A Heggstad Petition can be an essential step when a trust owner intended to fund a trust during their lifetime but property was not formally transferred into the trust. For residents of Ahwahnee and Madera County, navigating the legal process to correct title can be confusing and time consuming. This guide explains what a Heggstad Petition does, who may file it, and typical outcomes. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides practical estate planning and trust administration services and can assist clients in preparing and presenting a petition to the court to align property ownership with trust intentions.
Many families discover discrepancies between a trust document and recorded property ownership only after a life event or the trust owner’s incapacity. A Heggstad Petition offers a court procedure to declare that trust property should be treated as if it had been transferred to a trust at the time the trust was created or later, depending on the facts. This process can save time and prevent complications in trust administration, probate avoidance, and title disputes. Understanding the petition, the evidence needed, and the likely timeline helps clients make informed choices about resolving property title issues in California.
A Heggstad Petition can preserve the trust’s intended distribution scheme and reduce the risk of litigation over real property ownership. When deeds were never recorded or assets were inadvertently left out of a trust, the petition asks the court to recognize that the property was always intended to be part of the trust. This recognition can protect beneficiaries, clarify title for sale or refinancing, and avoid lengthy probate proceedings. For families in Ahwahnee and across Madera County, resolving title issues promptly supports efficient administration of the estate and upholds the decedent’s or settlor’s wishes while minimizing additional costs and delays.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients in San Jose, Ahwahnee, and throughout California with a focus on estate planning and trust administration matters. The firm assists clients with preparing petitions, gathering supporting declarations, and presenting clear legal arguments to courts when title discrepancies arise. We work directly with trustees, successor trustees, and family members to document intent, locate relevant deeds and trust documents, and prepare the record the court needs to resolve disputes. Our approach emphasizes practical solutions, clear communication, and steady guidance through each step of the petition process.
A Heggstad Petition is a specific California court procedure used to request a judicial declaration that certain property is, or always was, the property of a trust even though it may not have been formally transferred by deed. The petition usually requires evidence showing the settlor’s intent to fund the trust, actions taken toward that intent, and why a formal transfer did not occur. Common evidence includes the trust document itself, contemporaneous declarations, escrow or closing statements, and witness or notary testimony. Knowing what evidence to collect early can reduce delays and strengthen the petition before the court.
When preparing for a Heggstad Petition, it is important to gather all relevant documents and to clearly document the timeline of events leading to the omission. Courts review factual circumstances that demonstrate that the settlor treated the asset as part of the trust, such as correspondence, financial records, and witness statements. The petition process may involve drafting declarations, filing the petition with the probate court, serving interested parties, and presenting the case at a hearing. Timely preparation and precise documentation help achieve a favorable disposition with minimal disruption to trust administration.
A Heggstad Petition asks the court to enter an order recognizing that property should be treated as trust property despite the absence of a recorded deed or other formal transfer. The petition rests on proving intent and actions consistent with trust funding. If the court grants the petition, it may order that title be placed in the trust’s name, clarify successor trustee authority, or direct county recorder action to correct public records. The final order reduces uncertainty for beneficiaries and third parties, making it easier to manage, sell, or refinance the property in accordance with the trust.
Successful petitions typically present a clear narrative supported by documentary and testimonial evidence. Core elements include the trust document, any instruments expressing the settlor’s intent to place property into the trust, proof of the settlor’s control or treatment of the asset as trust property, and records showing why a deed was not recorded. The process usually involves drafting a petition, filing with the probate court, providing notice to interested parties, and attending a hearing. Based on the strength of the record, courts may issue orders consistent with the settlor’s intent and facilitate correction of public records.
Understanding the terminology used in trust funding and Heggstad petitions helps clients participate effectively in the process. Terms such as settlor, trustee, beneficiary, conveyance, deed, and probate court appear frequently and have specific meanings in California law. Knowing these basics clarifies communications with counsel and empowers trustees to assemble the right documents. Accurate use of terms also helps ensure petitions are drafted with appropriate legal context and that declarations address the precise factual issues a court will consider when resolving trust funding disputes.
Settlor refers to the person who creates a trust and places assets in it, often through written trust documents. In the context of a Heggstad Petition, the settlor’s intent is central: courts assess whether the settlor intended for a particular asset to be part of the trust even if a formal transfer did not occur. Evidence of intent can include the trust instrument, contemporaneous notes, declarations, or actions indicating the settlor treated the asset as trust property. Clear documentation of the settlor’s intent is often the most persuasive factor in court.
A trustee is the individual or entity responsible for managing trust assets according to the terms of the trust document for the benefit of beneficiaries. When a property is omitted from the trust’s recorded title, the trustee may bring a Heggstad Petition to clarify ownership and enable proper trust administration. The trustee’s declarations and actions, such as managing the property or paying expenses from trust funds, can serve as evidence that the asset was intended to be held in the trust despite an incomplete transfer.
A beneficiary is a person or entity designated in a trust to receive benefits from trust property. Beneficiaries have an interest in ensuring trust assets are properly titled and administered. In Heggstad proceedings beneficiaries may appear or be served notice because the outcome affects how assets are distributed. Beneficiaries can provide statements about the settlor’s intent or otherwise participate in proceedings that seek to align record title with the trust instrument’s directions.
Conveyance or deed refers to the legal instrument used to transfer real property ownership. In many instances, a deed naming a trustee is recorded to place property into a trust. A Heggstad Petition addresses situations where a deed was never recorded or was improperly executed. Courts may order that the property be considered trust property based on the overall evidence of intent and conduct, and may direct the necessary actions to cure title or provide a path for the recorder’s office to reflect the trust’s interest in the property.
When title to property does not align with a trust document, there are different paths to resolution. A Heggstad Petition requests judicial recognition that the property belongs in the trust despite a missing deed. Alternatives include initiating a traditional probate action, negotiating with heirs or interested parties to record a corrective deed, or using nonjudicial mechanisms where appropriate. Each option carries distinct timelines, costs, and evidentiary requirements. Choosing the most effective route depends on the strength of documentation, willingness of parties to cooperate, and the urgency of resolving title for sale or refinancing.
In some cases, interested parties agree a property should be in the trust and execute a corrective deed to record title in the trustee’s name. This approach can be quicker and less costly than court proceedings when heirs or co-owners cooperate and there is clear documentary support for the settlor’s intent. A corrective deed often requires signatures from current record owners and may benefit from supporting declarations that explain how the omission occurred. While this path avoids a formal petition, it depends on the cooperation and availability of parties to execute necessary instruments and record them with the county.
Occasionally title companies or county recorders can assist in correcting records through administrative procedures when errors are obvious and documentation is straightforward. This option may be possible when clerical mistakes caused the omission or when the chain of title clearly supports the trust’s interest. Administrative corrections can be faster and less expensive, but they require convincing documents and sometimes the title company’s approval. When uncertainties exist, or when parties dispute ownership, a formal court petition usually provides a more secure and definitive resolution.
A court petition is often required when property ownership is contested, heirs disagree, or key documents are missing or ambiguous. In such cases, a Heggstad Petition allows the probate court to evaluate the evidence and issue a binding order recognizing trust ownership when supported by the record. Preparing a compelling petition involves gathering testimony, financial records, and other documentation to reconstruct intent and demonstrate consistent treatment of the asset as trust property. Litigation safeguards the rights of all interested parties and produces an authoritative resolution that title companies and third parties can rely on.
Complex ownership histories, multiple heirs, or transactions involving lenders or third parties often require formal court involvement to clear title. Where multiple claims exist, the court’s authority to adjudicate competing interests and enter orders resolving title disputes provides certainty that administrative steps cannot. Comprehensive legal assistance helps coordinate service of process, prepare declarations from trustees and witnesses, and present a clear factual narrative to the court. This reduces the risk of future challenges and enables trustees to manage or dispose of property with confidence.
Bringing a Heggstad Petition before the probate court produces a definitive order that can resolve disputes over property ownership and facilitate subsequent actions such as sale, refinance, or distribution. A court order clarifies authority for successor trustees, protects beneficiaries’ interests, and can direct county recorders to update public records. While a judicial process may require more time and preparation than informal corrections, the resulting clarity and finality can prevent future litigation, reduce uncertainty for third parties, and provide a firm legal basis for trustees to carry out their duties without fear of later challenges.
A comprehensive petition strategy also ensures that all necessary parties receive notice and that the court considers the full context and relevant evidence. This thorough approach helps address hidden risks, such as unresolved liens, unclear property descriptions, or prior transfers that were not properly documented. By building a complete evidentiary record, trustees strengthen the likelihood of judicial relief and reduce the chance of additional corrective steps. The court’s involvement also fosters transparency and fairness among family members and interested parties.
Obtaining a court order through a Heggstad Petition provides final judicial recognition of trust ownership, which third parties such as title companies, lenders, and buyers rely on. This finality reduces the possibility of later challenges and often streamlines downstream transactions, such as selling or refinancing the property. For trustees and beneficiaries, clear title simplifies administration and distribution of trust assets, ensuring that the settlor’s intent is implemented and recorded events reflect the trust’s actual ownership status without repeated disputes or uncertainty about authority.
A judicial determination anchors the property’s status in an enforceable court order, which makes it more difficult for parties to resurrect claims later. This protection is valuable when family dynamics or competing interests might lead to disagreements over the handling of trust assets. The process also ensures that all interested parties have notice and an opportunity to be heard, promoting fairness and reducing the likelihood of surprise claims after property has been transferred or sold. Such certainty helps trustees focus on responsible asset management rather than ongoing dispute resolution.
Collecting all relevant documents before filing can significantly streamline a Heggstad Petition. Important items include the original trust instrument, any amendments, recorded deeds, escrow and closing statements, title documents, and correspondence that reflects the settlor’s intent. Statements from trustees or witnesses who recall the settlor’s directions can also be valuable. Early and organized document collection reduces delays in preparing declarations, helps clarify factual issues, and makes it easier to present a convincing narrative to the court about why the property should be treated as trust property.
Identifying and notifying all interested parties early in the process helps prevent surprises and potential objections later. Trust beneficiaries, co-owners, lienholders, and heirs may have an interest in the property and must often be served with petition papers or given proper notice under California law. Coordinating with title companies, lenders, and other stakeholders can also reveal practical issues that must be addressed. Early outreach and transparent communication reduce friction, may produce voluntary agreements or corrective deeds, and make the court process smoother if a petition proceeds.
Consider a Heggstad Petition if you discover that property intended to be in a trust remains in the settlor’s name or otherwise is not reflected in trust records. Situations that commonly lead to a petition include omitted deeds, title defects, sale or refinance plans requiring clear title, and disagreements among heirs about ownership. Filing a petition can secure legal recognition of the trust’s ownership interest and provide clarity for trustees handling distributions or managing trust assets. Prompt action often prevents more costly disputes and preserves the trust’s intended operation for beneficiaries.
You may also consider a petition if you need to move forward with a transaction and the absence of recorded title is an obstacle, or if successor trustees require clear authority to act. When administrative remedies are unavailable or parties disagree about the facts, the court’s determination offers a definitive remedy that third parties such as title companies and lenders will accept. We encourage clients to seek guidance early, gather supporting documents, and carefully evaluate whether a petition or an alternative corrective process best meets their goals and timeline.
Typical circumstances include transfers that were planned but never recorded, properties acquired after a trust’s creation but not titled in the trust’s name, deeds lost or never delivered, and transactions where the settlor intended the trust to hold the asset but paperwork was incomplete. Family transfers, changes in marital status, or oversight at the time of a property purchase can also produce discrepancies. In these situations, a Heggstad Petition provides a legal avenue to align the official record with the settlor’s intent and allow trustees to manage or distribute the property accordingly.
An omitted deed occurs when a property was intended to be conveyed into a trust but the deed was never prepared, signed, or recorded. This often arises after a settlor’s death or incapacity when trustees discover the mismatch between trust documents and recorded title. A Heggstad Petition asks the court to recognize that the property should be treated as part of the trust despite the technical omission. Successful petitions rely on a clear evidentiary showing of the settlor’s intent and any actions that demonstrate the settlor treated the asset as belonging to the trust.
Sometimes deeds or closing documents are lost over time, leaving gaps in the public record despite the settlor’s clear intent to fund the trust. When documentation is missing but other evidence supports the claim that the property was intended for the trust, a petition can help reconstruct the ownership history and secure a court order recognizing the trust’s interest. Declarations from individuals involved in the transaction, copies of related records, and circumstantial evidence about how the settlor managed or paid for the property all play a role in establishing the case.
Refinancing or selling a property can reveal title issues if a lender or buyer’s title search uncovers that the property is not in the trust. These transactions often require clear title, prompting the need for a legal remedy. A Heggstad Petition can provide the court order necessary to clarify ownership and allow the transaction to proceed. Addressing such discrepancies before closing avoids delays and reduces the risk of last minute objections, helping trustees finalize estate matters in an orderly fashion.
For individuals and families in Ahwahnee and Madera County, local knowledge of court practices and recording procedures helps the petition process move forward efficiently. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman offers guidance tailored to regional practice, from preparing petitions to coordinating service and working with county recorders. We assist trustees and family members in assembling the documentary record, preparing persuasive declarations, and pursuing the most effective path to resolve title issues. Local familiarity with probate court procedures reduces surprises and helps clients move toward resolution.
Our firm focuses on helping clients correct trust funding issues and obtain clear title when property has been omitted from a trust. We adopt a practical, communicative approach that prioritizes cost effective solutions while preparing thorough court filings when judicial relief is necessary. By coordinating document assembly, witness declarations, and court presentations, we aim to reduce delays and present a complete, logical record that supports the petitioner’s position. Clients benefit from hands on guidance through each step of the petition process, including post-order title correction and coordination with title companies.
We understand the emotional and financial weight that unresolved title issues can impose on families. Our role includes explaining legal options in clear terms, setting realistic expectations for timing and potential outcomes, and advocating for solutions that align with the settlor’s intentions. Whether an uncontested corrective deed will work or a petition is necessary, we assess the facts carefully and recommend the path most likely to achieve reliable, permanent resolution. This focus helps trustees fulfill their duties and beneficiaries move forward without lingering uncertainty.
Clients often appreciate our attention to detail and proactive communication throughout the process. We prepare declarations and exhibits that tell the factual story in a way courts can readily understand, manage notice and service requirements, and handle interactions with title companies and county recorders after an order is entered. Our goal is practical resolution that allows properties to be managed, sold, or distributed in accordance with the trust, minimizing the chance of further disputes and protecting the interests of trustees and beneficiaries alike.
Our process begins with a review of available trust documents, deeds, and any supporting records, followed by conversations with trustees and family members to understand the history and identify witnesses. We then prepare a petition and supporting declarations tailored to the facts, coordinate service of interested parties, and file the matter with the probate court. If necessary we attend hearings to present the evidence, and after obtaining an order we assist with any recording or title work required to reflect the court’s determination. Throughout, we keep clients informed and focused on practical results.
The first step involves collecting all documents that shed light on the settlor’s intent and the property’s history. This may include the trust instrument and amendments, deeds, purchase documents, mortgage and escrow records, correspondence, and bills or payments made related to the property. Identifying witnesses who can describe the settlor’s intent is also important. A thorough document review helps identify evidentiary gaps and informs whether a petition or alternative remedy is the most appropriate path forward, as well as the scope of declarations needed to support a court filing.
We help clients find and organize documents that demonstrate how the settlor treated the property and what steps, if any, were taken to place it into the trust. Witnesses such as family members, escrow officers, or attorneys involved in the original transaction may be able to provide declarations about the settlor’s intent. Documenting payments, trust account activity, or other records that show trust management of the property supports the petition. Careful identification of evidence at this stage reduces uncertainty during later court proceedings.
After reviewing the record, we discuss possible solutions including corrective deeds, administrative corrections, or a Heggstad Petition. We outline the likely timeline, costs, and necessary steps for each option and recommend the approach that balances efficiency and legal certainty. If a petition is the recommended route we prepare an evidentiary plan detailing the declarations and exhibits needed. Early planning ensures filings are complete and minimizes the likelihood of procedural issues that could delay court action.
Preparation of the petition involves drafting a clear, well organized pleading that presents the factual basis for the court to recognize trust ownership. This includes attaching relevant exhibits, drafting declarations from trustees and witnesses, and carefully describing the timeline and actions that demonstrate intent to fund the trust. We ensure all procedural requirements are met, file the petition with the probate court, and deliver required notices to interested parties. A carefully prepared filing helps reduce contested issues and speeds resolution.
Declarations are central to a Heggstad Petition and should be detailed, factual, and supported by exhibits. We draft declarations that explain the settlor’s intent, describe the property history, and link documentary evidence to the statements made. Exhibits may include trust pages, deeds, escrow statements, and financial records. Together these materials form the evidentiary backbone of the petition and assist the court in understanding why the property should be declared part of the trust despite the absence of a recorded deed.
After the petition is drafted, we file it with the probate court and ensure that all required parties receive appropriate notice. California law sets specific rules about who must be notified of trust-related petitions, and compliance with these rules is essential to prevent later challenges. Proper service and timely notice allow interested parties to respond and ensure the court can proceed to hearing if contested. We manage these procedural steps to safeguard the petition and avoid procedural defects that could delay resolution.
The court will review the petition, declarations, and exhibits and may hold a hearing to receive further argument or testimony. If the court grants relief, it issues an order that can be used to update title and clarify trustee authority. After the order is entered we assist clients with recording necessary documents and coordinating with title companies or county recorders to reflect the court’s determination in public records. Post-order steps ensure the practical effect of the court’s decision is realized and property can be managed or transferred as intended.
At the hearing we present the factual record and legal arguments supporting recognition of trust ownership, relying on the documentary evidence and declarations prepared earlier. The court may ask questions, require clarification, or hear objections from interested parties. Clear presentation of the timeline and supporting exhibits usually helps the court evaluate whether the evidence satisfies the requirements for a Heggstad Petition. Preparation for the hearing reduces surprises and increases the likelihood of obtaining the order needed to correct title.
Once the court issues an order recognizing the property as trust property, we assist with any recording and administrative steps necessary to reflect the court’s ruling in the official records. This may include preparing certified copies of the order, coordinating with the county recorder, and working with title companies to clear any remaining issues such as liens or clouded title. Ensuring these follow up steps are completed promptly helps trustees use the property as intended and prevents future difficulties when transferring or financing the asset.
A Heggstad Petition is a probate court filing that asks the court to recognize that certain property should be treated as trust property even if the deed or title was never formally transferred into the trust. It is commonly used when a trust document shows the settlor intended the property to be held by the trust, but for whatever reason the record title remains in the settlor’s name. The petition asks the court to examine the evidence and enter an order correcting the ownership record to reflect the trust’s interest. Courts consider the totality of the evidence, including the trust instrument, any contemporaneous statements or actions by the settlor, escrow and closing records, and declarations from individuals involved in the transaction. When the evidence persuades the court that the settlor intended the property to be in the trust and that a formal transfer failed to occur due to oversight or mistake, the court may grant the petition and order title corrected accordingly. This avoids probate and aligns the record with the settlor’s intentions.
Typically the trustee or successor trustee brings a Heggstad Petition because they have an obligation to administer trust property and resolve title issues that impede management or distribution. In some situations beneficiaries or heirs with a direct interest may have standing to petition, particularly if they must protect distribution rights or resolve disputes. The individual filing the petition must show they have a real interest in the outcome and are properly positioned to seek the court’s intervention. The court requires appropriate notice to interested parties, such as beneficiaries, heirs, and lienholders, so they have an opportunity to respond. Proper service and adherence to statutory notice requirements are essential to avoid procedural problems that could delay the case or provide grounds for later challenge. Parties considering a petition should identify and notify all individuals and entities who may be affected by a change in title or trust administration.
Courts weigh a combination of documentary and testimonial evidence when deciding a Heggstad Petition. Key documents often include the trust instrument, deeds, escrow statements, tax records, and any correspondence showing the settlor’s intent to fund the trust. Declarations from trustees, witnesses, or professionals involved in the transaction help explain why the deed was not recorded and how the settlor treated the asset during their lifetime. Circumstantial evidence can also be significant. Actions such as paying property expenses from trust funds, referring to the property as trust property, or planning documents indicating the settlor’s intent may all support the petition. Clear, consistent documentation that ties conduct to intent is the most persuasive basis for relief, while gaps or conflicting evidence may make a petition more contested or difficult to win.
The timeline for a Heggstad Petition varies based on the complexity of the facts, the completeness of the supporting evidence, court scheduling, and whether the petition is contested. Preparing a thorough filing may take several weeks to gather documents, draft declarations, and comply with notice requirements. Once filed, court calendars and required service periods influence how quickly a hearing can be scheduled. If the petition is uncontested and the record is persuasive, courts may rule relatively quickly, but contested matters can extend for months. Post-order recording and title clearance also add time before the property is fully reflected as trust property in public records. Planning for both the court process and follow up administrative steps provides a realistic sense of timing.
A Heggstad Petition addresses ownership and does not automatically eliminate valid liens or mortgages. If liens or mortgages exist, the court’s order recognizing trust ownership does not erase those encumbrances. Lenders and lienholders typically remain secured by their recorded interests until satisfied or released. Trustees should identify any existing encumbrances early in the process and address them as part of post-order title clearing and any transactional plans. In practice, lenders and title companies often require proof of the court order and may insist on additional steps to clear title for refinancing or sale. Coordination with lenders, title companies, and possibly lienholders is frequently needed to resolve outstanding encumbrances and to complete the transaction that motivated the petition in the first place.
Yes. A Heggstad Petition can be used for properties acquired after a trust was created if the settlor intended the property to be placed into the trust but the record title remained in the settlor’s name. Evidence that the settlor treated the property as trust property, or that there was a plan to transfer title but an omission occurred, supports the petition. Documents such as purchase records, trust provisions, and contemporaneous statements are useful in these situations. Because each acquisition has unique facts, careful documentation is important. When properties were bought in the settlor’s name with the intent to fund the trust, evidence of that intent and actions consistent with trust ownership strengthen the case. A petition constructed around a clear timeline and supporting exhibits helps the court evaluate and resolve the discrepancy.
Not necessarily, but proper notice and the opportunity to be heard are required. Even if some interested parties do not agree, the court can resolve competing claims by weighing the factual record and issuing an order that clarifies ownership. If all interested parties agree and are willing to sign corrective deeds, the matter may be resolved without a formal petition. However, when parties disagree, the court’s role in adjudicating the dispute becomes essential to produce a binding resolution. When disagreements exist, the petition process includes service and an opportunity for others to respond or object. The court then considers all submissions and evidence in deciding whether a judicial declaration is warranted. This ensures fairness and that all affected parties have an opportunity to present their views before a final determination is made.
After the court grants a Heggstad Petition, it issues an order that identifies the property as trust property and clarifies the trustee’s authority to act. That order can be used to support recording documents with the county recorder and to assist title companies in clearing the title. Trustees may then proceed with managing, selling, or refinancing the property in accordance with the trust’s terms and the court’s directive. The firm assists clients with the post-order administrative steps, including obtaining certified copies of the order, coordinating with recorders and title companies, and preparing any necessary documents to reflect the court’s ruling. Timely completion of these tasks ensures the practical effect of the court’s decision is realized and reduces the risk of future challenges regarding ownership.
Alternatives include negotiating corrective deeds with co-owners or heirs, pursuing administrative corrections if clerical errors are at issue, or relying on title company procedures where available. These nonjudicial routes can be faster and less costly when parties are cooperative and the facts are clear. However, administrative routes are not always available and may not resolve disputes among interested parties, leaving uncertainties that a court order would decisively address. When parties are unwilling to cooperate or when documentation is insufficient for administrative correction, a Heggstad Petition provides a definitive legal remedy. The petition process also ensures proper notice to interested persons and produces an authoritative court order that third parties will accept, which can be crucial for transactions requiring clear marketable title.
Begin by collecting all trust documents, deeds, escrow records, closing statements, mortgage and tax records, and any correspondence or notes indicating the settlor’s intent. Talking with family members, escrow personnel, or others involved at the time of purchase may uncover witnesses or additional records. Organizing these materials and creating a timeline of events will help determine whether a petition is appropriate and what evidence will be needed to support it. It is also helpful to identify all interested parties who may need to be notified and to confirm any liens or encumbrances on title. Early coordination with a legal advisor can clarify whether a corrective deed, administrative action, or court petition is the best path. Preparing documentation and planning service and notice requirements in advance reduces delays and strengthens the petition’s prospects.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas