A pet trust allows pet owners in Blythe and throughout Riverside County to provide continuing care and financial support for their animals after the owner’s passing or incapacity. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman we help clients understand the full range of options for naming a caregiver, funding the trust, and setting instructions for daily care, medical attention, and end-of-life decisions. Creating a pet trust reduces uncertainty for loved ones and ensures that your pet will be cared for according to your wishes. This guide walks through what a pet trust does, how it is funded, and practical steps to put one in place.
Deciding to set up a pet trust is a meaningful act of planning that protects both your animal companions and your peace of mind. In Blythe, local families often balance unique living situations, multiple pets, and travel patterns that make specific care instructions important. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman can assist in drafting documents such as pour-over wills, certification of trust, and related trust transfers that are consistent with California law. We will outline caregiver selection, funding strategies like lump-sum transfers or ongoing disbursements, and how to keep your plan current through life changes.
A pet trust provides legally enforceable instruction and funding for the care of your animals and helps prevent disputes among family members or caregivers after you are gone. For residents of Blythe and Riverside County the benefits include clear direction about daily routines, veterinary care, living arrangements, and the handling of unforeseen events like relocation or prolonged hospitalization. By naming a trustee and setting out spending limits and reporting requirements, you create accountability for the resources set aside for your pet. This structured planning also gives appointed caregivers the authority they need to make medical and lifestyle decisions without delay.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients throughout California with practical estate planning services tailored to family and pet needs. Our attorneys work closely with clients to design pet trust documents that reflect personal values and daily care preferences, coordinate funding through trusts and wills, and integrate related estate planning tools such as powers of attorney and health care directives. We take a collaborative approach, discussing caregiver options, timelines, and reporting standards so that each plan is realistic, legally sound, and easy to administer when the time comes. Client communication and clear, durable documents are central to our practice.
A pet trust is a legal arrangement that holds assets for the benefit of one or more animals, overseen by a trustee who disburses funds to a caregiver according to the owner’s written instructions. In California, pet trusts can be structured to provide either specific instructions and accountability standards or more flexible funding approaches depending on the owner’s wishes. Typical elements include naming the pet(s), identifying a primary and backup caregiver, specifying how funds are to be used, and setting reporting or accounting requirements to ensure funds are spent appropriately. Proper funding and clear language help prevent court disputes and ensure continuity of care.
Clients in Blythe often ask how much money should be set aside for a pet trust and how to ensure funds are used only for pet care. Answers vary by pet type, age, and health needs, and by whether the owner prefers a lump sum, periodic payments, or reimbursement arrangements. Additional documents, such as a certificate of trust or pour-over will, can complement a pet trust to capture assets placed in a larger estate plan. Regular review of the trust helps adjust funding and caregivers as circumstances change, such as relocation, new pets, or changes in the caregiver’s availability.
A pet trust is a fiduciary arrangement created through a trust document or a clause in a larger trust or will that designates funds for the care of one or more animals. The document names a trustee to hold and manage those funds and a caregiver to provide day-to-day care. Under California law, pet trusts allow owners to specify medical care standards, living conditions, and contingencies for replacement caregivers. Trustees are expected to administer funds in a manner consistent with the owner’s instructions, often with a requirement to provide periodic accountings. Clear drafting minimizes ambiguity and helps ensure the owner’s wishes are followed reliably.
When setting up a pet trust, key elements include identifying the pet or pets, naming a trustee and caregiver, specifying the caretaking instructions and acceptable expenses, and establishing funding methods. The process often begins with a consultation to review the pet’s needs and family situation, followed by drafting the trust language, incorporating it into the broader estate plan, and funding the trust through transfer of assets or coordination with a pour-over will. It is also important to name alternate caregivers and to outline procedures for veterinary emergencies, specialized care, and long-term housing to avoid uncertainty and disputes.
Understanding the terminology used in pet trust planning helps you make informed choices. Common terms include trustee, caregiver, funding, pour-over will, certification of trust, and reporting requirements. Each term defines roles and responsibilities: the trustee manages funds, the caregiver provides daily care, and the certification of trust provides proof of the trust’s existence without disclosing private terms. A clear glossary section helps clients discuss options with family and chosen caregivers, ensuring everyone knows their duties and the scope of authority granted under the trust documents.
A trustee is the person or entity responsible for managing the funds and carrying out the terms of the pet trust. Trustees handle distribution of funds to caregivers, maintain records of expenditures, and may be required to provide periodic accountings to interested parties. Trustees should be reliable, organized, and willing to act with transparency. In some cases a trusted family member, friend, or attorney may serve as trustee; in others a bank or trust company is selected. Clear instructions in the trust document help trustees make decisions aligned with the owner’s intentions and the pet’s welfare.
The caregiver is the individual or household who provides day-to-day care for the animal, following the owner’s written guidance. Caregivers handle feeding, grooming, exercise, veterinary visits, and comfort. Owners should name a primary caregiver as well as backups in case the primary is unable to serve. When naming a caregiver, it helps to discuss expectations, living arrangements, and any financial support that will be provided through the trust. A caregiver agreement, attached to the trust or maintained alongside it, can clarify responsibilities and avoid misunderstandings.
Funding refers to the assets set aside to provide for the pet’s care and the mechanism by which those assets are made available. Funding may include transfers of cash, investments, life insurance proceeds, or real property into the trust or through a pour-over will. The chosen funding method should be reliable and sufficient to support anticipated expenses, with contingency funds for unexpected veterinary care. Owners often consult about realistic budgeting for food, routine care, boarding, and medical treatment to determine an appropriate funding level that aligns with their pet’s needs and anticipated lifespan.
A pour-over will is a testamentary document that directs any assets not already transferred to a trust during life to be moved into the trust at death. For pet trust planning, a pour-over will ensures that newly acquired assets or items overlooked during lifetime funding are consolidated into the trust so funds will be available for the pet. This arrangement provides an additional safety net that supports the owner’s overall plan, though assets passing through probate under a pour-over will may be subject to delay. Proper coordination of wills and trusts helps avoid gaps in funding for a pet trust.
When planning for pet care, owners can choose formal pet trusts, informal caregiver arrangements, or directions in a will. Informal arrangements may lack enforceable funding and can leave caregivers without the authority to make medical or housing decisions. A formal pet trust creates a legal mechanism for funding and oversight, reducing family disputes and ensuring accountability. Alternatives include gifting funds directly to a caregiver or leaving instructions in a will, but these options may not provide the same level of protection or structure. Choosing the right approach depends on the owner’s priorities, trust in the caregiver, and the complexity of the pet’s needs.
A limited approach can work well when pets have modest needs, a strong family network is in place, and there is mutual trust between the owner and the named caregiver. For example, when a pet is young, healthy, and requires only routine care, a written informal agreement with a trusted family member may provide adequate continuity. It is still recommended to leave clear written instructions and contact information, and to confirm caregiver willingness. Such an approach is often quicker and less costly than a formal trust but may lack legal enforceability if disputes arise.
If a caregiver is already financially capable and willing to assume responsibilities without formal funding, owners may choose to rely on direct transfers or informal arrangements. This can be appropriate when the caregiver has a close relationship with the pet and the owner feels confident about long-term availability and stability. Even in these circumstances, providing written guidance for health care, routines, and emergency contacts helps preserve the pet’s quality of life. Consideration should be given to documenting intentions to reduce the risk of later disputes among family members.
A comprehensive pet trust is often advisable when animals have specialized medical needs, ongoing medication requirements, or anticipated high veterinary expenses. When funds must be managed over a long period or when multiple caregivers may be involved, a trust provides clarity and protection. Formal arrangements ensure that money is available and used as intended, that a trustee supervises expenditures, and that contingency caregivers are named. This structure reduces the risk that financial or administrative issues will interfere with the pet’s care and keeps the owner’s wishes at the center of decisions made after incapacity or death.
A trust can reduce conflict by providing a clear, legally enforceable plan for care and funding. When siblings, blended families, or multiple potential caregivers are involved, a documented trust minimizes disagreements over money and decision-making authority. Trustees can be required to provide accountings and adhere to guidelines set by the owner, which helps build trust among interested parties. For families who wish to leave funds for long-term support, or who want to impose oversight mechanisms, a comprehensive pet trust offers structure and stability that informal arrangements cannot match.
A comprehensive pet trust brings legal clarity, designated funding, and accountability for the care of your animals. It allows you to specify medical preferences, boarding arrangements, and the standard of living you expect for your pet. Trustees can be directed to reimburse caregivers for approved expenses, keep detailed records, and follow reporting standards you set. This level of control helps preserve your wishes over time and makes transitions easier for caregivers and animals alike. Properly drafted documents also reduce the likelihood of probate-related delays in accessing needed funds.
Another important benefit is the flexibility to tailor the trust to different circumstances, such as multiple pets with varying needs, or phased funding to address routine and emergency expenses separately. A trust can include replacements for caregivers, instructions for rehoming if necessary, and memorial provisions. Integrating a pet trust with a pour-over will and other estate planning documents creates a cohesive plan that addresses both human and animal beneficiaries. Regular reviews ensure the plan remains consistent with changes in your life, financial situation, and the health of your pets.
Formalizing a pet trust provides enforceable legal rights and duties, offering protection that informal agreements cannot match. Trustees have a legal obligation to manage funds and ensure they are used in accordance with the trust terms, and courts can enforce compliance if necessary. This reduces the risk of misappropriation or neglect and gives caregivers clear authority to make medical and housing decisions for the animal. These protections are particularly valuable when assets are significant or when multiple parties could contest the owner’s intentions.
A comprehensive trust helps ensure continuous care by providing structured funding and naming backup caregivers and trustees. Periodic distributions, reimbursement provisions, and emergency funds are mechanisms that support consistent treatment and living arrangements for the pet. This financial stability reduces the likelihood that a caregiver will be forced to make decisions based on personal finances rather than the pet’s best interest. A well-drafted plan anticipates common issues such as the caregiver’s relocation or incapacity and establishes procedures to preserve continuity of care.
Selecting the right caregiver and discussing expectations in advance simplifies transitions and reduces stress for both the pet and the family. Have conversations with potential caregivers to confirm their willingness to accept responsibility and to review your pet’s daily routine, dietary needs, medical schedule, and temperament. Put those instructions in writing and provide emergency contacts and veterinary details. This preparation ensures caregivers understand practical needs and legal responsibilities while avoiding surprises during emotional times. Documenting preferences also helps align the trust’s funding with anticipated care costs.
Integrating the pet trust with your larger estate plan ensures assets are properly transferred and that your overall intentions are coherent. Include related documents such as a pour-over will, financial power of attorney, advance health care directive, certification of trust, and guardianship nominations as necessary. This coordination prevents gaps where funds intended for the pet could be delayed or lost during probate. Regular reviews and updates to beneficiary designations and trust funding maintain alignment with changes in family circumstances, finances, or the pet’s health.
Pet trusts provide peace of mind by ensuring clear, enforceable plans for the health and welfare of animals after an owner’s incapacity or death. In Blythe, where families may move or have unique housing situations, a trust clarifies where the pet will live, who will care for them, and how veterinary expenses will be handled. It also reduces the risk of disputes among family members and provides financial mechanisms to support care over the animal’s expected lifespan. For owners with multiple pets or animals with special medical needs, a trust offers a structured approach that informal arrangements often cannot match.
Another reason to consider a pet trust is the ability to tailor oversight and reporting requirements, giving owners confidence that funds are being used responsibly. Trustees can be directed to require receipts, provide periodic reports, or consult with veterinarians about ongoing treatment plans. These mechanisms provide accountability while preserving caregivers’ authority to act in the pet’s best interest. Setting up a trust also communicates intentions clearly to family members and caregivers, reducing uncertainty and making transitions smoother during difficult times.
Situations that commonly prompt pet trust planning include an owner’s concern about long-term medical costs for a pet, lack of immediate family nearby, blended family dynamics, frequent travel, or the presence of pets with special needs. Owners who own multiple pets or valuable animals, or who want to set aside funds while retaining control over living and care instructions, often find a trust beneficial. A pet trust is also useful when owners wish to arrange step-down funding or to provide for memorial instructions alongside care provisions, creating a comprehensive plan that honors the animal’s welfare.
When a pet requires ongoing medication, regular veterinary monitoring, or specialized treatments, arrangements that ensure funding and authorized decision-making are particularly important. A pet trust allows the owner to specify how medical decisions should be made, set aside funds for anticipated treatments, and appoint a trustee to manage those funds. This structure helps avoid delays in care caused by uncertainty over payments or authority, and it provides caregivers with the financial and legal tools needed to maintain consistent, appropriate treatment plans for the animal.
If an owner has no obvious family member or friend who can assume long-term care, a pet trust helps identify backup caregivers and funding to support paid boarding or foster arrangements. Proper planning can designate ongoing financial support for professional care providers or rescue organizations willing to act as caregivers under specified conditions. The trust can provide clear selection criteria, oversight, and replacement provisions to ensure the animal’s needs are met even when personal caregiver options are limited or change over time.
In blended families, where multiple relatives might seek custody of a pet, or when an owner’s estate includes significant assets, a pet trust establishes a transparent plan for funding and decision-making. Trustees and caregivers can be named along with reporting requirements that reduce the potential for disputes. When finances are substantial or involve investments that need management, a trustee can oversee funds and ensure timely distributions for pet care. This approach creates a stable, documented solution that honors the owner’s preferences and curbs conflict among beneficiaries.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides pet trust planning services tailored to Blythe residents and those across Riverside County, combining practical legal drafting with attention to each animal’s unique needs. We help clients choose caregivers, structure funding, and coordinate complementary documents such as wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives. Our goal is to deliver clear, enforceable documents that protect both pets and their caretakers. Call our office to discuss how a pet trust can be tailored to your family’s circumstances and the needs of your companion animals.
Selecting legal counsel to help create a pet trust ensures the document fits California law and meets your personal goals for animal care. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman works with clients to draft precise language, recommend funding strategies, and coordinate related estate planning documents to prevent gaps. Our process begins with a detailed consultation about your pet’s daily routine, medical needs, and long-term care preferences, and continues through execution and funding to make sure the plan is fully operational when needed.
We emphasize practical solutions that are easy for caregivers and trustees to implement. That includes preparing caregiver instructions, setting reasonable reporting requirements for trustees, and drafting contingent provisions for replacements and rehoming if necessary. We also explain options for funding the trust, whether by direct transfer, life insurance, or coordination with a pour-over will. Clear communication with family members and potential caregivers reduces misunderstandings and helps ensure a smooth transition of responsibility for your pet.
Clients appreciate personalized planning that reflects family dynamics and the pet’s needs rather than a one-size-fits-all document. We guide clients through decisions about oversight, trustee duties, and realistic budgeting so the trust is sustainable and enforceable. Our aim is to create a durable plan that protects the welfare of your animals and supports caregivers with the resources and authority they need to act confidently on your behalf.
Our legal process begins with an initial consultation to learn about your pet, caregiving preferences, and financial considerations. We then draft the trust language, coordinate funding methods, and prepare related documents such as a pour-over will and certification of trust. We review the plan with you, make adjustments as needed, and guide execution and funding steps to make the trust effective. Post-signing, we recommend periodic reviews to update caregivers, funding amounts, and medical instructions so the plan remains aligned with changing circumstances and the pet’s evolving needs.
During the initial stage we gather detailed information about your pet’s health, daily routine, special dietary or medication requirements, preferred living arrangements, and potential caregivers. We also review your financial situation and assets to determine realistic funding options. This meeting helps shape the trust’s structure, funding approach, and oversight mechanisms. We discuss potential trustees and caregivers, contingency plans, and reporting preferences to ensure the document will function smoothly when it is needed most.
We take time to document your pet’s habits, exercise needs, veterinary providers, vaccination history, and any current medical conditions. Detailing daily routines and behavioral notes helps caregivers follow established practices and maintain the pet’s well-being. Clear written care instructions also reduce stress for new caregivers and support continuity, particularly for animals sensitive to change. Capturing these details at the outset allows the trust to include precise care directives and makes it easier to set appropriate funding levels for ongoing and emergency needs.
Choosing a caregiver and trustee involves assessing availability, reliability, and willingness to take on responsibilities. We help clients identify primary and backup caregivers, and consider whether a family member, friend, or professional trustee is most appropriate for managing funds. Discussing these choices in advance with the named individuals helps confirm they will accept the role. We also outline trustee responsibilities, reporting expectations, and possible remuneration for caregivers to ensure everyone understands their duties and the intended flow of funds.
In the drafting phase we prepare the pet trust instrument and any supporting documents, including pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and a certification of trust if desired. We ensure the language specifies the pet, caregivers, trustee powers, permitted expenses, and reporting requirements. We also draft contingency provisions for caregiver replacement, rehoming criteria, and termination conditions. Clear, precise drafting reduces ambiguity and provides caregivers and trustees with straightforward guidance in carrying out your wishes.
Trust language should be specific enough to guide daily decisions yet flexible enough to accommodate reasonable changes in circumstances. We craft provisions that define authorized uses of funds, reimbursement procedures, veterinary decision-making authority, and timelines for accountings. Including standards for care and realistic funding expectations helps trustees and caregivers fulfill their roles without constant court involvement. Our drafting balances enforceability with practicality so the trust can be administered efficiently and in the spirit of the owner’s intent.
To make the pet trust fully effective, we coordinate other estate planning instruments such as pour-over wills that transfer remaining assets into the trust, powers of attorney to handle interim matters, and healthcare directives to address the owner’s incapacity. A certification of trust can provide proof of the trust’s terms without revealing all private details. Coordinating these documents prevents gaps where funds might be delayed by probate and helps ensure caregivers and trustees can access necessary resources when required.
After documents are signed we assist with the funding process, which may include transferring assets into the trust, updating beneficiary designations, or arranging life insurance to provide funds. We also provide copies and guidance for caregivers and trustees, and recommend a schedule for reviewing the trust periodically. Life changes such as moving, new pets, or changes in financial circumstances may require updates. Regular reviews help preserve the trust’s effectiveness and make sure it continues to reflect current wishes and realistic care arrangements.
Funding a pet trust is a critical step that can involve bank account transfers, retitling financial assets, or designating life insurance proceeds to the trust. We guide clients through the logistics to ensure assets are accessible to trustees when needed. Missteps in funding can create gaps that delay care, so attention to detail at this stage is essential. We also advise on practical budgeting and how to set up periodic disbursements or reimbursement frameworks that align with the caregiver’s needs and the pet’s expected lifespan.
Once the trust is in place, it should be reviewed periodically to remain effective as circumstances change. Reviews are recommended after major life events such as marriage, divorce, relocation, the birth of children, changes in financial status, or alterations in caregiving arrangements. Updating names of caregivers or trustees, adjusting funding, or revising care instructions ensures that the trust continues to serve your pet’s best interests. We offer follow-up consultations to make these updates efficient and to keep the plan aligned with current law and personal circumstances.
A pet trust is a legal instrument that sets aside assets for the care of one or more animals and assigns a trustee to manage those funds on behalf of the pet. The trust names a caregiver to provide daily care and can specify detailed instructions about food, shelter, veterinary care, and end-of-life decisions. By creating a trust, owners ensure there is a legal structure to finance and oversee the pet’s ongoing needs, reducing uncertainty and the potential for disputes among family or friends. Pet trusts provide a formal mechanism that holds funds and imposes duties on the trustee, which helps guarantee that resources are used as intended. Trustees can be tasked with providing accountings and enforcing spending limits, while caregivers are given clear authority to make immediate care decisions without waiting for court approval. This arrangement provides continuity and clarity during emotionally difficult transitions.
Selecting a caregiver involves identifying someone who is willing, available, and capable of providing the day-to-day care your pet requires. Talk openly with potential caregivers about routines, medical needs, and long-term expectations before naming them in your plan. Naming alternate caregivers is important in case the primary caregiver’s circumstances change. Clear communication reduces the chance of surprises and ensures the caregiver understands and accepts responsibilities. Choosing a trustee requires someone trustworthy and organized to manage financial disbursements and oversight duties. Trustees might be family members, friends, or a professional entity depending on the complexity of funding and your comfort level with financial management. It is helpful to discuss duties and reporting requirements with the chosen trustee ahead of time to confirm they will serve as intended.
There is no single correct amount to allocate to a pet trust, as costs vary with the type of pet, its health status, projected lifespan, and local veterinary pricing. Begin by estimating current routine expenses like food, preventative care, grooming, and boarding, then add a cushion for unexpected veterinary treatments and inflation. Consulting with your veterinarian about typical lifetime costs can provide realistic benchmarks and inform the funding decision. Owners may opt for a lump-sum allocation, periodic distributions, or reimbursement structures depending on what best fits the caregiver’s needs and the trust’s oversight structure. A trustee can be directed to manage distributions prudently to ensure funds last for the pet’s expected lifetime, and periodic reviews allow adjustments over time as circumstances change.
Yes, a well-drafted pet trust can include provisions specifically for veterinary emergencies and long-term medical care. Owners can outline the types of treatments they approve, set spending limits for emergency care, and direct trustees on when to authorize costly procedures. Clear instructions help caregivers and veterinarians make timely decisions while staying within the owner’s stated preferences and financial parameters. Including contingency funds and reimbursement mechanisms ensures that caregivers are not personally responsible for unexpected costs. Trustees can be authorized to disburse emergency funds quickly to avoid delays in treatment, while accounting provisions maintain transparency. This balance supports rapid veterinary responses and preserves oversight to prevent misuse of funds.
A pet trust should name alternate caregivers and provide instructions for what to do if the primary caregiver cannot continue. Contingency language can direct the trustee to transfer care to a named successor caregiver or to a reputable rescue or boarding facility under specified conditions. Establishing clear criteria for replacement caregivers and rehoming protocols reduces uncertainty and protects the pet’s welfare. Trustees are empowered to follow those contingency plans and oversee transitions to new caregivers. Including direction about notification procedures, transportation arrangements, and interim care payments eases the practical aspects of changing caregivers and helps minimize stress for the pet during the transition.
Common methods for funding a pet trust include transferring cash or investments directly into the trust during lifetime, naming the trust as a beneficiary of life insurance proceeds, or using a pour-over will to move assets into the trust at death. Each method has implications for timing and accessibility of funds, so careful coordination is necessary to avoid gaps. A mix of approaches is sometimes used to provide both immediate and long-term funding for the pet’s care. Proper funding includes clear titling of accounts and beneficiary designations to make funds readily available to trustees when needed. We assist clients with the administrative steps required to retitle accounts and coordinate beneficiary changes so the trust functions as intended without inadvertent probate delays.
A properly funded pet trust can avoid probate for the assets that are transferred into the trust during the owner’s lifetime, because those assets are already held under trust title. However, assets that are not transferred to the trust during life may pass through probate and then be directed into the trust by a pour-over will. The timing and nature of funding therefore influence whether funds will be immediately available for the pet’s care after the owner’s death. Coordinating the trust with beneficiary designations and transfer-on-death arrangements helps minimize probate exposure. We help clients design funding strategies that maximize the likelihood funds will be accessible when needed and that the trust will operate smoothly for the pet’s benefit.
Review your pet trust whenever you experience a significant life change, such as marriage, divorce, birth of children, relocation, major changes in finances, or the acquisition of new pets. In addition, review the plan periodically to confirm that named caregivers and trustees remain willing and available. Regular updates prevent the plan from becoming outdated and ensure it continues to reflect your priorities and the pet’s needs. Practically, an annual check-in or a review every few years is a sensible approach, with immediate updates following major events. These reviews also allow adjustments for inflation, medical cost changes, or shifts in the caregiver’s ability to provide care, preserving the trust’s viability over time.
Yes. Many owners include instructions for rehoming preferences and memorial arrangements such as burial, cremation, or commemorative donations. Rehoming provisions can establish criteria for acceptable new homes and outline the process to be followed if the named caregiver becomes unable to continue care. Including these instructions reduces uncertainty and guides trustees in making sensitive, practical choices that align with the owner’s values. Memorial provisions can also be included to address wishes for ceremonies, notices, or charitable gifts in the pet’s memory. While these items may not directly affect daily care, they provide a thoughtful framework for honoring the pet and help convey the owner’s broader intentions to trustees and caregivers.
Pet trusts are part of a broader estate plan and should be coordinated with wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives to ensure there are no gaps in funding or authority. For example, a pour-over will can direct any remaining assets into the trust at death, and powers of attorney can enable financial agents to make interim arrangements for pet care during an owner’s incapacity. This cohesive planning helps prevent delays in accessing funds and clarifies who has authority in different scenarios. Coordination also ensures beneficiary designations and account titles align with the trust’s funding strategy. We help clients integrate pet trusts into their overall estate plans so that responsibilities, funding, and decision-making authority are clearly aligned and effective when needed.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas