A Heggstad Petition is a legal tool used when assets intended to be placed in a trust remain titled in an individual name after the settlor’s incapacity or death. This situation can create confusion, delay transfer, and may lead to unnecessary probate proceedings. In San Rafael and throughout Marin County, individuals and families often encounter this issue with real property, bank accounts, or other assets that were never retitled. The petition asks the court to recognize the settlor’s intent and treat the property as if it had been properly transferred to the trust, streamlining administration and preserving the settlor’s estate plan.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman helps clients evaluate whether a Heggstad Petition is appropriate and walks them through the steps of preparing and filing the petition in Marin County Superior Court. Typical matters include deeds left in an individual’s name, trust funding oversights, and discrepancies between trust documents and title records. When a petition is successful, it allows trustees to manage or distribute assets according to the trust terms without going through full probate. This page outlines the purpose, process, benefits, and common scenarios in which a Heggstad Petition can protect your estate plan.
Filing a Heggstad Petition can prevent delays and additional costs that arise when property intended for a trust remains in the decedent’s or settlor’s name. The petition provides a judicial declaration that the asset is to be treated as trust property, allowing trustees to manage, sell, or distribute items consistent with the trust document. This remedy preserves the settlor’s intent, helps avoid probate for the affected assets, and can reduce family conflict by clarifying title and authority. For families in Marin County, these outcomes contribute to a smoother transition and better protection of estate planning wishes.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides practical, client-focused representation in estate planning and trust administration matters, including Heggstad Petitions. Our approach centers on careful document review, clear communication, and efficient handling of court filings and related tasks. We assist clients in San Rafael and neighboring communities by assessing whether a petition is the best route, preparing the necessary declarations and exhibits, and guiding trustees through the post-decree steps such as recording orders or updating title. We aim to reduce procedural friction and respect the settlor’s documented wishes at every stage.
A Heggstad Petition is focused on correcting the record when trust assets were never properly retitled during lifetime. It is commonly used where deeds, account registrations, or other formal title designations do not match the trust documents, but the settlor clearly intended the trust to own the property. The petition asks the court to deem the property part of the trust as of the settlor’s death or incapacity, which allows trustees to act without resorting to probate. Understanding when this petition applies requires comparing trust schedules, deeds, beneficiary designations, and any contemporaneous evidence of intent.
Not every funding problem requires a Heggstad Petition; sometimes curative instruments, transfer-on-death designations, or straightforward transfers can resolve mismatches. However, when title disputes exist or third parties refuse to honor the trust’s claims, court intervention may be necessary. The petition typically includes declarations from the trustee, copies of trust documents, and relevant deeds or account statements. A successful petition produces a court order that can be recorded or presented to banks, title companies, and other institutions to confirm the trust’s ownership and allow distribution under the trust’s terms.
A Heggstad Petition is a judicial filing that asks a probate court to recognize assets as trust property despite title defects. Originating from case law, the petition demonstrates that the settlor intended the assets to be in the trust, and that their continued listing in the settlor’s name was inadvertent or clerical. The court examines evidence, including the trust itself and any contemporaneous documents, to determine whether the intent is clear. When the court finds in favor of the petition, it issues an order that clarifies title and authorizes the trustee to manage or distribute the asset in accordance with the trust terms.
A successful petition usually contains certain core elements: a clear affidavit or declaration from the trustee, authenticated copies of the trust instrument, documents showing the asset’s current title, and supporting evidence of the settlor’s intent to fund the trust. The process involves drafting the petition, filing it with the probate court, serving interested parties, and attending any necessary hearings. After a favorable ruling, the court issues an order that can be recorded with the county recorder or provided to financial institutions so they will recognize the trust’s ownership. Timely and thorough documentation is essential to achieving the desired outcome.
Understanding common terms helps trustees and family members navigate funding and title issues. Key phrases include settlor, trustee, trust instrument, deed, record title, probate, and successor trustee. Each term relates to how assets are held, who has authority, and what legal mechanisms resolve discrepancies. Familiarity with these concepts makes it easier to compile the evidence needed for a petition and to communicate effectively with courts, title companies, and institutions. Below are concise definitions of several terms you may encounter when addressing trust funding challenges in Marin County.
The settlor is the person who creates the trust and transfers assets into it or intends to do so. In Heggstad matters, the settlor’s documented intent and actions while living are central to resolving title discrepancies. Declarations and contemporaneous records that reflect the settlor’s intent can support a petition when formal retitling did not occur. Courts review the trust document and related evidence to determine whether the settlor intended the property to be part of the trust, despite the asset remaining in the settlor’s individual name or account registration.
The trustee is the person or entity appointed to manage the trust assets and carry out the trust’s terms. In Heggstad petitions, the trustee often files the petition, provides declarations about the trust and the asset, and follows the court’s order to record or transfer title. Trustees must act in accordance with the trust document and state law, maintaining documentation of decisions and communications with financial institutions or title companies. Effective trustee actions help demonstrate the trust’s continuity and the settlor’s intent when addressing funding errors.
Record title refers to how ownership appears on publicly available documents such as deeds, vehicle titles, or account registrations. Discrepancies between record title and trust documents are often the trigger for a Heggstad Petition. Courts will examine the record title alongside the trust instrument and any supporting evidence to determine whether the asset should be treated as trust property. Remedies following a successful petition can include recording a court order to correct the public record and presenting the order to banks or title companies to clear transfers.
Probate avoidance describes the goal of keeping assets out of the probate process so they can pass according to the trust terms without court-supervised distribution. A successful Heggstad Petition can prevent certain assets from being subjected to probate by having the court recognize them as trust property. This outcome often saves time and expense and lets fiduciaries carry out the settlor’s wishes more directly. The petition is one of several tools used to align title with estate planning goals and reduce unnecessary court involvement in asset distribution.
When assets are not properly transferred to a trust, there are several possible remedies including filing a Heggstad Petition, initiating probate, or pursuing administrative transfers with institutions. A Heggstad Petition aims to avoid probate by securing a court declaration that the asset belongs to the trust. Probate may be slower and more public, while administrative transfers require cooperation from banks or title companies and may not be available if institutions are unwilling to act. Deciding among these options depends on the asset type, strength of supporting evidence, and the level of cooperation expected from third parties.
A limited administrative approach can work when financial institutions or title companies accept the trust documents and a death certificate and agree to retitle assets without court involvement. This route is often quicker and avoids litigation costs, but it relies on the willingness of third parties to accept the paperwork and any supporting declarations. Banks, brokerage firms, and some title companies sometimes have internal procedures for transferring accounts or property to a trust after reviewing required documents. When institutions cooperate, trustees can often accomplish the transfer without filing a petition.
When the trust document, beneficiary designations, and communications from the settlor unmistakably show the intent to fund a trust, and no interested party disputes the title, a trustee may resolve matters through negotiation and documentation without court action. This path is feasible when heirs and institutions are aligned and the factual record is strong. However, if a bank or title company refuses to cooperate or an interested party contests the claim, limited administrative measures may fail and a Heggstad Petition could be necessary to secure a binding judicial determination.
Comprehensive legal assistance becomes important when banks, title companies, or other institutions decline to recognize the trust based on available documents. Such refusal can stall administration and force trustees to seek a judicial declaration to establish the trust’s ownership. In those circumstances, an attorney prepares the petition, gathers documentary support, and litigates the matter in probate court so that the trustee receives an enforceable order. This procedure provides a definitive resolution when administrative negotiations do not produce cooperation from key institutions.
When family members or other interested parties contest whether an asset belongs to the trust, comprehensive representation is often required to manage disputes, protect fiduciary duties, and present the evidence needed for court determination. The process includes drafting declarations, compiling exhibits such as trust pages and deeds, serving notice to interested parties, and handling hearings. Legal representation helps trustees navigate procedural requirements and present a persuasive factual record, leading to enforceable court orders that clarify title and permit trust administration to proceed.
A comprehensive approach that culminates in a court order can provide finality by resolving title disputes and authorizing trustees to act without further challenge. Court recognition makes it easier to record changes in the county records, obtain clearances from banks, and transfer property to third parties. This clarity reduces risk for trustees and beneficiaries, minimizes the potential for subsequent litigation, and aligns the administration with the settlor’s documented intentions. For many families, this outcome preserves estate plan goals and reduces ongoing uncertainty about asset ownership.
Beyond finality, a court-ordered resolution can streamline distribution and sale of assets, remove clouded title concerns that impede real estate transactions, and provide documentation that satisfies institutional requirements. While court proceedings involve time and costs, they can be more efficient than prolonged disagreement with banks or heirs that stalls administration. Trustees and beneficiaries benefit from a clear chain of title and the authority to manage assets according to the trust, which helps complete estate matters in a predictable and orderly fashion consistent with the settlor’s wishes.
A primary advantage of a court-backed approach is definitive clarification of title, which resolves ambiguities and removes obstacles to selling, transferring, or distributing assets. When a judge enters an order recognizing trust ownership, recording that order corrects the public record and provides institutions with the authority to release funds or transfer property. This legal certainty protects trustees from subsequent claims and enables beneficiaries to receive distributions according to the trust. For real estate and other titled assets, definitive title clarification is often the most practical path forward.
Court orders reduce the risk of later challenges by formally adjudicating ownership and authority, making it more difficult for parties to reopen settled matters. This protection is valuable in families where emotions or misunderstandings could otherwise lead to renewed conflict. With the litigation pathway completed, trustees can focus on carrying out distribution and administration tasks without constant fear of new claims. The settled record provided by the court supports long-term fiduciary confidence and helps ensure that the settlor’s instructions are followed as intended.
Begin by assembling the trust instrument, any amendments, deeds, account statements, beneficiary designations, and correspondence reflecting the settlor’s intention to fund the trust. Clear documentation makes it easier to show that the asset was intended to belong to the trust despite being titled in the individual’s name. Include signed pages showing trustee appointment and distribution provisions. Collecting these records early reduces delays in assessing whether a Heggstad Petition is needed and helps counsel prepare a persuasive factual record for the court and third parties.
Collect any additional evidence that demonstrates the settlor’s intent to fund the trust, such as signed transfer instructions, correspondence with advisors, or contemporaneous notes. Witness declarations from professionals who assisted with estate planning or from family members who observed funding discussions can bolster a petition. Courts consider the totality of the evidence when determining whether to treat the asset as trust property. Preserving clear and timely documentation strengthens the record and increases the chance of a favorable ruling that aligns title with the settlor’s documented wishes.
Families consider a Heggstad Petition when assets intended for a trust remain titled in an individual’s name and institutions will not voluntarily transfer ownership. Common triggers include deeds still reflecting the decedent’s name, bank accounts not retitled, or mismatches between trust schedules and record title. A petition can avoid probate for the affected assets, clarify legal ownership, and allow trustees to implement the trust terms. For many clients, securing a court order resolves administrative barriers and permits timely management and distribution in accordance with the settlor’s plan.
Consider filing a petition when administration is stalled by title issues that impede real estate sales, beneficiary distributions, or retirement account transfers. If heirs are uncertain about ownership or institutions refuse to honor trust documentation, a petition produces a final determination that supports trustee actions. The process can also prevent future litigation by creating a clear, recorded court order. Seeking legal guidance early helps determine whether a petition is necessary and provides a roadmap for assembling the evidence needed to secure a favorable court ruling in Marin County.
Typical circumstances include real property deeds left in the settlor’s name, bank or brokerage accounts not retitled to the trust, retirement plans with mismatched beneficiary designations, and instances where successor trustees need authority to manage assets but find the record title inconsistent with the trust. Other common triggers are clerical errors during trust funding, overlooked transfer-on-death designations, and institutions unfamiliar with trust documentation. These scenarios often arise after incapacity or death when the trustee attempts to administer the estate and encounters resistance or uncertainty about ownership.
Real estate that was intended to be placed in a revocable living trust but remains recorded in the owner’s individual name is a frequent basis for a Heggstad Petition. Title companies or buyers may require clear resolution before sales or transfers can proceed. A petition produces a court order that can be recorded to correct the public record and allow trustees to sell, refinance, or transfer the property in keeping with the trust terms. This remedy helps avoid the delays and expense of opening probate just to fix title.
When accounts were not retitled into the trust or beneficiary designations conflict with trust provisions, trustees may face refusals from institutions to release funds. A Heggstad Petition can ask the court to declare such accounts trust property so trustees can access and distribute assets according to the trust. Courts review the trust instrument and supporting declarations to determine if the settlor intended the accounts to be trust assets. The court’s order then provides the authority institutions require to proceed with transfers or distributions.
Disputes among heirs or beneficiaries over whether certain assets belong to the trust can necessitate court intervention. When disagreement prevents trustees from acting or when an interested party contests the claim, a probate court can resolve the issue through a Heggstad Petition. The proceeding allows presentation of evidence regarding the settlor’s intent and produces an enforceable order clarifying ownership and authority. This path is effective when attempts at informal resolution fail and there is a need for definitive legal determination.
Residents of San Rafael, Marin County, and nearby communities can obtain assistance from the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman to evaluate funding issues and pursue a Heggstad Petition if appropriate. We work with trustees and families to review trust instruments, gather supporting evidence, and prepare the required court filings. Our local knowledge of Marin County procedures and the probate court’s practices helps streamline the process. Contact us to discuss the facts of your matter and develop a plan to restore title, avoid unnecessary probate, and implement the settlor’s estate plan.
Choosing representation helps ensure that petitions and supporting materials are prepared carefully and meet the court’s requirements. We provide thorough document review, build a clear factual narrative to support the petition, and handle procedural tasks such as service and filings. Trustees benefit from guidance on evidence collection and from professional presentation of the legal issue to the court. Our approach aims to minimize delays and to obtain clear orders that will be accepted by title companies, banks, and other institutions involved in estate administration.
We assist clients in organizing trust instruments, deeds, account statements, and any other documentation that supports the settlor’s intent to fund the trust. When necessary, we prepare declarations and compile exhibits that persuasively demonstrate the trust’s ownership claim. For trustees facing institutional resistance or family disputes, we provide a steady, procedural approach to presenting the case to the probate court. The goal is to secure the legal recognition needed for trustees to fulfill their duties under the trust without further barriers.
Our services include preparing the petition, coordinating service on interested parties, monitoring deadlines, appearing at hearings, and advising about post-order steps like recording the court decree. We also counsel trustees on best practices for communicating with beneficiaries and institutions during the process. This comprehensive handling helps trustees focus on administration rather than procedural burdens, while producing clear, enforceable results that align with the settlor’s documented estate plan and facilitate orderly distribution of trust assets.
Our process begins with an initial consultation to review the trust documents, title records, and the circumstances that produced the funding gap. We then advise whether a Heggstad Petition is the most appropriate remedy, and if so, gather necessary evidence, prepare the petition and declarations, and file with the Marin County Superior Court. We handle service of process, respond to any oppositions, and present the matter at hearing. After a favorable order, we guide trustees through recording and institutional procedures to effectuate the court’s decision and complete administration.
The initial step involves a detailed review of the trust, deeds, account records, and any related documents that demonstrate intent to fund the trust. We evaluate the strength of the evidence, identify interested parties, and assess institutional responses that may affect whether a petition will be necessary. This assessment helps determine the most efficient path—administrative resolution or court filing—and establishes the factual narrative required for a persuasive petition. A careful early review reduces surprises and sets realistic expectations for timing and outcomes.
We assist trustees in collecting originals or certified copies of relevant trust instruments, deeds, account statements, and any contemporaneous communications that show the settlor’s intent. Photographs of signed pages, written transfer instructions, or correspondence with advisors can all strengthen the factual record. Accurate gathering and organization of exhibits ensure the petition is supported by clear evidence and reduces the risk of procedural objections. Thorough preparation at this stage often determines the speed and success of later court proceedings.
Part of the initial assessment includes identifying heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, and any other parties who must be served or could contest the petition. Anticipating likely objections helps shape the petition strategy and the evidence to be presented. We evaluate statutory notice requirements and recommend practical steps to minimize conflicts. When disputes are expected, early planning about how to present declarations and exhibits in a clear and organized manner improves the chances of obtaining a favorable order without protracted litigation.
After assembling the evidence, we draft the Heggstad Petition and supporting declarations, ensuring compliance with local court rules and probate procedures. The petition outlines the factual basis for treating the asset as trust property and requests an order reflecting that determination. We file the petition with the Marin County Superior Court, arrange for service on interested parties, and respond to any procedural requirements from the court clerk. Accurate and well-supported filings reduce the likelihood of procedural delays and help the court reach a prompt decision.
Declarations from the trustee, copies of the trust and deeds, and other exhibits are prepared to make a coherent, evidence-based presentation to the court. Declarations describe the settlor’s intent, the missing transfer or retitling, and the reason the petition is necessary. Exhibits should be clearly labeled and organized so the judge can easily follow the chronology and supporting documentation. Strong, well-organized exhibits increase the probability that the court will issue the requested order without extensive supplemental briefing.
Once the petition and supporting documents are filed, we arrange for proper service on all interested parties and track response deadlines. If objections or responses are filed, we prepare replies and negotiate where feasible to narrow contested issues. We also handle scheduling hearings and communicating with the court clerk about local procedural matters. Managing these procedural steps diligently helps prevent unnecessary continuances and positions the matter for resolution at the earliest practical hearing date.
If a hearing is necessary, we present the declarations and argument to the probate court, addressing any concerns the judge raises. After a favorable ruling, the court issues an order that can be recorded with the county recorder or presented to financial institutions to confirm trust ownership. Post-order actions include recording the decree where appropriate, updating account registrations, and communicating the order to title companies and banks. These final steps ensure the court’s determination is implemented and that trustees can continue administering the trust without title obstacles.
At the hearing we focus on presenting a clear factual narrative supported by the gathered evidence and answer the court’s questions regarding intent and documentation. We emphasize the trust terms, the settlor’s actions, and any institutional refusals to recognize the trust. Our objective is to secure a definitive court order that clarifies ownership. Clear advocacy at the hearing often leads to orders that are accepted by third parties and recorded as needed to effectuate title correction and facilitate trustee duties going forward.
After the order is issued, we assist with recording the decree and presenting certified copies to banks, title companies, or other institutions to obtain required transfers or re-registrations. We advise trustees on the appropriate steps to close or retitle accounts, execute deeds, or arrange sales in accordance with the trust terms. Completing these administrative tasks ensures that the court’s order has practical effect and that the trust’s assets are properly aligned with the settlor’s documented plan for management and distribution.
A Heggstad Petition is a legal filing that asks the probate court to declare that certain assets should be treated as trust property despite being recorded in the settlor’s name. It is used when a settlor intended to fund a revocable living trust but failed to retitle specific assets during life, resulting in a mismatch between the trust document and record title. The petition demonstrates the settlor’s intent and requests a court order recognizing the asset as part of the trust so trustees can manage or distribute it according to the trust’s terms. The petition typically includes the trust instrument, evidence of the asset’s current title, and declarations from the trustee or witnesses documenting intent. If the court enters an order, that order can be recorded with the county recorder or presented to financial institutions to effectuate transfers. The Heggstad route aims to resolve funding errors without subjecting the asset to full probate by producing a judicial declaration that aligns title with the trust.
Timing depends on the complexity of the matter, the court’s calendar, and whether interested parties contest the petition. In straightforward, uncontested cases where institutions cooperate and the evidence is clear, the process can be resolved more quickly. When objections or scheduling issues arise, it may take longer for the court to set a hearing and issue an order. Early assessment and careful preparation of declarations and exhibits help minimize delays and keep proceedings focused. Factors affecting duration include the need for service on interested parties, the time required to gather supporting documents, and local court procedures. Working with counsel familiar with Marin County probate practices helps anticipate hearing timelines and procedural requirements, and provides a realistic expectation of how long the process is likely to take in your specific case.
Courts look for clear, credible evidence that the settlor intended the asset to be part of the trust. Useful evidence includes the trust instrument and any amendments, deeds, account statements showing record title, contemporaneous transfer instructions, correspondence with attorneys or financial advisors, and declarations from the trustee or other witnesses. Photocopies of signed trust pages and documentary proof of the settlor’s actions are commonly included in petitions to establish intent. Other helpful materials include written instructions prepared around the time the trust was created, communications showing attempts to retitle assets, and explanations from institutions refusing to transfer the asset. The combination of direct documentary proof and supporting declarations strengthens the petition and increases the likelihood that a court will issue the requested order recognizing the asset as trust property.
A successful Heggstad Petition can prevent certain assets from being administered through probate by having the court recognize them as trust property. When the court issues an order declaring that the asset belongs to the trust, the trustee can often proceed with management or distribution without opening probate for that asset. However, the petition addresses only the specific assets named and the court’s ruling applies to those items; other assets with different title issues may still require separate action. It is important to note that a court action to recognize trust ownership is focused on correcting title and aligning the record with the settlor’s intent. While it frequently avoids probate for the affected asset, the overall estate administration may still involve other processes depending on the totality of the settlor’s holdings and how other assets are titled or designated.
Costs vary with the complexity of the case, the time needed to gather evidence, prepare declarations, and handle any contested proceedings. Fees typically include attorney time for document review, drafting the petition and exhibits, court filing fees, and service costs. In uncontested matters, overall costs may be more modest; contested proceedings or complex title issues will increase time and expenses. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides an initial consultation to review the facts and give a realistic estimate of anticipated fees and filing costs. Beyond attorney fees, administrative costs such as title searches, certified document copies, and recording fees can add to the total. Early communication about the scope of work and potential complications helps produce a clearer cost estimate. Discussing budget and desired outcomes at the outset allows for planning that balances cost containment with the need for a comprehensive factual record to support the petition.
Yes, trustees may file a Heggstad Petition even if all family members are not in agreement, provided the trustee has the authority under the trust instrument to take action on trust assets. The probate process requires service on interested parties, and the court will consider any objections raised. When disputes exist, it becomes more important to build a strong factual record and to address potential challenges through well-prepared declarations and exhibits that demonstrate the settlor’s intent. When family members contest the petition, litigation may take longer and require additional work to resolve objections. Legal representation helps trustees manage notice requirements, respond to oppositions, and advocate for a resolution that aligns with the trust document. The court ultimately determines ownership based on the evidence presented, so careful preparation is essential in contested scenarios.
If a bank or title company refuses to recognize a court order, the trustee should present a certified copy of the decree along with any supporting documentation and explain the court’s findings and authority. In most cases, institutions accept a court order that clarifies ownership. If an institution continues to resist, additional steps may include direct communication by counsel to the institution’s legal department or filing supplemental filings with the court to compel compliance. Persistent refusal by an institution is rare when there is a clear, recorded court order, but legal counsel can take steps to enforce the order if necessary. An enforceable order provides the trustee with remedies and legal leverage to obtain the recognition needed to transfer or manage the asset, and counsel can advise on the next steps to ensure institutional compliance.
Alternatives to a Heggstad Petition include administrative transfers handled directly with banks or title companies, using transfer-on-death designations where available, or executing post-death affidavits if statutory mechanisms allow for small-value transfers without probate. These options depend on the asset type and the willingness of institutions to rely on presented documents. Administrative solutions are often faster and less expensive but require cooperation from third parties and strong supporting documentation. When institutions decline to act or when disputes exist among interested parties, a Heggstad Petition may be the most reliable way to secure a binding legal determination. Legal counsel can help evaluate whether administrative remedies are likely to succeed or whether a petition is the safer course given the facts and institutional behavior involved.
Heggstad Petitions are most commonly used for real property and other titled assets, but issues with retirement accounts and beneficiary designations can sometimes be addressed through different procedures. Retirement accounts generally pass according to beneficiary designations and may not be subject to a Heggstad Petition, but when beneficiary forms conflict with trust intentions or estate planning documents, a careful review is required. In some cases, corrective steps or court intervention can resolve mismatches depending on the specifics of the account and the applicable rules. For retirement and retirement-plan assets, it is important to consult the plan administrator about transfer rules and beneficiary designation remedies. When trusts were intended to be beneficiaries or to receive proceeds, counsel will review plan documents and advise on the appropriate path, which may include negotiation with plan administrators, beneficiary designation updates, or court proceedings when necessary to protect the settlor’s intent.
To start the process in San Rafael, gather your trust instrument, deeds, account statements, death certificate if applicable, and any other documents showing the settlor’s intent. Contact the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman for an initial review; we will assess the records, advise whether a Heggstad Petition is appropriate, and outline the steps and likely timeline. Early document organization and open communication with potential interested parties can speed the assessment and filing process. After the initial review, we assist in preparing declarations, exhibits, and the petition itself, filing with the Marin County Superior Court and arranging service on interested parties. We will keep you informed about procedural milestones, hearings, and post-order steps to record and implement the court’s decision so trustees can proceed with administration under the trust.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas