An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust, commonly called an ILIT, is a tool used in estate planning to hold life insurance policies outside of a grantor’s taxable estate. For residents of Canyon Lake and Riverside County, establishing an ILIT can help manage the transfer of life insurance proceeds to beneficiaries while addressing concerns about estate taxes, probate avoidance, and control over distributions. This page explains how an ILIT functions, how it interacts with other documents like a revocable living trust and pour-over will, and practical considerations specific to California law so you can make informed planning choices for your family.
Choosing whether an ILIT is appropriate requires careful consideration of family dynamics, the size of the estate, retirement accounts, and existing beneficiary designations. An ILIT can provide a structured way to hold and distribute insurance proceeds for minor children, family members with disabilities, or beneficiaries who may need protection from creditors. It also can preserve liquidity for estate expenses. This introduction outlines core factors to consider and the documents typically coordinated with an ILIT, including powers of attorney, health care directives, and trust certifications often used in California estate plans.
An ILIT plays a unique role in legacy planning by separating life insurance proceeds from a person’s taxable estate, which can reduce potential estate tax exposure and make settlement processes more efficient for heirs. Beyond tax considerations, an ILIT offers a framework to set terms for distributions, protect proceeds from creditors, and ensure funds are used for intended purposes such as education or ongoing care. For families in Canyon Lake, this structure can be particularly useful when beneficiaries reside in different households or when there is a desire to preserve wealth for future generations in a controlled and orderly manner.
Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients with personalized estate planning services across California, including Riverside County and Canyon Lake. The firm assists with a broad range of estate documents, such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, health care directives, and the full suite of trust instruments that commonly accompany an ILIT. Practical, client-centered guidance is provided from the initial planning conference through document drafting and funding coordination, with clear explanations of each step so clients understand how the pieces of their estate plan work together.
An ILIT is created when the grantor transfers ownership of a life insurance policy into a trust that cannot be revoked or amended by the grantor after funding. The trustee then controls the policy and its proceeds according to the trust terms. This structure can remove the policy from the grantor’s estate for federal estate tax purposes when properly structured and timed. In California, careful drafting and coordinated beneficiary designations are necessary to achieve the desired results and to ensure that the trust operates smoothly alongside wills, living trusts, and powers of attorney.
Funding an ILIT typically involves either transferring an existing policy into the trust or having the trust purchase a new policy. When transferring an existing policy, attention must be paid to three-year lookback rules that can affect estate inclusion. The trustee’s responsibilities include paying premiums, keeping records, and making distributions in accordance with the trust document. Effective communication between the grantor, trustee, and financial institutions is essential to maintain the trust’s benefits and to prevent unintended estate inclusion or administrative complications.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a separate legal entity that owns life insurance policies for the benefit of designated beneficiaries. Once the policy is held in the trust, proceeds are paid to the trust at the insured’s death and then distributed under the terms established by the grantor. The trust document specifies who receives distributions, when they receive them, and any conditions or protections intended to preserve assets. This arrangement can be used to provide liquidity, pay estate expenses, and manage long-term support for beneficiaries while keeping proceeds out of the grantor’s taxable estate when structured correctly.
Key elements of an ILIT include the grantor who creates the trust, the trustee who manages it, and the beneficiaries who will receive proceeds. Important processes include drafting the trust instrument, transferring or issuing the life insurance policy in the trust’s name, and establishing procedures for premium payments and recordkeeping. Other considerations include backup or successor trustees, distribution standards, and coordination with retirement plans and beneficiary designations. Proper coordination during drafting and funding is essential to ensure that the trust provides the intended benefits and avoids inadvertent estate inclusion.
Understanding commonly used terms helps demystify the ILIT process. This section defines practical vocabulary that clients often encounter, including terms that describe trust mechanics, tax timing rules, and distribution structures. Familiarity with these terms will make discussions about funding options, trustee duties, and beneficiary arrangements more productive. Clear definitions also assist in comparing options and in working with financial institutions and insurance carriers when placing or transferring policies into trust ownership.
The grantor is the person who establishes the ILIT and typically transfers the life insurance policy into the trust. The grantor sets the trust’s terms and designates beneficiaries and trustees. Once the ILIT is funded and the trust is irrevocable, the grantor relinquishes control over the policy and trust assets in ways defined by the trust document. The grantor’s intentions at creation shape distribution guidelines and any conditions placed on the beneficiaries. Proper drafting at the outset is important to ensure the grantor’s goals are reflected and carried out after funding.
A trustee is responsible for managing trust assets, paying premiums when required, maintaining records, and distributing proceeds according to the trust’s instructions. Trustee duties include acting in the beneficiaries’ best interests, keeping accurate financial records, and communicating relevant developments. In the context of an ILIT, trustees often interface with insurance carriers, financial advisors, and the estate attorney to ensure compliance and to carry out the grantor’s wishes. Selecting a trustee who is willing and able to perform these administrative tasks is an important practical consideration.
Federal rules include a three-year lookback period that can cause proceeds of a policy transferred to an ILIT within three years of the insured’s death to be included in the insured’s estate. This timing consideration means transfers of existing policies should be planned well in advance when possible. When a policy is newly purchased by the trust, the lookback period does not apply, but other funding and premium payment logistics must be handled carefully. Understanding this rule helps individuals avoid unintended estate inclusion and preserve the tax and planning benefits of an ILIT.
Crummey powers are provisions that allow beneficiaries a temporary right to withdraw contributions to a trust for a limited time, which can help qualify those contributions as present interest gifts for annual gift tax exclusion purposes. When used in connection with an ILIT, Crummey powers can permit third-party or annual exclusion funding for premium payments while maintaining the overall structure of the trust. Properly drafted notice and withdrawal procedures are required to preserve the tax treatment, and the trustee must be prepared to handle any exercise of withdrawal rights in accordance with the trust terms.
When evaluating whether to pursue a single-element solution like simply naming beneficiaries versus creating a comprehensive trust structure, it helps to weigh long-term family goals, asset complexity, tax consequences, and administrative capacity. Limited approaches can be quicker and less costly initially, but they often lack the protections and flexibility found in a well-crafted trust arrangement. Comprehensive solutions may require more coordination across multiple documents and financial holdings but can deliver greater certainty regarding distribution timing, creditor protection, and tax planning outcomes for families seeking durable succession strategies in California.
A limited approach to estate planning may be appropriate for individuals whose assets are modest, who have straightforward beneficiary relationships, and who prioritize a low-cost solution. If life insurance proceeds are modest and beneficiaries are capable and financially stable, naming beneficiaries directly on the policy and relying on a simple will or beneficiary designations may suffice. This approach reduces administrative overhead and avoids the need to fund and manage additional trust structures, making it a practical choice for some households that do not require complex distribution rules or creditor protection.
If the primary goal is a straightforward, immediate transfer of proceeds to a spouse or child without restrictions, a limited strategy may fit. Direct beneficiary designations provide a direct channel for proceeds and can avoid the need for trust administration. This option works best when there are no concerns about creditor claims, beneficiary immaturity, or potential disputes among heirs. It is often used alongside basic estate documents such as a pour-over will and simple powers of attorney when the family situation and assets do not demand more structured safeguards.
Comprehensive trust planning is often needed when families have complex asset structures, multiple properties, business interests, or beneficiaries with special financial or personal considerations. Trusts allow for tailored distribution provisions that can protect assets from creditors, provide for long-term support, and set conditions for when and how beneficiaries receive funds. For families with blended households, minor children, or beneficiaries with limited financial experience, a trust can provide continuity and clear guidance that helps prevent disputes and ensures funds are used in alignment with the grantor’s intent.
A comprehensive approach can enhance tax planning and streamline estate administration by coordinating life insurance trusts with revocable living trusts, retirement account beneficiary designations, and other estate instruments. Proper structuring can minimize estate settlement delays and reduce the likelihood of probate for certain assets, easing the burden on survivors. While this approach requires more upfront planning and ongoing management, the long-term benefits often include clearer distribution instructions, reduced administrative friction, and potential tax advantages that preserve more value for beneficiaries over time.
A comprehensive trust approach provides greater control over how assets are distributed, protects proceeds from certain creditor claims, and can promote family stability during transitions. It enables tailored timing and conditions for distributions, which is helpful when beneficiaries are minors or when funds are intended for specific purposes such as education or ongoing care. Coordination across trust documents and estate instruments promotes consistency and reduces the chance of conflicting beneficiary designations or administrative confusion after the grantor’s death.
Comprehensive planning helps integrate insurance trusts with other estate planning tools like pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives. That integration makes it easier for trustees and family members to locate and manage documents, follow the grantor’s wishes, and handle estate administration efficiently. The result is a smoother post-death process with fewer disputes and clearer paths for distribution, which can be especially valuable in multi-generational planning or where business continuity and asset protection are priorities.
Comprehensive trust arrangements allow a grantor to set specific distribution terms such as staggered payouts, distributions for education, or funds reserved for health care needs. This control helps ensure that the proceeds are used for intended purposes and reduces the risk that beneficiaries will mismanage large lump-sum inheritances. Trustees are given clear legal authority to follow the trust’s instructions, which provides a practical mechanism for preserving wealth for future use and for aligning distributions with the grantor’s long-term goals for family support.
When drafted and funded correctly, trusts can provide layers of protection that limit creditor access to trust assets and improve tax coordination across an estate plan. While no arrangement eliminates all risks, a thoughtfully designed ILIT combined with other trust instruments can reduce exposure to certain claims and create a framework for orderly tax handling. This is particularly advantageous for individuals concerned about long-term preservation of family wealth and who want to ensure that insurance proceeds serve intended financial and legacy purposes.
One of the most important practical steps when establishing an ILIT is to coordinate policy ownership and beneficiary designations carefully. Ensure the policy is titled in the trust’s name or that the trust is the owner and beneficiary as appropriate, and confirm that beneficiary designations on retirement accounts or other accounts do not inadvertently override trust goals. Clear documentation and communication with insurance carriers are necessary to prevent administrative surprises. Proper paperwork and timely notices protect the trust’s intended treatment of proceeds and help avoid estate inclusion pitfalls.
Choose a trustee who is able and willing to carry out administrative tasks such as paying premiums, keeping detailed records, and communicating with beneficiaries and carriers. A trustee that understands the responsibilities and is accessible will help reduce administrative delays at claim time. Consider naming successor trustees and providing clear guidance in the trust document about distribution standards and communication protocols. Good trustee selection and clear instructions in the trust document contribute to predictable and consistent trust administration.
Families often consider an ILIT when they want to remove life insurance proceeds from their taxable estates, provide structured distributions to beneficiaries, or preserve assets for long-term needs. An ILIT can also address creditor concerns, provide for minor children or family members with special needs, and ensure funds are managed according to the grantor’s wishes. In many cases, combining an ILIT with a revocable living trust, powers of attorney, and a pour-over will creates a cohesive estate plan that addresses liquidity, tax planning, and legacy goals.
An ILIT can be especially useful when life insurance is a significant portion of a family’s expected inheritance or when the grantor anticipates estate administration costs that could otherwise require liquidation of assets. By providing immediate liquidity at death, life insurance proceeds held in trust can be used to pay taxes, debts, and expenses without forcing the sale of real property or business interests. This feature helps protect family assets and can provide peace of mind that financial obligations will be addressed promptly.
Common circumstances that lead individuals to consider an ILIT include blended families, significant life insurance holdings, plans to benefit minor children, beneficiaries with special financial needs, or owners of illiquid assets who want to avoid selling property to pay estate costs. Business owners who need to preserve liquidity for succession, and individuals with concerns about creditor claims or lawsuits, also frequently consider this planning option. Each situation requires tailored drafting and coordination with other estate documents to achieve intended outcomes.
Blended families often benefit from an ILIT because it allows the grantor to direct life insurance proceeds in a way that balances the needs of a spouse, children from prior relationships, and other heirs. The trust offers control over timing and conditions of distributions, which can help avoid conflicts and ensure that each intended beneficiary receives what the grantor planned. Custom distribution terms can be crafted to provide for a surviving spouse while preserving capital for children or future generations.
When beneficiaries are young or may not be prepared to manage large sums, an ILIT provides a mechanism to release funds gradually or under specified conditions like reaching certain ages, educational milestones, or other criteria. This approach helps prevent mismanagement and provides for long-term support. Trustees can be given discretion to manage investments and distributions in beneficiaries’ best interests, offering families a safeguard that direct beneficiary designations cannot provide on their own.
In situations where beneficiaries face potential creditor claims or legal challenges, holding life insurance proceeds inside a trust can add a level of protection that direct ownership might not provide. While no arrangement guarantees complete protection from all claims, trust-based distributions and spending standards can be designed to limit direct access and control exposure. This structure can be especially valuable where beneficiaries’ financial or professional circumstances could put inheritance assets at risk.
The firm provides focused assistance to Canyon Lake residents who are exploring whether an ILIT fits into their estate plan. Services include initial planning consultations, drafting of trust documents, coordination of policy transfers or new policy purchases, and guidance on funding strategies such as annual gift exclusion contributions. We also help with coordination of related documents like revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives so that the full estate plan operates in a cohesive manner under California rules and local practice.
Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman has a practical, client-first approach to estate planning for individuals and families in Canyon Lake and Riverside County. The firm focuses on clear communication, careful document drafting, and close coordination with financial advisors and insurance carriers to ensure that trust arrangements operate as intended. Clients receive straightforward explanations about timing, funding options, and the interplay between trusts and beneficiary designations to help them make sound decisions that reflect their family and financial goals.
The firm assists with all stages of ILIT creation, from initial planning through trust funding and administration. That includes preparation of the trust instrument, documentation related to policy ownership transfers, and coordination of notices and recordkeeping. We place emphasis on practical steps that reduce administrative friction at claim time and provide families with confidence that their plan will work smoothly when needed. Our approach seeks to anticipate common issues and to incorporate clear instructions for trustees and successors.
Clients benefit from a comprehensive review of existing estate documents and beneficiary designations to identify gaps or inconsistencies that could undermine planning goals. The firm also assists with related documents frequently used in California plans, such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, financial powers of attorney, health care directives, and guardianship nominations. This integrated review helps ensure that the ILIT complements the broader estate plan and that transition steps are clearly documented for family members and trustees.
Our process begins with an initial consultation to review family circumstances, assets, and planning objectives. From there, we identify whether an ILIT is appropriate and outline options for funding, trustee selection, and distribution terms. Document drafting follows, along with coordinated steps to transfer existing policies or arrange new policies in the trust’s name. We also provide guidance on annual funding strategies and documentation procedures to preserve intended tax treatment and to maintain clear administrative records.
The first step involves understanding your family, asset portfolio, and planning priorities. We discuss life insurance holdings, existing estate documents, retirement accounts, and potential tax or creditor concerns. This assessment informs whether an ILIT or alternate planning tool best fits your needs, and identifies timing issues like the three-year rule or the logistics of transferring existing policies. Clear goal-setting at this stage sets the foundation for drafting documents that align with your intentions.
Collecting accurate and comprehensive financial information is essential. We request policy statements, beneficiary forms, property lists, and details about retirement accounts. Understanding family relationships, special needs concerns, and potential creditor exposures helps tailor the ILIT’s distribution language. This information also helps identify whether trusts, pour-over wills, or other instruments should be revised to coordinate with the ILIT effectively and avoid conflicting beneficiary designations that could undermine the plan.
Timing issues such as the federal three-year lookback and premium funding logistics are discussed during the initial phase. We evaluate whether an existing policy should be transferred or whether the trust should purchase a new policy to avoid lookback concerns. We also consider gift tax exclusion strategies for premium payments and any necessary Crummey notice procedures. Early attention to these details reduces the risk of unintended estate inclusion and helps ensure the ILIT operates as intended.
After goals are set, we draft the ILIT document with clear distribution instructions, trustee powers, and administrative provisions. The drafting phase coordinates trust provisions with other estate instruments to create a coherent plan. Once documents are signed, funding is arranged either by transferring an existing policy into the trust or by issuing a new policy in the trust’s name. We provide step-by-step guidance during this stage to ensure carriers and financial institutions have the correct documentation and records.
Drafting focuses on precise language that reflects your distribution priorities, conditions, and trustee authority. We include instructions for premium payments, recordkeeping, and procedures for beneficiary notices when required. Clear trustee instructions and successor trustee naming reduce ambiguity and help ensure consistent administration over time. Drafting also addresses how the trust should interact with other estate planning documents to prevent conflicts and to preserve the trust’s intended benefits.
We coordinate directly with insurance carriers to confirm that the trust is accepted as owner and beneficiary when appropriate, and to secure the necessary transfer forms and policy endorsements. During funding, we assist with beneficiary change forms and provide documentation templates for Crummey notices if annual exclusion funding is used. Proper coordination at this phase reduces administrative delays and helps avoid issues that could jeopardize the trust’s intended tax and distribution treatment.
Once the trust is funded, ongoing maintenance includes recordkeeping of premium payments, sending required notices, updating beneficiary information when necessary, and periodic review of the trust in light of life changes. Trustees should retain organized records of all trust-related transactions. Periodic review ensures that the ILIT remains aligned with changing family circumstances, updated laws, and evolving financial conditions, and that it continues to dovetail with other estate planning documents.
Trustees should maintain timely records of premium payments, policy statements, correspondence with carriers, and any notices provided to beneficiaries. Clear communication channels between trustees, beneficiaries, and professional advisors help reduce misunderstandings and prepare the trust for timely administration upon the insured’s death. Good recordkeeping also supports transparency and assists in producing necessary documents when claims are filed or when accountants and attorneys review the trust’s operations.
Regular reviews are recommended to ensure the ILIT continues to reflect current family and financial realities. Life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, or significant changes in asset values may prompt adjustments in other estate documents even if the ILIT itself remains irrevocable. Periodic consultations help identify whether companion documents like powers of attorney or pour-over wills need revision to maintain a cohesive and effective estate plan under California law and changing federal tax considerations.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a trust created to own and control life insurance policies for the benefit of named beneficiaries. The grantor places a life insurance policy in the trust or has the trust purchase a policy in its name, and the trustee manages the policy and proceeds according to the trust terms. The primary purposes of an ILIT are to separate policy proceeds from the grantor’s estate for potential estate tax purposes, to control distributions to beneficiaries, and to provide liquidity for estate obligations and family needs. An ILIT is used to structure how proceeds are handled at death, including establishing distribution timing, designating conditions for payouts, and protecting funds from creditor claims in certain circumstances. While the trust is irrevocable and the grantor surrenders some control, the arrangement offers a predictable mechanism for delivering funds to beneficiaries and supporting estate administration. Proper drafting and funding are essential to achieve intended outcomes and to coordinate the ILIT with other estate documents and beneficiary designations.
Placing a life insurance policy into an ILIT can remove the death benefit from the grantor’s taxable estate, which may reduce estate tax exposure when federal or applicable state thresholds are implicated. To achieve this result, the grantor must not retain incidents of ownership in the policy, and timing issues such as the three-year lookback must be considered. When properly structured and funded well before death, the ILIT can help ensure that proceeds pass outside the grantor’s estate for tax purposes. It is important to coordinate policy transfers and beneficiary designations carefully to maintain the trust’s intended tax treatment. If a policy is transferred into the trust within three years of the insured’s death, rules may cause proceeds to be included in the estate, negating some benefits. Because tax rules and thresholds can change, periodic review and proactive funding strategies are recommended to align the ILIT with broader estate and tax planning objectives.
The three-year lookback rule refers to federal provisions that may include life insurance proceeds in a decedent’s estate if an existing policy was transferred to another owner within three years of the decedent’s death. This rule is designed to prevent last-minute transfers for tax avoidance. When a grantor transfers an existing policy into an ILIT less than three years before death, the proceeds could still be considered part of the estate for tax purposes, depending on the circumstances. To avoid unintended estate inclusion, many planners recommend establishing the ILIT and arranging funding well in advance of any anticipated need. Another approach is to have the trust purchase a new policy in its name, which avoids the lookback rule but requires coordination of premium funding. Understanding and planning around the timing rule is a key step in preserving the ILIT’s benefits.
Yes, an existing policy can often be transferred into an ILIT, but such transfers require careful attention to timing, carrier approval, and possible tax implications. The insurance carrier will typically require change-of-ownership forms, and the trust documents must be in place before the transfer. When transferring an existing policy, the grantor must understand whether the three-year lookback rule will apply and whether any retained rights could inadvertently cause estate inclusion. Another consideration when transferring a policy is whether the trust will be responsible for future premium payments and how those payments will be funded. Annual gifting strategies or other funding arrangements are commonly used to provide the trustee with the means to pay premiums. Proper documentation and coordination with trustees and beneficiaries help ensure the transfer produces the desired planning results without unnecessary complications.
A trustee can be an individual, a corporate fiduciary, or a combination of both, and should be someone willing to fulfill administrative duties such as paying premiums, keeping records, and communicating with beneficiaries and carriers. The trustee’s responsibilities include managing trust assets, following distribution instructions, maintaining records, and acting in accordance with the trust document. Naming a successor trustee is also important to ensure continuity if the primary trustee is unable or unwilling to serve. When selecting a trustee, consider availability, organizational skills, and trustworthiness. Some families name a trusted relative or friend as trustee and appoint a professional or institutional co-trustee to handle administrative or investment tasks. The trust document can allocate responsibilities and provide guidance to trustees on decision-making and communication protocols to ensure effective administration.
Premiums for a policy owned by an ILIT are typically funded through annual gifts to the trust, use of the grantor’s available annual gift tax exclusion, or other designated funding strategies. When using annual exclusion gifts, Crummey powers may be included to allow beneficiaries a short-term withdrawal right so that the gifts qualify as present interest gifts for exclusion purposes. Clear notice and recordkeeping of gifts and any withdrawal offers are essential to preserve the intended tax treatment. Another approach involves third-party funding or contributions from the grantor’s estate plan assets. It is important to document the chosen funding method and to maintain evidence of premium payments and notices. Trustees should keep careful records of all receipts and disbursements related to premiums to ensure transparency and to facilitate trust administration over time.
Crummey powers are temporary withdrawal rights granted to beneficiaries that permit contributions to the trust to qualify as present interest gifts eligible for the annual gift tax exclusion. When beneficiaries are given a short window to withdraw a gift, even if they do not exercise the right, the gift can still meet the present interest requirement. Trustees must provide timely notice of these withdrawal rights and maintain records showing the availability of the withdrawal period to preserve the exclusion. Crummey provisions are commonly used when a trust will receive annual gifts to pay policy premiums. While the withdrawal window is usually short and beneficiaries often do not exercise the right, the process must be properly administered. Clear notice procedures and evidence of the beneficiary opportunity to withdraw help ensure the intended tax benefits are available for funding the trust.
An ILIT and a revocable living trust serve different functions but can be coordinated within a broader estate plan. A revocable living trust typically holds assets that may be managed during the grantor’s lifetime and distributed at death under flexible terms. An ILIT, in contrast, is irrevocable and is designed specifically to hold life insurance policies. Coordination ensures policy proceeds and other assets do not produce conflicting directions for beneficiaries or create unintended estate inclusion issues. Coordination includes aligning distribution goals, confirming beneficiary designations, and making sure account titling and ownership reflect the plan’s structure. Companion documents like pour-over wills can be used to direct stray assets into a primary trust, while powers of attorney and health care directives handle management during incapacity. Periodic reviews help maintain alignment across instruments as circumstances change.
When the insured dies, the life insurance carrier pays the policy proceeds to the ILIT, which then holds and distributes those funds according to the trust’s provisions. The trustee is responsible for filing claims, collecting proceeds, and following the distribution instructions set out by the grantor. The trust may provide immediate lump-sum distributions, staggered distributions over time, or distributions conditioned on certain events or milestones as specified in the trust document. Trustee responsibilities at claim time include producing required documentation, paying any outstanding expenses, and ensuring distributions align with the trust terms. Because the trust receives the proceeds directly, the funds can provide liquidity for estate taxes, debts, and administrative expenses without requiring the sale of estate assets. Clear documentation and trustee readiness help facilitate timely access to funds for heirs and estate settlement needs.
Although an ILIT is irrevocable once funded, periodic review of related estate documents and funding strategies is recommended. Life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, or significant changes in assets may affect the broader estate plan and how the ILIT fits within it. Reviews ensure that companion documents like pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and living trusts remain aligned with the ILIT’s provisions and the grantor’s overall goals. Additionally, changes in tax laws or family financial circumstances may warrant a review of funding strategies and coordination of beneficiary designations. While the ILIT document itself remains in place, administrative practices, trustee contact information, and funding mechanisms should be checked regularly to maintain the trust’s effectiveness and reduce the risk of unintended outcomes at claim time.
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