A trust modification petition can be necessary when changing circumstances or new information make the original terms of a trust no longer appropriate. In Westminster and across Orange County, residents often seek adjustments to ensure their trust continues to reflect their goals for asset management and distribution. This page explains why a trust modification petition may be appropriate, what to expect from the process, and how the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman can help you pursue a timely, clear resolution. We provide practical, client-focused guidance tailored to California law and local court procedures so you can move forward with confidence and clarity.
Many families find that life events such as remarriage, birth of a child, changes in financial circumstances, or concerns about a trustee’s decisions lead them to consider modifying a trust. A petition to modify a trust asks the court to approve changes when parties cannot resolve matters through agreement alone. This overview covers common reasons for modifications, the typical steps in filing a petition in Orange County, and how to prepare documentation and evidence. Our goal is to make the process understandable and manageable, helping clients pursue outcomes that protect loved ones and preserve estate planning objectives under California law.
Filing a trust modification petition can preserve the original intent of a settlor while adapting to real-world changes that affect beneficiaries and trustees. The process helps clarify ambiguous provisions, correct drafting errors, address changed circumstances, and resolve disputes about trustee actions or beneficiary rights. A court-approved modification ensures that changes are legally enforceable and reduces the risk of future litigation. For families in Westminster, a well-handled petition can bring stability to estate administration, protect assets for intended recipients, and align the trust document with current wishes and practical necessities in a way that is consistent with California trust law.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman focuses on estate planning services including trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and trust modification petitions for clients throughout California. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, careful document review, and practical legal strategy tailored to each family’s needs. When pursuing a trust modification petition, we work to identify the most appropriate grounds for modification, gather necessary evidence, and present a persuasive case to the court while seeking to minimize delay and expense. Clients benefit from personalized representation that prioritizes preserving assets and family relationships while navigating relevant statutes and local court procedures.
A trust modification petition is a formal request to the probate or superior court to change the terms of an existing trust when circumstances warrant judicial intervention. Under California law, petitions may address issues such as ambiguity in trust language, unforeseen changes in the settlor’s intent, impossibility of administration, or the need to correct mistakes. The court evaluates the petition based on evidence, relevant statutes, and any objections by interested parties. Preparing a petition requires careful document review, factual support for the requested changes, and adherence to procedural requirements to ensure the court can rule on the matter effectively.
Not all trust modifications require court approval; many adjustments can be made privately if all interested parties agree and the trust instrument allows amendment. However, when parties disagree or legal barriers prevent private amendment, a petition is the mechanism to obtain judicial direction. The process typically includes filing a petition, providing notice to beneficiaries and trustees, gathering supporting affidavits and documentation, and attending any required hearings. Understanding the distinctions between private amendments, trustee actions, and formal petitions helps clients choose the most efficient path to achieve their estate planning goals while ensuring legal validity.
A trust modification petition asks the court to authorize changes to a trust’s terms, construction, or administration that cannot be resolved informally. Examples include requests to correct drafting errors, modify provisions that have become impractical, clarify ambiguous language, or approve a change approved by some but disputed by others. The petition outlines the reasons for the proposed change, presents supporting evidence, and identifies interested parties. The court’s approval results in an enforceable order that revises the trust document or approves a plan for administration that complies with the settlor’s intent as interpreted in light of current facts and applicable legal standards.
Successful petitions typically include a clear statement of the requested modification, documentary evidence such as the trust instrument and related estate planning documents, witness declarations explaining changed circumstances, and legal argument showing why the court should grant relief. Procedural elements include proper notice to beneficiaries and trustees, compliance with statutory requirements, and preparation for potential objections or hearings. Attention to evidentiary detail and timeliness helps streamline the court’s review and reduces the chance of contested litigation. A practical, well-documented petition supports a favorable and enforceable outcome for all involved parties.
Understanding key terms used in trust modification matters helps clients follow the legal process and make informed decisions. Definitions cover elements such as settlor, trustee, beneficiary, modification versus reformation, incontestability clauses, and court jurisdiction. Familiarity with these concepts clarifies the roles of parties involved and the legal standards courts apply when evaluating petitions. This glossary provides plain-language explanations aimed at demystifying common phrases and helping clients prepare the documentation and testimony needed to support a petition under California law.
The settlor, also known as the grantor, is the person who created the trust and established its terms. The settlor’s intentions at the time of creation are a primary consideration in trust modification and reformation matters. Courts examine whether a proposed change aligns with or clarifies the settlor’s original purpose, often relying on evidence such as the trust document, related estate planning materials, and statements that reflect the settlor’s intent. Understanding the settlor’s role helps explain why particular modifications may be appropriate and what standards a court will use to evaluate a petition.
Reformation refers to a court-ordered correction of a trust’s terms when a written instrument fails to reflect the settlor’s actual intent due to mistake, ambiguity, or drafting error. Reformation petitions require proof that the written document does not match what the settlor intended, which may involve contemporaneous evidence or credible testimony. Courts may reform a trust to conform to the settlor’s true intent when the legal standard is met. This process differs from simple amendment, which typically requires agreement or authority under the trust terms.
A trustee is charged with managing trust assets according to the trust instrument and applicable law, acting in the best interests of beneficiaries, and providing accountings and notices as required. When a trustee’s actions are questioned, a modification petition may seek court direction on proper administration or removal and replacement of a trustee. Understanding trustee duties clarifies what judicial relief may be sought and the types of evidence that support requests to modify administrative provisions or to direct specific trustee actions in the administration of the trust.
Beneficiaries hold equitable interests in trust assets according to the trust terms, and they are entitled to notice and, in many cases, an opportunity to object to petitions that affect their interests. Courts consider beneficiaries’ rights when evaluating modification requests to ensure changes do not unfairly prejudice interested parties. The court may weigh the settlor’s intent against potential harm to beneficiaries and make orders that balance those considerations, including approving modifications that clarify distributions, change administrative provisions, or resolve disputes over trustee conduct.
When facing trust-related issues, individuals may consider private amendments, trustee-authorized changes, or formal court petitions. Private amendments can be efficient when all interested parties agree and the trust instrument permits amendment, but they require unanimous cooperation and clear documentation. Trustee actions can address administrative needs where authority is granted by the trust, yet disputes about those actions can make judicial intervention necessary. A court petition is appropriate when disagreements persist or when statutory authority is required to resolve ambiguities, correct mistakes, or alter administration in a manner that protects intended beneficiaries and complies with California law.
A limited, nonjudicial approach can succeed when all beneficiaries, trustees, and other interested parties agree to a proposed amendment and the trust instrument allows for such changes. In these situations, parties can draft written amendments and update supporting documents without involving the court, saving time and cost. Clear, signed documentation and updated accountings help demonstrate consensus and prevent future disputes. This approach is practical when the requested change is straightforward, fully supported by the interested parties, and consistent with the settlor’s documented wishes.
Some trusts include provisions that permit the trustee or other designated persons to make specified adjustments or interpretations without court involvement. When the trust instrument grants explicit authority for modification or administrative flexibility, parties may rely on those provisions to implement necessary changes. Even when internal authority exists, careful documentation of decisions and proper notice to beneficiaries are essential to reduce the potential for later challenges. Relying on the trust’s built-in mechanisms can be effective for routine or technical changes that do not alter the overall distribution plan.
When beneficiaries or trustees disagree about the meaning of trust provisions, or when evidence shows the written document does not match the settlor’s intent, a court petition may be the only reliable way to resolve the dispute. Formal judicial proceedings provide binding rulings on interpretation and administration, offering clarity and finality. Filing a petition allows parties to present evidence and legal argument so the court can make an enforceable decision that protects fiduciary responsibilities and beneficiary rights under California law. This approach is appropriate when private negotiation cannot produce a fair resolution.
Certain types of trust changes require judicial authorization by statute or case law, particularly when they affect rights of absent or contested beneficiaries or when a settlor’s incapacity prevents voluntary amendment. The court can provide necessary orders for reformation, modification, trustee removal, or resolution of competing claims. Comprehensive legal representation helps prepare persuasive petitions, evidence, and procedural compliance to navigate local court rules, service requirements, and potential objections, reducing the risk of dismissal or delay and increasing the chance of an enforceable resolution.
A comprehensive approach ensures that changes to a trust are thoroughly documented, legally effective, and less vulnerable to future challenges. Court-approved modifications offer certainty and enforceability, help prevent conflicting interpretations, and protect the interests of beneficiaries who might otherwise lack a clear remedy. This approach often includes careful review of related estate planning instruments, coordination with financial institutions, and timely notice to all interested parties. The result is a more stable plan for asset distribution and administration that reflects the settlor’s intent while complying with California legal standards.
Taking a comprehensive path can also limit long-term administrative burdens by clarifying trustee powers, updating outdated provisions, and resolving potential conflicts before they escalate. A court order that resolves ambiguity or authorizes corrective measures can reduce ongoing litigation risk and provide a roadmap for trustees carrying out their duties. For families in Westminster, this means greater predictability during probate or trust administration, reduced stress for beneficiaries, and a transparent record of decisions that supports orderly management and distribution of assets.
One key advantage of a court-approved modification is the legal certainty it provides. When a judge issues an order modifying or clarifying a trust, that order carries the force of law and reduces the likelihood of future disputes over the same issues. This certainty is especially important for trustees who must act without fear of later liability and for beneficiaries seeking assurance about their interests. By documenting the reasons for change and following judicial procedures, parties obtain a durable resolution that aligns with California trust law and the settlor’s documented intent.
A formal modification process can be vital when beneficiaries include minors, individuals with special needs, or others who may be disadvantaged by unclear trust terms. Court involvement ensures appropriate safeguards are considered and that fiduciary duties are enforced. Additionally, resolving ambiguities or correcting mistakes through the judiciary protects assets from mismanagement and preserves the settlor’s intended distribution plan. This structured approach promotes stewardship of trust property and helps families maintain financial stability across generations.
Start by compiling the original trust document, amendments, related estate planning instruments such as wills and powers of attorney, and any correspondence that sheds light on the settlor’s intent. Collecting bank statements, accountings, and records of trustee actions can help demonstrate the factual basis for a requested modification. Clear organization of these documents makes it easier to draft a persuasive petition and respond to inquiries from the court or other interested parties. Early preparation reduces delays and helps ensure that all necessary evidence is available when filing.
When contemplating modifications, think ahead about how changes will affect future administration, tax consequences, and beneficiary relationships. A narrowly tailored petition that addresses immediate problems while preserving the settlor’s long-term vision often succeeds where broader, more disruptive requests encounter resistance. Consider whether alternative measures such as trustee instructions, accountings, or less intrusive amendments can achieve the same result. Thoughtful planning reduces the likelihood of subsequent disputes and helps ensure that modifications are sustainable over time.
Consider a petition when the trust’s terms no longer reflect the settlor’s intent, when drafting errors create ambiguity, or when unique circumstances make administration impractical. Other reasons include disputes over trustee conduct, the need to remove or replace a trustee, or to seek court approval for changes that affect nonconsenting beneficiaries. A petition is also appropriate when state law or court precedent requires judicial action to protect the rights of absent or vulnerable beneficiaries. Understanding these triggers helps families determine whether a judicial path is necessary to achieve a fair and enforceable outcome.
Another common reason to pursue a petition is when the settlor’s financial or personal situation has changed significantly since the trust’s creation, making original provisions outdated or burdensome. Life events such as divorce, remarriage, births, deaths, or business developments can prompt reconsideration of distribution plans or administrative instructions. Where private amendment is not feasible, or where corrective action is required to align the written document with the settlor’s likely intent, a court-ordered modification can provide a durable solution that protects beneficiaries and clarifies trustee responsibilities under California law.
Typical circumstances include conflicts among beneficiaries, errors in drafting that produce unintended gaps or conflicts, changes in family structure, or trustee actions that beneficiaries contest. Financial hardships, changes in tax law, or the discovery of previously unknown assets may also prompt petitions. Additionally, petitions can be necessary when administrative provisions hamper effective management of trust assets or when a settlor’s incapacity prevents direct amendment. Identifying the precise circumstances that give rise to a petition helps shape the legal strategy and supporting documentation needed for court review.
Drafting mistakes and ambiguous language are frequent drivers of trust modification petitions. Even minor typographical errors or unclear phrases can lead to conflicting interpretations that hinder administration and create friction among beneficiaries. When documentary evidence shows the settlor’s intent differed from the written terms, a reformation petition may be appropriate to correct the record. Courts can issue orders that align the trust instrument with the settlor’s probable intention based on the totality of the evidence, improving clarity for trustees and beneficiaries and facilitating smoother trust administration.
Significant life changes like remarriage, the birth of children or grandchildren, divorce, or a major shift in financial circumstances can make original trust provisions impractical or inequitable. These developments sometimes require revisions to distribution schemes, trust terms regarding succession, or administrative directions to trustees. When parties cannot reach agreement on necessary adjustments, a petition to modify the trust can help the court authorize changes that reflect current realities while honoring the settlor’s overarching goals, thereby protecting beneficiaries and ensuring effective stewardship of assets.
Disputes over trustee actions, alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, or controversies about the interpretation of trustee powers often lead to petitions for judicial guidance. Interested parties may seek orders directing trustee conduct, approving accountings, or removing a trustee when misconduct or incapacity is alleged. A petition provides an avenue for the court to resolve contested issues, appoint successor trustees if necessary, and set clear expectations for future administration. Judicial involvement offers a formal mechanism to address governance problems and restore proper trust management.
Serving Westminster and surrounding Orange County communities, the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assists clients with petitions to modify or reform trusts and related estate planning matters. We provide guidance on whether a nonjudicial amendment is feasible or whether a court petition is needed, and we help compile evidence, prepare filings, and present a clear case to the court. Our practice emphasizes thoughtful planning, careful documentation, and timely communication with interested parties to pursue an outcome that protects beneficiaries and aligns with the settlor’s intentions under California law.
Clients turn to our firm for practical, thorough representation in trust modification matters that often require careful navigation of probate procedures and statutory standards. We focus on presenting persuasive petitions grounded in well-documented facts and applicable law, while working to keep the process as streamlined as possible. Our approach includes evaluating alternatives to litigation, communicating with interested parties, and preparing the documentation and evidence courts expect. This attention to detail helps reduce uncertainty and supports resolutions that protect the settlor’s goals and beneficiaries’ interests.
We prioritize clear client communication and a step-by-step explanation of options, timelines, and potential outcomes so families can make informed decisions throughout the petition process. From initial document review through court appearances and final orders, we aim to minimize stress and delay while advocating for practical solutions. Our office assists with related estate planning updates after a modification to ensure consistency across trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives, creating a cohesive plan that reflects current circumstances and legal requirements.
Our firm serves clients across Orange County with a commitment to respectful representation and careful handling of sensitive family matters. We understand that trust modifications often involve personal and emotional issues, and we work to resolve disputes with professionalism and discretion. Whether the matter is straightforward or contested, we help clients anticipate procedural steps, prepare necessary evidence, and pursue an outcome that secures the integrity of the estate plan for future administration and distribution.
Our process begins with a thorough review of the trust documents, related estate planning instruments, and any records of trustee actions. We evaluate whether a nonjudicial amendment is possible and, if not, outline the petition strategy tailored to the facts. We prepare and file the petition, ensure proper notice is given to interested parties, gather supporting affidavits, and represent clients at hearings. Throughout the process, we explain procedural timelines and advise on likely outcomes, working to achieve a durable resolution that aligns with the settlor’s intent and complies with California court requirements.
The first step is an in-depth document review and factual assessment to determine the appropriate legal path. We examine the trust instrument, amendments, wills, powers of attorney, accountings, and any correspondence or contemporaneous notes that illuminate the settlor’s intent. This review identifies whether a private amendment is feasible or whether a petition is necessary, outlines relevant legal issues, and determines the evidence needed to support a court filing. A thoughtful assessment at this stage sets the foundation for an effective petition and strategy.
Collecting all relevant documents and witness statements is essential to support a petition to modify or reform a trust. This may include copies of the trust and amendments, financial records, communications showing intent, and affidavits from individuals with firsthand knowledge. Organized, well-prepared evidence helps the court understand the reasons for change and the factual basis for the requested relief. Clear, credible documentation increases the likelihood of a favorable ruling and reduces the chance of protracted disputes over missing or conflicting information.
Before filing a petition, we assess whether the trust terms allow a private amendment or whether trustee authority can address the issue without court involvement. If a petition is required, we identify the interested parties entitled to notice and prepare those notices to comply with statutory requirements. Early outreach can sometimes lead to agreements that avoid litigation. Even when notice leads to objections, following proper procedures protects the petition’s validity and ensures the court can proceed with authority to resolve the matter.
Once the factual and legal basis for modification is established, we draft the petition, gathering supporting declarations and exhibits that document the need for change. The petition sets forth the requested relief, the legal grounds for modification or reformation, and a clear narrative backed by evidence. We file the petition with the appropriate Orange County court, serve all interested parties, and monitor any responses or objections. Careful drafting and timely filing help advance the matter efficiently through the court system toward a hearing or negotiated resolution.
Drafting a petition requires precise legal assertions and a coherent presentation of facts that meet the court’s standards. We prepare declarations that explain the circumstances, attach relevant documentary evidence, and cite legal authority to support the requested relief. Attention to procedural details such as captioning, service, and exhibit organization helps prevent technical challenges. Clear, persuasive filings improve the court’s ability to understand the issues and the requested remedy, which is essential for obtaining a timely and enforceable order.
After filing, we ensure that all beneficiaries, trustees, and other required parties receive proper service of the petition and accompanying documents. We track statutory deadlines for responses and prepare to address objections through negotiation or court hearings. When objections arise, we evaluate their merits and pursue appropriate responses, including amendments to the petition, stipulations, or evidentiary support to counter opposing claims. Proactive case management reduces surprises and positions the client for a more efficient resolution.
The final stage includes attending hearings, presenting evidence and argument, and securing a judicial order that resolves the requested modifications. The court may grant the petition, deny it, or issue a limited order clarifying certain provisions. Once an order is obtained, we assist with implementing the changes, updating related estate planning documents, and advising trustees on compliance to avoid future disputes. Proper implementation ensures the court’s instructions are followed and the trust is administered in accordance with the updated terms.
When a hearing is scheduled, we prepare witnesses and exhibits to clearly present the factual basis for modification or reformation. Opening statements, witness testimony, and documentary evidence combine to show the court why the requested relief advances the settlor’s intent and addresses the identified problems. Clear courtroom presentation and adherence to evidentiary rules improve the chance of a favorable outcome. We guide clients through the hearing process so they know what to expect and how the court will consider competing claims and legal standards.
Following a court order, it is important to update trust records, provide notice to relevant financial institutions, and make corresponding changes to related estate planning documents such as pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and health directives. We assist with document updates and provide guidance to trustees on their revised duties and accountings. Proper follow-through ensures the court’s directives are fully implemented and helps prevent future disputes by creating a clear record of the modification and related administrative steps.
A trust modification petition is a formal request submitted to the court asking for changes to a trust’s terms, construction, or administration when private amendment is not possible or appropriate. Petitions commonly seek reformation to correct drafting mistakes, clarification of ambiguous provisions, adjustments for changed circumstances, or orders addressing trustee conduct. The court reviews documentary evidence and testimony to determine whether the requested change aligns with the settlor’s intent and applicable legal standards. Petitions are necessary when interested parties cannot reach agreement or when law requires judicial authorization to protect absent or vulnerable beneficiaries. Filing involves preparing a petition, providing proper notice to beneficiaries and trustees, gathering supporting declarations and exhibits, and appearing at any required hearings. Court approval creates an enforceable order that implements the modification and provides legal certainty for trustees and beneficiaries.
Yes, a trust can sometimes be changed without court involvement if the trust instrument expressly permits amendment and all required parties consent. When beneficiaries and the trustee agree, a formal amendment or restatement can be executed to reflect the new terms. This approach can be faster and less costly than filing a petition, but it requires clear documentation and unanimous agreement to avoid future challenges. However, private amendments are not always available, especially when some beneficiaries cannot be located, disagree, or when a settlor is incapacitated and unable to sign. In such cases, a court petition provides a legally binding resolution. Courts can also address reformation or correction of the trust when the written document fails to reflect the settlor’s actual intent due to mistake or ambiguity.
The timeline for a trust modification petition varies depending on the complexity of the issues, the completeness of the evidence, and the court’s schedule. Simple, uncontested petitions can be resolved more quickly, sometimes within a few months, while contested matters that involve discovery, multiple hearings, or complex factual disputes can take significantly longer. Local court backlog and the need for additional evidence or expert testimony can extend the process. Early preparation, clear documentation, and effective case management can help reduce delays. Promptly providing required notices and responding to objections may streamline proceedings. While exact timing is case-specific, discussing the facts early with counsel helps set realistic expectations regarding likely timelines for resolution in Orange County.
When filing a petition to modify a trust in California, it is typically required to provide notice to all beneficiaries, any current trustee, and other interested parties identified by the trust law or the court’s rules. Proper notice ensures that those whose interests may be affected have an opportunity to review the petition and object if necessary. The notice must meet statutory requirements so the court has jurisdiction to decide the matter. Failure to provide adequate notice can result in delays, additional hearings, or even dismissal of the petition. It is important to identify all potential interested parties at the outset and ensure service is completed in accordance with local procedures. This helps protect the integrity of the process and reduces the risk of future challenges to the court’s order.
Evidence supporting a petition to reform or modify a trust may include the original trust document, contemporaneous drafts, related estate planning instruments, correspondence or notes evidencing the settlor’s intent, financial records, and affidavits from witnesses with firsthand knowledge. These materials help demonstrate why the written terms should be changed to reflect the settlor’s actual intentions or to correct a mistake. In addition to documentary evidence, sworn declarations from family members, advisors, or the settlor (if competent) can substantiate claims about intent or mistaken drafting. Presenting a coherent narrative supported by credible documentation increases the petition’s persuasiveness and assists the court in determining whether judicial modification is warranted under California law.
Yes, in some cases a petition may seek removal of a trustee if there is evidence of breach of fiduciary duty, incapacity, conflict of interest, or other conduct that prevents proper administration of the trust. A petition can ask the court to appoint a successor trustee and to issue instructions for the trust’s continued management to protect beneficiaries’ interests. Removal petitions require clear factual support and may involve contested hearings where beneficiaries present evidence of misconduct or inability to perform duties. Courts weigh the trustee’s conduct against statutory standards and the best interests of the beneficiaries when considering removal. Proper documentation and legal argument increase the likelihood the court will take appropriate action.
Attempting a private amendment without proper documentation or without the agreement of all interested parties can create future challenges and potential litigation. If a private amendment is later contested, courts may scrutinize the process, question the validity of signatures, or consider whether the amendment truly reflects the settlor’s intent. Disputes can arise over whether all parties consented or whether the amendment complied with the trust’s own amendment provisions. By contrast, seeking court approval when necessary provides a binding order that reduces the risk of subsequent challenges. While private amendments can be effective in cooperative situations, it is important to ensure proper procedures and documentation are in place so changes remain durable and enforceable over time.
Trust modifications can have tax implications depending on the nature of the change and the types of assets involved. Certain modifications might affect income tax reporting, estate tax exposure, or the characterization of assets for transfer tax purposes. It is important to consider tax consequences when proposing modifications that alter ownership, beneficiary designations, or the timing of distributions. Coordinating with tax advisors and reviewing the financial impact before filing a petition can help avoid unintended consequences. When necessary, the petition and subsequent implementation can be structured to minimize adverse tax effects and to ensure that administration aligns with broader financial and estate planning objectives.
Start by gathering the trust document, any amendments, related estate planning instruments, and records of trustee actions or financial dealings that relate to the requested change. Documenting the reasons for modification and identifying interested parties will help determine whether a nonjudicial amendment is possible or whether a court petition is required. A preliminary consultation can clarify the options and outline next steps for filing if necessary. If a petition is appropriate, the next steps include preparing the petition and supporting declarations, serving notice to interested parties, and filing with the appropriate Orange County court. Early planning and organized documentation help streamline the process and position the case for an efficient resolution.
Costs for filing a trust modification petition vary based on the complexity of the matter, the need for discovery, the number of contested issues, and court filing fees. Simple, uncontested petitions typically incur lower costs, while contested matters often require additional attorney time, preparation of evidence, and court appearances that increase total fees. Court filing fees and costs for serving notice are additional expenses that should be factored into planning. Discussing the specific facts during an initial consultation helps provide a clearer estimate of potential costs. We offer transparent guidance about likely expenses and work to manage fees through efficient case management while ensuring the petition is prepared thoroughly and complies with procedural requirements.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas