Planning for the future is an important step for individuals and families in Foothill Ranch and throughout Orange County. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we help clients organize wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives so their wishes are respected and assets are managed smoothly. Whether you are beginning to assemble documents or reviewing an existing plan, clear legal guidance helps reduce family stress and avoid probate pitfalls. This introduction explains the primary estate planning options, how they interact, and why taking proactive steps now can provide peace of mind and protect your loved ones down the road.
Estate planning touches more than asset distribution; it also covers decisions about health care, incapacity planning, and guardianship nominations for dependents. Our approach prioritizes practical, state-compliant documents such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, financial powers of attorney, and advance health care directives. We explain how these tools work together to keep your affairs private, reduce avoidable court proceedings, and ensure that personal and financial intentions are honored. This paragraph provides an overview of the common documents people in Foothill Ranch choose and why a tailored plan matters for your family’s future.
Estate planning delivers multiple benefits for individuals and families by clarifying intent and avoiding confusion at a difficult time. A properly drafted plan can prevent lengthy probate, reduce costs, and provide a structured process for transferring property to beneficiaries. In addition to asset distribution, a plan can address incapacity through powers of attorney and health care directives, nominate guardians for minors, and set up trusts that preserve benefits and manage distributions. Residents of Foothill Ranch can rely on these legal tools to protect privacy and create predictable outcomes that reflect their values and financial priorities.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides client-focused estate planning services to individuals and families, emphasizing clear communication and personalized plans. Our team guides clients through selecting appropriate documents such as revocable trusts, wills, and powers of attorney, and assists with trust administration and modification when circumstances change. We aim to make the process understandable and manageable, explaining legal choices in everyday language so clients feel comfortable making informed decisions. We serve clients across California and tailor plans to reflect family dynamics, asset structures, and long-term goals.
Estate planning combines a set of legal documents and procedures designed to manage your property during life and distribute it after death according to your wishes. Central documents include a revocable living trust to hold assets, a last will and testament to cover what remains outside the trust, and financial power of attorney to allow a trusted person to manage finances if you cannot. Advance health care directives and HIPAA authorizations ensure your medical decisions and privacy choices are respected. Together these instruments provide practical arrangements that reduce uncertainty and can protect beneficiaries from unnecessary legal obstacles.
The process of creating an estate plan involves identifying assets, naming trustees and beneficiaries, and setting directives for incapacity. Trusts such as irrevocable life insurance trusts and special needs trusts address specific planning needs, while documents like a certification of trust and general assignment of assets to trust help implement and prove trust ownership. For retirement accounts, a retirement plan trust may be used to achieve certain tax and distribution objectives. The planning process is flexible and can be updated through trust modification petitions or pour-over wills as life circumstances evolve.
Estate planning means creating a coordinated set of legal instructions that manage your affairs during your life and direct what happens to your property afterwards. It includes appointing people to make financial and medical decisions if you are unable, establishing how assets will be distributed, and taking steps to minimize delays and administrative costs. Practical planning also considers guardianship nominations for minor children or dependents, provisions for pets, and trusts designed to provide ongoing care or tax efficiency. A solid plan provides clarity for family members and reduces the burden of decision-making during stressful times.
Key elements of an estate plan include written instruments like revocable living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and trust certifications. The process typically begins with an inventory of assets and a discussion of objectives, followed by drafting documents that reflect chosen trustees, agents, and beneficiaries. Once signed and executed according to California law, documents should be reviewed periodically and updated for life events such as marriage, divorce, birth, or changes in financial circumstances. Implementation steps often include funding trusts, transferring titles, and preparing supporting paperwork like HIPAA authorizations and general assignments of assets.
Understanding common estate planning terms helps clients make informed choices. This glossary covers essential concepts such as revocable and irrevocable trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, certification of trust, and Heggstad petitions. Each term reflects a particular legal function—some focus on avoiding probate, while others address incapacity or specialized needs such as providing for a family member with disabilities. Knowing these definitions clarifies how different documents interact and the practical outcomes you can expect when implementing a plan in California.
A revocable living trust is a flexible estate planning tool that holds assets during a person’s lifetime and directs their distribution upon death. Because the trust can be amended or revoked while the grantor is alive, it provides control and adaptability as circumstances change. Funding the trust by transferring asset titles into it can help avoid probate for those assets and maintain privacy. Trustees manage trust property according to the trust terms, and a certification of trust may be used to prove the trust’s existence without disclosing private details to third parties.
A financial power of attorney designates an agent to manage financial affairs if you become unable to do so. The document can be durable to remain effective through incapacity and tailored to grant broad or limited authority, such as handling banking transactions, paying bills, or managing investments. Choosing a trusted agent and specifying clear instructions helps prevent disputes and ensures that bills, taxes, and other obligations are handled promptly. This instrument complements other planning documents by addressing day-to-day financial management needs.
A last will and testament expresses your final wishes for distribution of assets not placed in a trust and appoints a personal representative to carry out those wishes. Wills can also include pour-over provisions that funnel remaining property into a trust after death. For families with minor children, a will typically nominates guardians and provides instructions for the children’s care. Because wills generally go through probate, they are often used in combination with trust planning to balance public oversight and private asset management.
An advance health care directive sets out your medical decision preferences and appoints a health care agent to make choices if you are unable to communicate. A HIPAA authorization allows appointed individuals to access medical records and speak with health care providers. Together these documents ensure your health care preferences are known and actionable, that communication between providers and family members is permitted, and that decisions align with your values regarding treatment and end-of-life care.
When considering estate planning, people often choose between a limited approach, focused on a few core documents, and a comprehensive plan that addresses a wider array of issues. A limited approach might include a simple will, a power of attorney, and a health care directive, which can be appropriate for smaller estates or those with straightforward circumstances. A comprehensive plan commonly integrates a revocable trust, funding strategies, bespoke trust structures like special needs trusts, and documentation to manage retirement assets and life insurance, offering broader coordination and long-term stability for complex family or financial situations.
A limited estate plan can be suitable when an individual has a straightforward asset portfolio and clear beneficiary designations, such as bank accounts with payable-on-death designations and retirement accounts with named beneficiaries. In these circumstances, a simple will combined with a durable financial power of attorney and an advance health care directive may provide adequate protection and direction. The focused plan reduces complexity and can be implemented quickly, while still supplying essential authority for agents to manage finances and medical decisions in the event of incapacity.
A limited approach may be appropriate when avoiding probate is not a primary concern or when the estate’s size and composition do not justify the expense of trust administration. If assets are already designated to transfer outside probate or the cost of a trust would outweigh potential benefits, maintaining a simpler plan can be practical. However, it is important to revisit such decisions if circumstances change, such as acquiring real property, forming a business interest, or adding dependents with special needs.
A comprehensive estate plan is often needed for those with real estate, business interests, or retirement accounts that require coordination to minimize delays and maintain privacy. Using instruments like revocable living trusts and retirement plan trusts helps centralize control and streamline transfers to beneficiaries while reducing the likelihood of court involvement after death. For families that value discretion, trusts can prevent public probate proceedings and provide a clear mechanism for trustees to administer assets according to your preferences.
Comprehensive planning becomes important when family members have ongoing care needs, when there is a desire to preserve public benefits for a loved one, or when complex tax or legacy objectives exist. Trusts such as special needs trusts and irrevocable life insurance trusts can accomplish specific goals, while guardianship nominations and Heggstad petitions address legal and practical steps that may arise. This level of planning also anticipates potential incapacity and arranges for durable oversight of finances and health care decisions over time.
A comprehensive approach aligns multiple documents and strategies so they work together efficiently, offering predictable results and reducing family conflict. It typically lowers the administrative burden after death by limiting assets subject to probate and provides ongoing management for beneficiaries who need assistance. The comprehensive plan can include tailored trusts, beneficiary planning for retirement accounts, and provisions for tax or long-term care considerations. By addressing both incapacity and post-death distribution, this method gives families a unified framework that can adapt with amendments as life changes occur.
Coordination also protects privacy and speeds the transfer of property by placing assets in trust and using supporting documents like certifications of trust and pour-over wills. In complex family situations, trusts can define conditions for distributions and provide professional or family oversight. Comprehensive planning can reduce the potential for disputes by documenting clear intentions and naming successors for trustees and agents. This level of organization supports continuity for businesses, care arrangements for dependents, and long-term stewardship of assets across multiple generations.
A comprehensive plan gives you tools to control timing and conditions for distributions, helping to protect inheritances from unintended use or creditor claims. Trust provisions can stagger distributions, appoint spendthrift protections, and define trustee powers to manage investments and cash flow. For families with beneficiaries who are young or who have special needs, these mechanisms create a predictable, managed approach that balances immediate needs with long-term financial security. Such planning provides a clear roadmap so trustees and family members understand the intent behind each decision.
Using trusts and related documents can significantly reduce probate-related paperwork, court fees, and public exposure of your estate’s details. Trust administration often proceeds more quickly than probate, allowing beneficiaries to access resources sooner and with less formal court oversight. A well-structured set of documents also makes it easier for appointed agents to act promptly in situations of incapacity, reducing delay and confusion for loved ones. In short, coordinated planning streamlines post-death transitions and helps maintain family privacy during sensitive times.
Begin your planning by compiling a comprehensive list of assets, titles, beneficiary designations, and account details. Include real estate, retirement accounts, life insurance policies, business interests, and digital assets. This inventory makes it easier to determine which assets should be transferred into a trust, which require beneficiary updates, and which may be handled outside probate. A complete and current inventory also speeds the implementation process and reduces the chance that important items are overlooked at the time of incapacity or death, giving family members a reliable roadmap to follow.
Include durable financial powers of attorney and advance health care directives in your plan to address the possibility of incapacity. These documents allow chosen individuals to manage finances, access accounts, and make medical decisions if you cannot act for yourself. Without them, family members may face court proceedings to obtain authority, which can be time-consuming and stressful. Selecting trustworthy agents and providing clear guidance in these documents ensures that financial obligations are met and health care preferences are respected, offering continuity and protection for you and your family.
Estate planning is important for anyone who wants to have a say in how assets are managed and distributed, wishes to protect minor children or dependents, or seeks to reduce the administrative burden on loved ones. A tailored plan addresses incapacity, clarifies beneficiary arrangements, and can preserve eligibility for public benefits where needed. For homeowners in Foothill Ranch and those with retirement accounts, trusts and supporting documents provide continuity and privacy. Taking steps now can also reduce the risk of family disputes and make it easier for designated agents to fulfill important responsibilities when necessary.
People also pursue estate planning to provide for special circumstances such as long-term care, life insurance management, or ongoing support for a family member with disabilities. Documents like irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, and special needs trusts help achieve targeted financial goals and maintain benefit eligibility. Additionally, planning allows business owners to provide for succession and can include provisions for pet care and guardianship nominations. Overall, estate planning transforms intentions into actionable steps that protect both people and property into the future.
Typical circumstances that lead people to create or update an estate plan include marriage, divorce, the birth of a child, acquiring real estate or a business, retirement, and changes in health. Other triggers include moving assets into a trust, updating beneficiary designations, or addressing the needs of a family member who requires ongoing care. Life events often change priorities and legal needs, making it important to reassess plans periodically. Regular reviews ensure that documents remain aligned with current family structure and financial realities.
Major family changes such as marriage, divorce, or the arrival of children typically prompt a review of estate planning documents. These events often change priorities for guardianship nominations, beneficiary designations, and the distribution of assets. A plan that reflected a previous family structure may no longer represent current wishes, so updating wills, trusts, and powers of attorney is important to ensure accurate representation of intent. Timely revisions help prevent unintended consequences and ensure that decision-makers are those you currently trust.
Acquiring real estate, investments, or a business interest often requires adjustments to an estate plan to incorporate new assets and succession plans. Transferring property into a trust, naming successor managers, and addressing potential tax or creditor concerns are typical steps. Estate planning for business owners may include specific trusts or agreements to preserve business continuity and provide for transfer to family or managers. Incorporating these changes into formal documents helps protect assets and reduces the chance of disruptive court proceedings later.
Changes in health, including diagnoses that affect decision-making capacity or the need for long-term care planning, often make estate planning more urgent. Documents like durable powers of attorney and advance health care directives ensure there is an authorized person to manage finances and healthcare choices. In many cases, families also consider trust-based planning to protect assets from being depleted by long-term care costs or to preserve benefits for a dependent with disabilities. Addressing these issues proactively can offer greater stability and clarity during stressful times.
We provide estate planning services tailored to the needs of Foothill Ranch residents, combining practical legal drafting with straightforward explanations. Whether you need a revocable living trust, last will and testament, financial power of attorney, or an advance health care directive, we help you assemble documents that reflect your priorities. We also assist with trust administration, trust modification petitions, Heggstad petitions, and specialized trusts such as special needs trusts, pet trusts, and irrevocable life insurance trusts. Our goal is to make estate planning accessible and manageable for you and your family.
Choosing legal support for estate planning means selecting a firm that listens and translates your intentions into clear, enforceable documents. Our practice focuses on client communication, careful drafting, and practical implementation, helping clients avoid unnecessary delays and confusion. We provide guidance on funding trusts, updating beneficiary designations, and preparing supporting paperwork like HIPAA authorizations and certifications of trust. By focusing on clarity and reliability, we aim to make the process less stressful and more efficient for families in Foothill Ranch and across Orange County.
We assist clients with a broad range of estate planning needs, from simple wills and advance directives to complex trust arrangements, including retirement plan trusts and special needs planning. Our services also cover trust administration tasks and petitions to modify trusts when life circumstances change. We communicate options in plain language and provide step-by-step assistance to implement your plan, including transferring assets into trusts and ensuring documents are executed properly under California law. This approach helps clients achieve predictable results and maintain continuity for their families.
In addition to document preparation, we support clients through the practical aspects of estate planning such as coordination with financial institutions, title transfers, and beneficiary updates. We make sure that supporting documents like general assignments of assets to trust and HIPAA authorizations are in place so agents and trustees can act when needed. For those with unique goals, we explain trust options like irrevocable life insurance trusts and pet trusts, and help draft provisions that reflect long-term intentions. Our focus is on comprehensive planning that meets your family’s priorities.
The estate planning process at our firm begins with a focused conversation to identify goals, family dynamics, and asset types. We review current documents, assess beneficiary designations, and recommend the appropriate combination of trusts, wills, and directives. After drafting, we explain each document and assist with proper execution and funding of trusts. Follow-up steps include providing a certified copy of trust documents, advising on title changes, and offering guidance for future updates. Clients receive practical instructions and a clear plan for implementation and ongoing review.
The first step involves gathering detailed information about assets, family relationships, and planning objectives so that documents reflect your preferences. We discuss who you trust to serve as agents and trustees, how you want assets distributed, and any special concerns such as providing for a dependent with disabilities or protecting business interests. This stage ensures that the plan’s structure addresses probate avoidance, incapacity planning, and long-term distribution goals, and identifies any complex items requiring additional attention, such as retirement accounts or life insurance policies.
During the inventory phase we document real estate, banking and investment accounts, insurance policies, retirement plans, and business interests. We also review beneficiary designations to ensure they align with your broader plan. This review prevents conflicts between account forms and estate documents and clarifies which assets should be moved into a trust. A complete and current inventory helps determine whether additional instruments, such as retirement plan trusts or irrevocable life insurance trusts, are appropriate for achieving specific financial or family objectives.
We talk through family relationships and potential decision makers to select agents and trustees who can carry out your intentions effectively. This conversation covers succession preferences, guardian nominations for minor children, and who should be authorized under powers of attorney and health care directives. Understanding these dynamics helps tailor document language to minimize disputes and ensure that appointed individuals are acceptable and capable of fulfilling their roles, which provides confidence that your plan will operate smoothly when needed.
After goals are established, we draft the necessary documents including trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and advance health care directives. Each document is written to align with your objectives and California legal requirements. We walk you through the drafts, explain the practical effects of key provisions, and incorporate any revisions. This collaborative review ensures the final documents reflect your intentions and account for contingencies such as successor appointments and contingent beneficiaries.
We prepare revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, and supporting documents like certifications of trust and general assignment forms to place assets into trust. Trusts are drafted to suit family needs, including provisions for ongoing management and distribution. For certain purposes, we draft irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, and special needs trusts. Supporting documents such as HIPAA authorizations and guardianship nominations are also prepared so that the complete plan functions together when called upon.
Once drafts are complete, we review them carefully with you to explain the legal effects and answer questions. Revisions are made to reflect your preferences and to ensure that all contingencies are addressed. After client approval, we coordinate the signing and notarization required under California law and provide instructions for funding trusts and distributing copies to key people. This stage secures the documents’ legal effectiveness and prepares your named agents and trustees to act on your behalf if necessary.
The final step focuses on executing documents correctly, transferring assets into trusts where appropriate, and ensuring that beneficiary designations are updated. We guide clients through re-titling property, notifying institutions, and preparing certification of trust copies for financial institutions. Ongoing maintenance includes periodic reviews and amendments as life circumstances change, such as births, deaths, marriages, or significant asset changes. Proper execution and maintenance preserve the intended benefits of the plan and keep it aligned with your evolving goals.
Funding a trust involves transferring ownership of assets into the trust name, updating titles on real estate and accounts, and coordinating with financial institutions. We provide step-by-step assistance and sample forms to facilitate these transfers and help ensure that accounts and deeds reflect the trust’s ownership. We also prepare certifications of trust to present to banks and other entities, making it simpler for trustees to manage assets without disclosing private trust details. Proper funding is essential to achieving probate avoidance and operational effectiveness.
After implementation, periodic reviews help confirm the plan still reflects your wishes and that new assets or life events are addressed. When circumstances require changes, trust modification petitions or amendments can update terms without creating a new document. Regular check-ins are also useful to ensure beneficiary designations and account titles remain coordinated with the trust. Proactive maintenance helps prevent unexpected outcomes and keeps the plan effective for current family and financial realities.
A revocable living trust and a will serve different but complementary roles in estate planning. A revocable living trust holds assets during your lifetime and allows those assets to pass to beneficiaries without court-supervised probate, which can save time and maintain privacy. The trust can be amended or revoked while you are alive, giving flexibility to change beneficiaries, trustees, or other provisions as circumstances change. A will primarily addresses assets that are not transferred into a trust and can also be used to nominate guardians for minor children. A will becomes a public document when it is probated, whereas a properly funded trust often avoids that process. Many people use a pour-over will in combination with a trust to capture assets inadvertently left out of the trust and funnel them into the trust after probate. For most individuals with real estate or multiple accounts, coordinating a trust with a pour-over will provides a practical balance between privacy and comprehensive asset management, simplifying administration for beneficiaries.
Choosing a trustee or agent is a matter of trustworthiness, availability, and judgment. Consider someone who is organized, comfortable handling financial matters or medical decisions, and willing to act when called upon. Family members are often chosen, but professional fiduciaries or trusted advisors can be appropriate when the responsibilities are complex or when impartial administration is desired. It is also important to name successor trustees or agents so continuity is maintained if the primary person is unable to serve. Discuss the role with any person you plan to appoint to ensure they are willing and prepared to handle the duties. Provide clear written guidance within your documents about your expectations, and consider naming co-trustees or backup agents to distribute responsibilities. Regular communication and providing copies of key documents to appointed individuals can reduce uncertainty and make transitions smoother when the time comes for them to act.
Yes, estate plans can and should be updated when significant life events occur or when laws change. A revocable living trust is typically easy to amend or restate, and wills can be revised through codicils or new documents. Events that commonly prompt updates include marriage, divorce, births, deaths, changes in assets, moving between states, or changes in beneficiary relationships. Regular reviews every few years ensure that designations and document provisions remain aligned with current intentions. When updates are needed, it is important to follow formal execution requirements under California law to ensure changes are valid. Trust modification petitions may be used when court approval is necessary for certain changes. Periodic reviews also allow for administrative updates such as retitling accounts, updating beneficiary forms, and refreshing powers of attorney and health care directives so they are ready if needed.
Without a power of attorney or advance health care directive, your family may need to seek court intervention to obtain authority to manage your finances or make medical decisions on your behalf. This process can be time-consuming, costly, and stressful, and it may delay decisions regarding care or bill payments. A durable financial power of attorney and an advance health care directive prevent these obstacles by naming trusted individuals to act in your stead and providing clear instructions that guide their decisions. Advance directives also allow you to express preferences for medical treatment and appoint a health care agent who can communicate with providers and make decisions in alignment with your wishes. HIPAA authorizations complement these documents by permitting access to medical records. Together, these instruments ensure continuity of care and financial management without court involvement, making transitions smoother for families during difficult times.
A special needs trust is designed to provide financial support for a person with disabilities while preserving eligibility for public benefits such as Medi-Cal or Supplemental Security Income. By holding assets in a properly drafted trust and directing funds for supplemental needs, the beneficiary can receive added comforts and services without the assets being counted toward means-tested benefit thresholds. Trustees administer distributions for expenses that enhance quality of life but are not covered by government programs. Drafting and funding a special needs trust requires careful attention to language and the source of funds so that it aligns with benefit rules. The trust should be crafted to avoid direct distributions that could affect public benefit eligibility, and trustees should have guidance on permissible uses for trust funds. Regular review ensures the trust continues to meet both legal standards and the beneficiary’s changing needs over time.
An irrevocable life insurance trust can be considered when the goal is to remove a life insurance policy’s death benefit from your taxable estate or to control how proceeds are used for beneficiaries. By placing a life insurance policy in an irrevocable trust, the proceeds may be payable to the trust and managed according to trust terms, which can protect proceeds from estate taxes and provide structured distributions. This option is frequently used in comprehensive plans where tax considerations and legacy planning are priorities. Because these trusts are irrevocable, they require a permanent relinquishment of certain ownership powers and must be implemented thoughtfully. The timing of transfers and coordination with existing policy ownership are important to achieve intended tax and distribution outcomes. Discussing these matters early and reviewing policy ownership and beneficiary designations helps determine whether an irrevocable life insurance trust aligns with long-term objectives.
Retirement accounts such as IRAs and 401(k)s typically pass according to the beneficiary designations on file with the plan administrator, so it is important to coordinate those forms with your overall estate plan. In some situations, naming a trust as the beneficiary can provide protection and management for distributions to beneficiaries, such as minor children or those who need oversight. Specialized arrangements like a retirement plan trust can help manage required minimum distributions and control the timing and character of payouts. If a trust is named as a retirement account beneficiary, careful drafting is necessary to preserve tax advantages and to comply with plan rules. Directly naming individual beneficiaries is often simpler, but for complex family situations the use of a trust can provide additional control. Regular review of beneficiary forms and the interplay between account rules and trust provisions keeps retirement planning aligned with estate objectives.
A pour-over will is used alongside a revocable living trust to capture any assets that were not transferred into the trust during the grantor’s lifetime and direct them into the trust upon death. It acts as a safety net to ensure that property not formally retitled or accounted for is still distributed according to the trust’s terms. Although assets passing through a pour-over will typically go through probate, the will simplifies distribution by funneling assets into the existing trust structure for administration. Using a pour-over will and a funded trust together provides both the privacy and probate-avoidance benefits of trusts for most assets, while ensuring that oversights do not defeat your overall plan. This combination allows you to maintain control through the trust while having a backup mechanism that aligns any remaining property with your intended distribution and management provisions.
To ensure pets are cared for, include specific provisions in your estate plan that designate a caregiver and provide a funding mechanism for ongoing care. A pet trust can hold funds and direct distributions for veterinary care, food, grooming, and other needs, and can name a trustee to oversee expenditures. Alternatively, you can leave property to a trusted individual with clear instructions and suggested funding, but a formal pet trust adds a layer of legal structure to ensure funds are used as intended for the pet’s benefit. When naming caregivers or trustees for a pet, consider contingency plans and communicate arrangements in advance so the chosen person is prepared to assume responsibility. Including details about the pet’s routine, medical history, and preferences in your plan makes transitions smoother and helps the caregiver maintain consistent care. Periodic reviews of the plan and funding levels keep the pet’s care secure over time.
To prepare documents for incapacity, execute durable financial powers of attorney and advance health care directives that clearly designate agents and provide instructions for financial and medical decisions. Include HIPAA authorizations to permit access to medical information, and store copies of all documents where agents can access them when needed. Inform your chosen agents about their roles and provide them with a summary of key accounts, professional contacts, and instructions for urgent actions to reduce delays when they must act on your behalf. Additionally, ensure that critical documents such as trust certificates and account authorizations are available to institutions that may need them. Consider preparing a concise memorandum with account numbers, insurance policies, and attorney contact information to accompany the formal documents. Regular updates and open communication with designated agents help ensure they are ready to carry out responsibilities efficiently should incapacity occur.
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