fraudulent transfer rules or the specific nature of a beneficiary’s liabilities. Careful drafting and administration, along with consideration of other asset protection measures, will help create a trust that offers meaningful safeguards while complying with legal requirements and maintaining the grantor’s intent for distribution.
Reviewing an ILIT periodically is recommended to ensure it remains aligned with changing family circumstances, asset levels, and legal developments. Life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, or significant changes in assets can affect beneficiary needs and the trust’s suitability. Regular reviews also allow for updates to coordination with other estate planning documents, such as revocable trusts and wills, so all instruments work together consistently. Additionally, tax law and insurance products evolve over time, which can alter the cost-effectiveness or administrative requirements of an ILIT. Periodic review helps identify any necessary adjustments to funding strategies, trustee provisions, or distribution rules so the trust continues to serve the grantor’s objectives and supports beneficiaries effectively in the long term.
To begin setting up an ILIT with our firm, schedule an initial consultation so we can learn about your family, assets, policy status, and goals for life insurance proceeds. During that meeting we will discuss options for transferring an existing policy versus issuing a new policy within the trust, outline premium funding approaches, and explain how the ILIT will integrate with your broader estate plan. We will provide a clear engagement path, a timeline for drafting and funding, and guidance on necessary documentation. After the plan is agreed, we prepare the trust document, assist with insurer forms, and advise on gift and notice procedures to preserve the trust’s intended benefits. Our office works to make the process straightforward and to ensure the ILIT is implemented correctly so it serves your family’s needs when it matters most.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas