If you are considering changes to an existing trust in Angwin, a trust modification petition can be the legal pathway to make those adjustments while maintaining continuity of the trust generally. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman helps clients understand when a trust can be modified, what legal standards apply in California, and how to prepare and present a petition to a court when required. This guide explains common reasons for seeking modification, the procedural steps, and practical considerations to protect beneficiaries and the grantor’s intent while aligning the trust with current circumstances.
Trust modification petitions can arise from changes in family dynamics, tax law, incapacity concerns, or errors in original trust documents. In Angwin and wider Napa County, property holdings, retirement plan issues, and life changes often prompt owners to revisit their estate plan language. This section outlines how a modification petition differs from other estate planning tools and when judicial approval is advisable versus using amendment powers reserved by the trust instrument. We aim to clarify realistic timelines, typical documentation, and how legal counsel can help preserve objectives and reduce the risk of disputes among beneficiaries.
Filing a trust modification petition can protect assets, clarify beneficiary rights, and correct drafting errors that might otherwise cause litigation after a grantor’s incapacity or passing. By pursuing a petition, interested parties can request judicial approval to alter trust terms when all beneficiaries do not consent or when the trust language is ambiguous. The benefits include creating a clear path for administration, reducing future conflicts, and ensuring the trust aligns with current law and personal circumstances. A properly prepared petition can also mitigate tax consequences, address retirement account designations, and secure the grantor’s intentions in an enforceable manner.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides estate planning representation to individuals and families across San Jose and Napa County, including Angwin. Our approach focuses on careful document review, practical solutions, and clear communication about the trust modification petition process. We work with clients to evaluate the trust instrument, discover available amendment clauses, and determine whether a court petition is necessary. The firm emphasizes collaborative problem solving with trustees and beneficiaries to minimize conflict and preserve family relationships while pursuing outcomes that reflect the client’s current intentions and legal needs.
A trust modification petition is a legal request to a probate court to change the terms of an existing trust when modification cannot be achieved through the trust’s own amendment provisions or when parties disagree. Common grounds include changed circumstances, mistake or ambiguity in the original document, or to correct terms that create administrative impracticalities. The petition process involves filing a detailed petition, notifying interested parties, and sometimes presenting evidence or legal argument at a hearing. Understanding whether to seek judicial modification begins with a careful review of the trust documents and all interested parties’ positions.
Not all trust changes require court involvement. Many trusts contain provisions permitting the grantor or trustee to amend or restate terms without judicial approval. When that is not possible, or when beneficiaries contest proposed changes, a petition provides a formal mechanism to resolve disputes and ensure enforceable results. The petition can seek clarification of vague provisions, reformation to reflect the grantor’s probable intent, or modification to address unanticipated legal or tax consequences. Properly preparing a petition includes assembling financial records, drafting proposed revised terms, and, when helpful, gathering declarations from relevant witnesses.
A trust modification petition is a court filing that asks a judge to modify, reform, or construe provisions of a trust to reflect changed circumstances or correct mistakes. It differs from a trust amendment, which is typically executed under the terms of the trust by the grantor or trustee without court involvement. A petition becomes necessary when the trust lacks clear amendment authority, beneficiaries disagree, or when the proposed changes could materially affect distribution or administrative powers. The petition will explain why modification is necessary, propose specific language or relief, and provide evidence supporting the requested change.
A successful petition generally includes the original trust or a certified copy, a statement of the circumstances prompting modification, a clear description of the requested change, and evidence supporting why the modification is appropriate under California law. The process requires proper notice to all interested parties and often a period for objections or negotiated resolutions. If contested, the court may hold a hearing where witnesses or declarations are evaluated. The judge then issues an order either granting the requested modification, modifying it, or denying the petition based on statutory standards and equitable considerations.
Understanding the terminology used in trust modification matters helps clients follow the process and evaluate options. Terms such as grantor, trustee, beneficiary, reformation, modification, construction, and decanting may appear in petitions and court rulings. Knowing what each term means, and how California law treats different types of requests, reduces uncertainty and aids informed decision making. This glossary provides concise definitions and practical examples so that clients and family members understand their roles, the potential effects of modification, and how to read court documents related to a petition.
The grantor is the person who originally created and funded the trust. In the context of a modification petition, the grantor’s intent and any powers retained by the grantor to amend the trust are central considerations. If the grantor is alive and retains amendment powers, courts often defer to the grantor’s lawful decisions. When the grantor is incapacitated or deceased, petitions may rely on evidence of the grantor’s intention, circumstances that frustrate the original plan, or legal doctrines that permit reformation to reflect what the grantor likely intended when creating the trust.
Reformation is a legal remedy that allows a court to correct a written trust document to reflect the parties’ actual intent when a mistake or drafting error is proven. A reformation petition typically requires clear and convincing evidence that the document does not match what the grantor intended. Courts will consider extrinsic evidence, such as draft documents, communications, and contextual facts, to determine whether reformation is appropriate. The goal of reformation is to align the trust instrument with the intended terms while preserving the grantor’s original objectives.
A trustee is the person or entity responsible for managing the trust assets and carrying out the terms of the trust in the best interests of the beneficiaries. When a trust modification petition is filed, the trustee may be a petitioner, a respondent, or a neutral party asked to carry out any approved changes. Trustees must follow fiduciary duties under California law while evaluating proposed modifications, provide accurate accountings when required, and assist the court in understanding the trust’s administration history and any practical issues that make modification desirable or necessary.
A beneficiary is anyone entitled to receive benefits or distributions from the trust per its terms. Beneficiaries have standing to object to a proposed modification that affects their interests. Courts will consider the rights of beneficiaries, potential prejudice from changes, and whether proposed modifications are equitable. Some modifications can be achieved with unanimous beneficiary consent without court involvement; when consent is lacking or the changes are significant, a judicial petition provides a forum to balance interests and render a binding resolution that clarifies recipients’ rights going forward.
There are different routes to alter trust terms: using in-trust amendment powers if available, negotiating beneficiary consent, seeking reformation to correct mistakes, or filing a modification petition when court approval is necessary. Each option carries different timelines, costs, and levels of certainty. Direct amendments are fastest when permitted, while reformation requires evidentiary showing of mistake. A modification petition is the formal route to address contested matters or situations where the trust’s amendment powers are silent or absent. Choosing the right option depends on the trust language, parties’ agreement, and legal risks involved.
A limited approach such as a trustee amendment or a written agreement among beneficiaries may be sufficient when changes are administrative in nature and do not materially alter beneficiaries’ economic rights. Examples include correcting names, updating trustee contact information, or clarifying distribution timing. When all interested parties agree and the trust instrument allows administrative adjustments or trustee powers permit clarification, formal court intervention can often be avoided. Using a limited approach can keep costs down and preserve family relationships while achieving practical fixes to trust administration issues.
If all beneficiaries with an interest in the relevant trust provisions consent in writing, many changes can be implemented without a court petition. This approach requires careful documentation of agreement and often benefits from counsel review to ensure that consent is informed and that tax or creditor issues are addressed. Unanimous consent reduces litigation risk and speeds implementation, but practitioners must confirm that no statutory restrictions or third-party rights prevent the change. Properly executed agreements can provide the clarity trustees need to proceed with revised administration.
Comprehensive legal service, including filing a petition, becomes necessary when beneficiaries disagree about changes or when there are allegations of trustee misconduct or uncertainty about authority. In those circumstances, a court’s involvement provides a neutral forum to examine evidence, evaluate legal standards, and issue binding orders that resolve disputes. Thorough representation helps preserve rights, respond to objections, manage procedural notices, and prepare declarations or documentary evidence that support the requested modification, ensuring that the matter is presented in a way the court can adjudicate fairly.
When proposed trust changes raise complex tax implications, involve retirement plan designations, or affect creditor rights, a comprehensive legal approach is important. Court petitions can address relief that avoids unintended tax consequences, clarify how retirement assets should be handled with respect to the trust, and provide protections against creditor claims. Legal counsel can coordinate with tax advisors, prepare analyses for the court, and propose modifications designed to maintain tax efficiency and asset protection while ensuring that any amendments comply with statutory rules and fiduciary obligations.
A comprehensive approach to trust modification provides certainty and enforceability, particularly when beneficiaries disagree or when complex legal and financial issues are present. Court-ordered modifications carry the weight of judicial authority, reducing the risk of future challenges. A formal process also ensures full notice to interested parties, offers opportunities to resolve contested issues through negotiation or mediation under judicial supervision, and generates a clear record of the change. These features help trustees administer the trust confidently and help beneficiaries understand their rights going forward.
Beyond certainty, a judicial petition can address matters that informal agreements cannot, such as retroactive reformation to correct drafting errors or judicial construction where trust terms are ambiguous. The court can impose tailored relief that reconciles competing claims and preserves the grantor’s overarching intent. Moreover, involving the court can sometimes unlock administrative remedies, such as authority to sell property or adjust distribution timing, in ways that protect fiduciary duties and reduce personal liability for trustees who follow the court’s directives.
Judicial approval of a modification creates a binding order that reduces the likelihood of subsequent litigation or competing claims about the trust terms. When the court issues an order after considering evidence and objections, trustees and beneficiaries have a clear directive to follow. This certainty benefits estate administration by minimizing disputes, offering a defensible record for asset transfers, and providing peace of mind to all parties that the trust’s current form reflects an adjudicated resolution rather than an informal agreement that could be contested later.
A comprehensive petition process allows courts to craft remedies tailored to nuanced situations, such as resolving conflicts between trust provisions and beneficiary designations, correcting drafting errors, or modifying terms to respond to unforeseen life changes. Courts can integrate factual findings with legal analysis to produce orders that reconcile competing interests, manage tax consequences, or authorize administrative actions essential for efficient trust management. This holistic approach helps trustees and beneficiaries navigate practical obstacles while maintaining fidelity to the grantor’s overall plan.
Before filing any petition, collect and organize all trust documents, amendments, account statements, correspondence, and records of prior legal or financial advice. Clear documentation supports factual assertions about the grantor’s intent, prior drafting errors, or administrative history. Organized records speed the petition preparation and reduce the chance of surprises during notice or hearings. When family communications or drafts exist that clarify original intentions, include them as supporting material to help the court understand the context for the requested modification and to provide a complete factual basis for relief.
When proposed modifications affect retirement plans, life insurance trusts, or other tax-sensitive accounts, assess the potential tax implications before finalizing changes. Modifications that inadvertently alter beneficiary designations or the character of trust assets can trigger taxable events or unintended creditor exposure. Coordinate with tax advisors as needed and present any analysis to the court when seeking relief to ensure that the modification achieves estate planning goals without imposing avoidable tax consequences. Careful planning reduces the likelihood of later disputes or unanticipated liabilities.
People pursue trust modification petitions for a variety of reasons, including correcting drafting mistakes, accommodating changes in family structure such as marriage, divorce, or births, addressing trustee incapacity, or resolving conflicts between trust terms and beneficiary expectations. Other reasons include updating provisions to reflect new tax laws, adjusting distribution timing for financial or medical needs, or clarifying ambiguous language that complicates administration. Evaluating these reasons early helps determine whether negotiation, amendment, reformation, or a formal petition is the best path forward for aligning the trust with current realities.
Another common reason is to address practical administration problems, such as assets that cannot be managed under existing terms or circumstances where a trustee lacks authority to take necessary actions without judicial oversight. In cases where trust provisions were drafted years earlier, a petition can modernize administrative powers, confirm trustee authority to handle contemporary financial instruments, or secure court authorization to sell property. The petition process helps trustees obtain the legal authority needed to act responsibly while protecting beneficiary interests and preserving the grantor’s intent.
Typical scenarios prompting a petition include discovery of drafting errors or ambiguous clauses, beneficiaries contesting distributions, trustee disputes over authority, and changes in family circumstances like remarriage or the birth of new heirs. Other triggers include changes in federal or state law affecting trust administration, the need to correct inconsistent beneficiary designations for retirement accounts, and situations where property initially intended for the trust was omitted. Recognizing these circumstances early allows for timely evaluation of legal options and helps avoid unnecessary delay in administration.
Drafting mistakes or omissions in a trust document can create significant uncertainty about the grantor’s intent and the proper distribution of assets. Whether due to typographical errors, conflicting clauses, or omitted schedules of assets, these issues often necessitate court review to reform the document or to clarify how terms should be applied. A petition founded on convincing evidence of mistake can restore alignment between the trust document and what the grantor actually intended, thereby reducing the possibility of protracted disputes among beneficiaries and easing the trustee’s administrative responsibilities.
When significant life events occur—such as divorce, remarriage, births, deaths, or major changes in asset composition—the original trust may no longer reflect the grantor’s priorities. These changes can justify a petition to adjust distribution schedules, create new provisions for support or care, or clarify treatment of certain assets. Courts can approve modifications that respond to these changed circumstances when doing so preserves the overall intent of the trust and protects the interests of all parties involved, including vulnerable beneficiaries who may require special planning.
Disputes regarding a trustee’s actions, decision-making authority, or alleged breaches of duty often require judicial intervention to resolve competing claims and restore proper administration. A modification petition, or a related proceeding, can confirm or adjust trustee powers, remove and replace a trustee if warranted, or direct specific actions to protect trust assets and beneficiary interests. Courts weigh evidence of trustee conduct, fiduciary duties, and the best interests of beneficiaries when determining appropriate remedies that maintain faithful administration of the trust.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides personalized assistance to Angwin residents seeking trust modifications or guidance about alternative approaches. We explain the practical and legal implications of different options, help gather necessary documentation, and prepare petitions or agreements tailored to the specific facts. Our office works to keep clients informed at each step, coordinates service of notice to interested parties, and strives to advance solutions that are efficient, clear, and aligned with the client’s objectives. We aim to reduce uncertainty and help families move forward with confidence.
Clients choose our firm for practical, client-centered representation that focuses on clear communication and thoughtful problem solving. We take time to review the trust instruments, discuss objectives and concerns with the grantor or beneficiaries, and propose legally sound options that reflect the client’s goals. Whether pursuing a negotiated agreement or a judicial petition, we work to present the strongest possible position to achieve modification that withstands future scrutiny, while striving to keep costs reasonable and timelines as predictable as possible for busy families and trustees.
Our team assists with all procedural aspects of a petition, including preparing the pleading, coordinating service on interested parties, drafting supporting declarations, and presenting the case at hearings when necessary. We also advise on related matters such as beneficiary consents, trustee authority, and interactions with retirement accounts or life insurance trusts. By combining attention to factual detail with careful legal analysis, our goal is to secure a durable resolution that meets the client’s present needs and reduces the chance of future contests.
In addition to litigation-oriented tasks, we emphasize preventive planning to minimize future disputes. That includes reviewing trust language to suggest clearer drafting, preparing certification of trust documents for financial institutions, and advising trustees on best practices for recordkeeping and communications. These proactive measures reduce friction and help trustees administer trust assets responsibly, while giving beneficiaries better visibility into the trust’s operation and the rationale behind any proposed modification.
Our process begins with an initial review of the trust documents and relevant records to determine whether amendment, beneficiary agreement, reformation, or a petition is the appropriate path. If a petition is needed, we prepare the pleading, identify interested parties, and initiate proper notice procedures. We gather supporting evidence, drafts, and declarations to present a convincing case to the court. Throughout the matter, we keep clients apprised of timelines, likely outcomes, and options for resolving disputes by agreement or through court hearings as necessary.
The preliminary review evaluates the trust instrument, asset schedules, beneficiary relationships, and any amendment clauses to identify the most efficient route. Strategy development considers whether a non-judicial solution is feasible, the strengths of evidence supporting reformation or modification, and potential objections from beneficiaries or creditors. This stage includes client interviews to document intent, collection of drafts or communications that show original planning goals, and an assessment of how proposed changes will affect tax, creditor, and administrative issues.
We gather all relevant documents, including original trust instruments, amendments, beneficiary designations, and financial account records. Reviewing these materials helps identify inconsistencies, ambiguous provisions, or omitted assets that may affect the requested modification. The review also seeks evidence supporting the grantor’s intent and any communications that reveal the rationale for the original trust terms. This foundation enables us to draft a petition that accurately reflects the factual basis for the requested relief and anticipates potential challenges from other parties.
During the initial conference, we discuss the client’s objectives, review the facts uncovered during the document review, and explain available options. We outline the procedural steps, likely timelines, and the information needed to support a petition, including witness declarations or contemporaneous communications. The strategy meeting identifies potential negotiation opportunities with beneficiaries and evaluates whether mediation or settlement discussions might resolve the matter more efficiently than a contested court proceeding.
When filing is appropriate, we draft a detailed petition that sets forth factual statements, legal grounds for modification or reformation, and the specific relief requested. The filing also includes supporting declarations and documentary evidence to bolster the petition’s claims. We ensure proper service on all interested parties in accordance with California probate rules and monitor deadlines for responses or objections. Clear and thorough pleading reduces the risk of procedural dismissal and establishes a strong foundation for negotiations or court hearings.
Drafting focuses on clearly explaining the factual background, the error or changed circumstance, and the proposed modifications with precise language. Supporting declarations from the grantor, trustees, or other witnesses provide firsthand context about the trust’s original purpose and the need for change. Exhibits such as draft documents, correspondence, and financial records are attached to corroborate claims. Well-crafted pleadings make it easier for the court to understand the request and for parties to assess potential resolution options.
After filing, interested parties must be properly served and given an opportunity to respond. We handle service logistics, prepare notice packets, and track response deadlines. When objections arise, we engage in follow-up discussions to explore settlement or clarify contested issues. If matters remain unresolved, we proceed to prepare for hearing, which may include additional declarations, rebuttal evidence, and legal briefing to address disputed factual or legal points before the court.
If the petition is contested, the court may hold a hearing where the parties present evidence and argument. We prepare clients and witnesses for testimony and submit legal briefs as needed. Following the hearing, the court issues an order granting, modifying, or denying the petition. If granted, we ensure the order is properly recorded, distribute copies to trustees and financial institutions, and assist with implementation steps, such as preparing revised trust documents, updating account beneficiaries, and advising trustees on next steps to comply with the court’s directives.
Preparation for hearing includes reviewing submitted evidence, preparing witness declarations, and formulating concise legal arguments tied to governing statutes and case law. We counsel clients on courtroom procedures and effective presentation of facts. At hearing, our goal is to present a clear narrative that persuades the judge to grant appropriate relief, while addressing objections professionally. Adequate preparation improves the likelihood of a favorable outcome and helps the court reach an informed decision based on a well-organized record.
Once the court issues its order, we assist with implementing the changes, including preparing any required amended trust documents, providing certified copies to financial institutions, and advising trustees on steps to carry out distributions or administrative actions consistent with the order. We also confirm that account transfers, title changes, or beneficiary updates occur smoothly and in accordance with institutional requirements. Finalizing the process ensures the trust operates under the new terms and reduces the chance of future disputes over interpretation or compliance.
A trust modification petition is a court filing that requests a change, reformation, or clarification of an existing trust when the trust instrument cannot be adjusted by private amendment or when parties dispute the proper course. It becomes necessary when the trust is ambiguous, contains demonstrable drafting errors, or when circumstances have changed in ways that frustrate the grantor’s original plan. The petition explains the factual background, legal basis for the requested relief, and the specific modifications sought, providing the court with a clear framework to resolve the issue. The petition process also ensures proper notice to all interested parties and an opportunity for objections or negotiation. If uncontested, the court may grant the relief on the submitted papers; if contested, a hearing will allow the parties to present evidence. A court order provides binding direction for trustees and beneficiaries and reduces the risk of future disputes by creating a judicially approved modification.
The timeline for a trust modification petition varies based on complexity, the need for discovery, and whether the petition is contested. Uncontested matters with clear documentation and beneficiary agreement can sometimes be resolved in a few months, while contested petitions that require hearings or extensive evidence may take longer. Calendar congestion in local probate departments and the need to gather supporting documents or declarations also affect timing. During the initial consultation we outline likely timelines based on the trust’s facts and the parties involved. We assist with gathering necessary records and serve notice promptly to move the matter forward efficiently. If settlement discussions are productive, the matter can conclude more quickly than proceeding to a contested hearing.
Yes, beneficiaries can object to a proposed modification, and their objections are considered by the court. The court evaluates objections alongside the petitioner’s evidence and the applicable legal standards to determine whether modification or reformation is warranted. The ability of beneficiaries to prevent a modification depends on the strength of the petition’s supporting facts and the legal basis for relief; compelling objections grounded in law or fact can influence the court’s decision. However, if the petitioner presents convincing documentation showing a mistake, changed circumstances, or a lawful basis for modification, the court may still grant relief despite objections. In practice, demonstrating thorough factual support and engaging in pre-filing communication with beneficiaries often reduces the likelihood of sustained opposition.
Proposed modifications can affect tax treatment and retirement accounts, particularly when the trust interacts with retirement plan designations or irrevocable trust structures. Changes that alter beneficiary designations or the character of trust interests may have tax consequences or affect account distribution options. It is important to analyze tax implications and coordinate any petition with retirement account custodians or tax advisors when needed to avoid unintended outcomes. We evaluate potential tax and retirement account impacts as part of the petition strategy and advise clients on steps to mitigate adverse effects. When necessary, we work with financial or tax advisors to prepare analyses for the court and to propose modifications that preserve tax efficiency while achieving the grantor’s updated objectives.
Support for a reformation or modification petition generally includes the original trust document and any drafts or communications that indicate the grantor’s intent, witness declarations, and documentary evidence showing a mistake or changed circumstances. Evidence may include prior drafts, email correspondence, contemporaneous notes, or testimony from individuals familiar with the grantor’s intent. Clear, organized records strengthen the petition and help the court understand why reformation or modification is appropriate. In many cases, financial records and asset schedules are also necessary to demonstrate how proposed changes will be implemented and their impact on beneficiaries. Gathering thorough evidence before filing helps anticipate objections and presents a cohesive factual narrative to the court to support the requested relief.
Yes, trustees often have standing to file petitions seeking instructions, modifications, or clarification of trust terms where the trustee’s authority is uncertain or where action is needed to protect trust assets. A trustee-initiated petition can ask the court to authorize specific actions, confirm powers, or modify trust terms to enable proper administration. Courts will evaluate the trustee’s fiduciary duties and the best interests of beneficiaries when considering such petitions. When trustees file petitions, they must provide full disclosure and proper notice to beneficiaries and other interested parties. Legal representation helps trustees frame the request in a manner that demonstrates prudence and adherence to fiduciary obligations, while seeking the clarity or authority necessary for responsible management.
Mediation and negotiation are often viable alternatives to litigation and can resolve trust disputes more quickly and with less expense. Parties may reach agreements that accomplish the grantor’s objectives without a formal court process, particularly when communications reveal common ground or when beneficiaries agree in writing to specific changes. Mediation provides a structured environment to explore solutions while preserving relationships and avoiding the uncertainty of a contested hearing. If mediation or negotiation fails, the record of attempted resolution can still be useful in court to show reasonableness and willingness to cooperate. Counsel can facilitate these discussions and document agreements to ensure any private resolution is implemented correctly and, when appropriate, submitted to the court for approval and a binding order.
Costs for pursuing a trust modification petition depend on the petition’s complexity, whether the matter is contested, and the amount of evidence required. Simple, uncontested petitions generally incur lower fees for drafting and filing, while contested matters involving depositions, expert analysis, or extended hearings will be more expensive. Additional costs include court filing fees, service costs, and potential fees for financial or tax advisors when specialized analysis is needed. We provide an initial assessment to estimate likely costs and discuss options to manage expenses, such as pursuing negotiation or targeted pleadings to narrow issues. Clear planning and early communication about objectives can help contain costs while pursuing a resolution that meets the client’s needs.
California law permits reformation of a trust to correct mistakes when evidence shows the written instrument does not reflect the grantor’s actual intent. Courts consider extrinsic evidence, such as drafts, communications, or other documentation, to determine if reformation is warranted. The standard requires credible proof that the discrepancy arose from mistake or that the trust’s language fails to express the grantor’s intent as originally understood. Reformation is not granted lightly; the petitioner must present compelling factual support. When successful, reformation adjusts the trust instrument to the intended terms, preventing unjust results and aligning legal documents with the grantor’s original planning objectives.
After the court grants a modification petition, it issues an order detailing the approved changes and any implementation instructions. The order typically becomes part of the probate record and should be provided to trustees, financial institutions, and beneficiaries. Trustees use the court order to effect changes such as transferring titles, updating account beneficiary designations, or revising distribution schedules in accordance with the court’s directive. We help clients implement the order by preparing any amended trust documents, coordinating with custodians and banks to update records, and providing trustees with guidance on administrative steps. Finalizing the court order’s directives reduces ambiguity and helps prevent future disputes by creating a clear and enforceable framework for trust administration.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas