A last will and testament is an essential legal document that states how you want your property and personal affairs handled after you pass. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, serving Idyllwild-Pine Cove and the wider Riverside County area from our San Jose base, we help residents turn decisions into clear, legally binding instructions. Whether you have a modest estate or multiple assets, preparing a will brings peace of mind by naming beneficiaries, designating an executor, and stating guardian preferences for minor children. Contact our office at 408-528-2827 to discuss how a clear will fits within your overall estate planning goals.
Many people combine a last will with other estate planning documents such as a revocable living trust, pour-over will, financial power of attorney, advance health care directive, and HIPAA authorization. A properly drafted will ensures that transfers of property are handled according to your wishes and that key appointments are made for health care decisions and financial management if you become unable to act. Our practice assists clients with drafting, reviewing, and coordinating all necessary instruments so that your plan reflects current law and your personal priorities, helping avoid uncertainty for family members and simplifying the transition when the time comes.
A last will matters because it gives you control over who receives your property and personal items, and it allows you to appoint a trusted person to administer your estate. Without a will, state law determines distribution, which can lead to outcomes you would not choose. Wills are also the primary vehicle to name guardians for minor children and to express preferences for funeral arrangements. Drafting a will in the context of broader planning can reduce conflicts among family members and streamline the probate process. Thoughtful planning gives your loved ones clearer instructions and reduces stress at difficult times.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides estate planning services from our San Jose headquarters while serving clients throughout California, including Idyllwild-Pine Cove and Riverside County. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, practical solutions, and careful drafting of wills, trusts, and related documents. We work directly with each client to understand family dynamics, asset structure, and long-term goals. The firm assists with preparing revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, advance health care directives, powers of attorney, and other instruments that support a complete plan. To schedule a consultation, call our office at 408-528-2827.
A last will and testament is a written directive that becomes effective after death and controls the distribution of assets that pass through probate. It allows you to name beneficiaries for personal property, real estate, bank accounts lacking payable-on-death designations, and items not held in a trust. A will also gives you the chance to appoint a personal representative to carry out your wishes, to designate guardians for minor children, and to provide for funeral or burial preferences. Drafting a will with attention to legal formalities helps ensure enforceability and reduces the likelihood of disputes among survivors.
Wills interact with other estate planning tools such as trusts and beneficiary designations. Assets owned jointly or with named beneficiaries typically pass outside probate, while assets titled solely in your name are often governed by your will. A pour-over will works alongside a trust to transfer any assets not previously funded to the trust at death. Understanding how probate works in California, when to use a will versus a trust, and how documents like powers of attorney and health care directives fit together is essential for building a reliable plan that matches your circumstances and reduces friction for those you leave behind.
A last will and testament is a legal document that reflects your instructions about property distribution, appointment of a personal representative, and guardianship nominations for minor children. It must meet state requirements for execution, including signature and witness rules, to be valid in probate court. The will only affects assets that are part of your probate estate. Many people pair a will with other tools like trusts or beneficiary designations to manage assets both during life and after death. The will serves as a written statement of your wishes and is typically filed with the probate court after your passing.
Key elements of a will include identification of the testator, designation of beneficiaries, appointment of a personal representative, and specific bequests of property. The drafting process involves gathering asset information, deciding how property should be distributed, selecting responsible individuals to administer the estate, and nominating guardians if needed. After drafting, the will must be executed according to state law, often requiring witnesses and a signature. Once the will is in place, it is important to store it safely and to review it periodically to ensure it reflects current circumstances and relationships.
Familiarity with common estate planning terms helps you make informed decisions. Terms such as executor, beneficiary, probate, intestacy, pour-over will, and revocable living trust appear frequently in conversations about wills. Understanding who has the authority to act, which assets are subject to probate, and how different instruments interact makes it easier to design a plan that minimizes administrative burdens on survivors. This glossary section defines key words and explains how they fit into the process of preparing and carrying out a last will and testament so you can discuss options with confidence.
An executor, also called a personal representative in California, is the person named in a will to administer the estate. Their responsibilities often include locating and securing assets, notifying creditors and beneficiaries, filing required court documents, paying valid debts and taxes, and distributing remaining property according to the will. Serving as an executor requires organizational skill and attention to deadlines. Many people choose a trusted family member or a professional fiduciary for the role. It is important to discuss the responsibilities with the person you plan to name to ensure they are willing and able to serve when the time comes.
A beneficiary is any person or entity entitled to receive property or benefits under a will or other estate planning instrument. Beneficiaries can include family members, friends, charities, or trusts created to hold assets for specific purposes. Beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and insurance policies generally override instructions in a will, so it is important to coordinate designations with the will to avoid unintended results. Clear beneficiary designations and descriptive language in a will help ensure your intentions are carried out and reduce the likelihood of disputes.
Probate is the court-supervised process for administering a deceased person’s estate when assets are titled in the decedent’s name and not otherwise arranged to transfer outside probate. The process typically includes validating the will, inventorying assets, notifying creditors, paying allowed debts and taxes, and distributing assets to beneficiaries. Probate procedures vary by jurisdiction and can be time-consuming. Planning tools such as trusts and proper beneficiary designations can limit the size of the probate estate, but a simple will often remains a central document for directing how probate assets should be handled.
Intestacy occurs when someone dies without a valid will, leaving the state’s laws to determine how assets are distributed. California’s intestacy rules specify a priority order for heirs, which may not reflect the deceased person’s wishes. Intestacy can result in unintended beneficiaries receiving assets and may complicate guardianship for minor children. Preparing a will allows you to avoid intestacy by specifying beneficiaries and appointees. Even modest estates benefit from a clearly drafted will to ensure property passes to the people or organizations you choose rather than default state rules.
Choosing among a will, a revocable living trust, beneficiary designations, and other tools depends on your assets, family situation, and priorities. Wills are straightforward instruments for directing probate assets and naming guardians. Trusts may allow assets to avoid probate and provide ongoing management for beneficiaries. Beneficiary designations transfer certain assets directly upon death. Each option has trade-offs related to cost, privacy, and administrative steps. An integrated plan often combines several tools to achieve efficient transfer, reduce delays, and address incapacity planning through powers of attorney and health care directives.
A will-only approach may be appropriate for those with modest assets or a simple ownership structure where most accounts have beneficiary designations or are jointly held. In such cases, a well-drafted will covers property left in the decedent’s sole name and allows for guardian nominations and a named personal representative. When assets are not numerous and family relationships are straightforward, a will provides a cost-effective plan that documents wishes and assists the court in probating the estate if necessary. It remains important to coordinate account titles and beneficiary designations to avoid unintended results.
If retirement accounts, life insurance, and payable-on-death accounts already pass directly to designated beneficiaries and there are no complex tax or asset-management concerns, a will can complement those arrangements to address residual property and guardianship. This limited approach works when beneficiaries are known and relationships are unlikely to change, and when there is no need for ongoing management of assets for minors or vulnerable heirs. Regular review ensures that beneficiary designations remain current and aligned with the instructions contained in the will.
When an estate includes multiple properties, business interests, retirement plans, or investments that require ongoing management, a comprehensive plan may reduce administrative burdens and delays. Trusts can be useful to manage and distribute assets outside probate, provide continuity in management, and handle beneficiary distributions on a tailored schedule. Coordinating deeds, retirement accounts, and business documents helps avoid unintended tax consequences and simplifies transitions for heirs. A broad planning approach ensures that property is titled appropriately and that the full plan reflects both current circumstances and future contingencies.
If you have minor children, dependents with special needs, or potential tax exposure, a comprehensive plan can provide tailored protections and strategies. Trust arrangements may preserve assets for beneficiaries, designate how distributions are made, and ensure that a child’s inheritance is managed responsibly. Advance health care directives and powers of attorney address incapacity, while retirement and estate tax planning can reduce burdens on survivors. Addressing these areas proactively creates a coordinated plan that aligns legal documents with your family’s financial and personal needs.
A comprehensive estate plan provides clarity about your wishes and reduces uncertainty for family members tasked with carrying out your instructions. Combining wills with trusts, powers of attorney, and health care directives ensures that assets are managed during life and distributed after death in the manner you intend. This coordination helps minimize delays, avoid overlapping or conflicting documents, and provide continuity of decision-making if you become incapacitated. For many families, a comprehensive plan also improves privacy and can simplify administration when assets pass to heirs.
Comprehensive planning can also help protect vulnerable beneficiaries through tailored trust provisions, ensure minor children have appropriate guardians and ongoing financial support, and address both short-term and long-term distribution objectives. It can reduce the likelihood of disputes by setting clear expectations in writing and by naming responsible administrators. A full plan allows for tax and creditor considerations to be addressed where appropriate, and it creates a roadmap for surviving loved ones to follow, decreasing stress when managing an estate during an emotional time.
A comprehensive plan lets you specify not only who receives assets but how and when they receive them. Trusts can impose conditions or stagger distributions to provide ongoing financial management and protection for beneficiaries who may not be ready to receive a large inheritance outright. This control can preserve family assets for the long term, protect inheritances from creditors or poor financial decisions, and ensure that funds are used for intended purposes such as education or care. Clear instructions reduce ambiguity and help the people you designate follow your wishes accurately.
By coordinating titling, beneficiary designations, and trust funding, a comprehensive plan often limits the assets that must pass through probate, shortening timelines and reducing court involvement. This streamlined approach tends to lower administrative costs and eases the workload on a personal representative. Clear, consistent documents also reduce the potential for disagreements among heirs by documenting your choices and the reasons for them. While nothing can remove all emotional complexity, planning minimizes procedural surprises and allows heirs to focus on preserving family relationships.
Begin by making a comprehensive list of assets, account numbers, deeds, insurance policies, retirement accounts, and items of sentimental value. Include information about outstanding debts and any co-owned property. If you have existing trusts, beneficiary designations, or business ownership interests, gather the relevant documents so they can be reviewed together. Organizing this information makes it easier to draft a will that accurately reflects what you own and how you want it distributed. Clear records also speed up administration for the person you appoint to manage your estate.
Life changes such as marriage, divorce, birth of children or grandchildren, relocation, changes in asset values, and evolving family relationships may require updates to your will. Make it a practice to review your estate plan after major life events and at regular intervals to ensure beneficiaries, guardians, and instructions remain appropriate. Regular reviews also ensure that your plan reflects current law and that account titles and beneficiary designations remain aligned with the terms of your will. Keeping documents current prevents unintended outcomes and aligns your plan with your priorities over time.
A will provides a formal, legally recognized way to communicate your final wishes, helping ensure that your assets and personal belongings pass to the individuals or organizations you choose. Preparing a will allows you to name an administrator who will carry out your directions, to appoint guardians for minor children, and to address special distributions or charitable bequests. For many families, a will prevents the uncertainty that can arise when someone dies without documented instructions, allowing loved ones to follow a clear plan rather than guessing your intentions.
Using a will as part of an estate plan can also simplify post-death administration for those you leave behind by providing the court with direct instructions. A will can be paired with other documents such as powers of attorney, health care directives, and trusts to address incapacity as well as asset transfer. Taking these steps can reduce conflict, minimize administrative delays, and protect the financial well-being of heirs. Many clients find that a well-drafted will gives them peace of mind and provides a practical roadmap for their family.
Common circumstances that prompt people to draft or update a will include the birth of children, changes in marital status, acquisition or sale of significant property, the need to provide for dependents with special needs, and revisions to beneficiary designations on retirement accounts. Other triggers include relocating to a different state, receiving an inheritance, or starting a business. Responding to these changes with updated estate planning documents ensures that your will remains aligned with current circumstances and that your intentions will be carried out as you expect.
If you have minor children, a will is the primary document for naming guardians who would care for them if you are no longer able to do so. Beyond naming guardians, a will can set out how funds should be managed for a child’s benefit and can direct assets into trusts to support education and living expenses. Leaving clear instructions and funding mechanisms can reduce family disagreements and make the transition smoother for children who will already be coping with loss. Regular review ensures nominations remain appropriate as your family evolves.
Owning real property, vacation homes, or multiple residences can complicate post-death transfers because real estate may require probate and transfer procedures specific to each jurisdiction. A will helps specify how real property should be distributed or sold and can coordinate with trust documents or deeds to streamline the process. Addressing title arrangements and joint ownership in the estate plan prevents surprises and reduces the likelihood of disputes among heirs. Thoughtful planning ensures that property transitions according to your objectives and with minimal administrative friction.
Personal items with sentimental value are often sources of disagreement when clear instructions are not provided. A will allows you to identify particular heirlooms and allocate them to specific people, ensuring that treasured possessions remain in the right hands. Clear descriptions and alternates help executors carry out your wishes. For items intended for multiple recipients, consider providing guidance about how sentimental objects should be handled and whether items should be appraised or sold, with proceeds distributed according to your directions.
We serve clients in Idyllwild-Pine Cove and throughout Riverside County with practical estate planning services tailored to local needs. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman operates from San Jose and assists Californians with wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and advance health care directives. Our goal is to provide clear, accessible guidance so you can make well-informed decisions about how your property and family arrangements should be handled. To arrange a conversation about your will or complete estate plan, call our office at 408-528-2827 and we will help you schedule a convenient appointment.
Clients choose our firm because we focus on clear communication, careful drafting, and practical solutions tailored to each family’s circumstances. We take time to understand family dynamics, asset structure, and the outcomes you want to achieve, then create documents that reflect those priorities. Our process emphasizes thorough preparation so that the will functions as intended and interacts smoothly with other planning tools. We aim to make the process as straightforward as possible and to provide clients with the confidence that their wishes are clearly documented.
We assist with a full range of estate planning documents that work together with a will, including revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, financial powers of attorney, advance health care directives, HIPAA authorizations, and trust certifications. For clients with business interests or complex asset holdings, we coordinate with financial advisors and accountants to align legal documents with financial plans. Our goal is to give you practical options that meet your objectives and to explain the implications of different approaches so you can make informed choices.
Our firm strives for transparent pricing and responsive service to help you complete estate planning efficiently. We guide clients through document execution, storage recommendations, and instructions to ensure that the right people know where to find important papers. If you would like to begin preparing a will or to review an existing plan, call the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman at 408-528-2827 to schedule a consultation. We will listen to your concerns and outline the steps to achieve a clear and workable plan.
Our process begins with a confidential conversation to gather information about your family, assets, and objectives. We review existing documents and suggest appropriate instruments such as a last will, revocable living trust, powers of attorney, and health care directives. After collecting details, we prepare drafts for your review and discuss any revisions that reflect your intentions. Once finalized, we guide proper execution with witnesses and notarization where appropriate and provide secure storage recommendations so that your wishes are accessible when needed.
The initial meeting focuses on understanding your priorities and collecting the facts needed to draft an effective will. We discuss family relationships, asset types, existing beneficiary designations, and any special circumstances that may affect distribution. This stage includes identifying potential executors and guardians and compiling documentation such as deeds, account statements, and insurance policies. Gathering complete and accurate information upfront allows the drafting stage to proceed more smoothly and reduces the likelihood of amendments later.
During information gathering we work with you to compile a list of assets, account titles, property deeds, retirement account beneficiaries, and any business interests. We also document existing estate planning instruments to ensure consistency across your plan. Understanding family dynamics and potential beneficiary needs helps shape appropriate provisions. Where minor children or dependents are involved, we discuss nomination of guardians and strategies for managing assets on their behalf. A thorough record reduces delays and helps produce a will that accurately reflects your intentions.
We help clients articulate goals such as providing for a spouse, protecting a child’s inheritance, supporting a charity, or addressing tax considerations. Clarifying these preferences early supports clear drafting decisions about outright gifts, trusts, contingent provisions, and alternate beneficiaries. We also consider potential contingencies and how distributions should be handled if a beneficiary predeceases you. By confirming priorities and naming alternates, the will is better prepared to address unexpected events and to ensure that your wishes persist under changing circumstances.
Once information is collected and goals are set, we draft the will and any complementary documents such as powers of attorney or advance health care directives. Drafting focuses on clear, legally effective language that aligns with California requirements and your intentions. We present drafts for your review and discuss options for distribution, trust provisions, and executor responsibilities. Revisions are made until the documents reflect your instructions accurately. Our objective is to produce documents that will be straightforward to administer and that minimize the potential for disputes.
This stage includes preparing a will that identifies beneficiaries, appoints a personal representative, and addresses guardianship if applicable. It also covers drafting supporting documents that handle incapacity, such as financial powers of attorney and advance health care directives, and ensuring that trust documents and pour-over wills are coordinated. We review each provision with you to confirm the intended meaning and to ensure consistency with beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and life insurance policies. Clear coordination reduces unintended conflicts among documents.
We explain how probate works in California, which assets are likely to be subject to probate, and strategies to reduce probate where appropriate. This includes discussion of trust funding, joint ownership, transfer-on-death designations, and beneficiary forms. We outline the procedural steps a personal representative will need to follow and the approximate timelines involved. Understanding these options helps you decide whether a will alone is sufficient or whether additional planning measures better achieve your goals for privacy, speed of transfer, and administrative simplicity.
After documents are finalized, we arrange for proper execution according to California formalities, including signing and witnessing where required. We discuss options for notarization and recommend secure storage while ensuring that key individuals know how to access the documents when necessary. We also advise on retaining duplicate copies and providing guidance to your personal representative. Finally, we recommend periodic review and updates to reflect life changes such as marriage, divorce, births, or changes in asset ownership to keep the plan current and effective.
Proper execution is essential for a will to be effective. California law sets requirements for signing and witnessing; typically the testator signs the will in the presence of at least two witnesses who also sign. Depending on circumstances, having a notary and a self-proving affidavit can simplify later probate steps by reducing the need for witnesses to appear in court. We explain these requirements, arrange witness services when necessary, and prepare any necessary affidavits to facilitate a smoother probate filing when the time comes.
Once the will is executed, we recommend secure storage such as a safe deposit box, law office retention, or a trusted personal safe while ensuring that the personal representative knows how to retrieve the document when needed. It is helpful to provide a written summary of important information and to inform key people about the existence and location of your will. Clear instructions and accessible storage reduce delays and confusion for survivors tasked with administering your estate, and periodic reminders help ensure the plan is followed.
A last will and testament primarily serves to document how you want your probate assets distributed, to name a personal representative who will manage estate administration, and to designate guardians for minor children if needed. It addresses the disposition of property that is titled in your name alone and provides the probate court with your instructions on handling debts, taxes, and distributions. A will gives a formal mechanism to express your wishes and helps the court apply them, which is particularly important when family circumstances or asset ownership require clear direction. Beyond directing distribution, a will can name trusted individuals to carry out your wishes and establish contingencies if primary appointees are unable to serve. While some assets transfer outside probate through beneficiary designations or joint ownership, a will remains crucial for any property that must pass through probate, as well as for appointing guardians and setting conditions for specific bequests. Keeping the will updated and aligned with other instruments helps ensure your primary objectives are realized.
A will is a document that takes effect after death and governs assets that pass through probate, while a revocable living trust is a separate legal arrangement that can hold title to assets during life and allow those assets to transfer outside probate at death. Trusts offer options for ongoing management of assets and may provide privacy advantages because they typically avoid the public probate record. Trusts can also contain provisions to manage distributions for minor or dependent beneficiaries over time rather than as a single lump sum. Choosing between a will and a trust depends on factors like the type and location of assets, your goals for privacy, and whether you want to avoid probate administration. Many individuals use both instruments together, employing a pour-over will to capture any property not transferred into a trust during life and to ensure it ultimately benefits from the trust structure. Reviewing titles and beneficiary designations alongside a will or trust is essential to achieve intended outcomes.
Yes, you can and generally should name a guardian for minor children in your will to ensure that someone you trust will care for them if you are unable to do so. The nomination provides the court with your preferred guardian choice and any alternate nominations. It is also important to discuss the role with the person you propose to name to confirm they are willing and able to take on the responsibility, and to consider the guardian’s ability to provide a stable environment for the child. In addition to naming a guardian, you may use the will to direct how funds should be managed for the child’s benefit, such as through a trust or by appointing a responsible person to oversee distributions. Providing clear guidance in the will and coordinating it with other planning documents reduces ambiguity for the court and for your family, and helps ensure that your children’s financial and caregiving needs are addressed.
If you die without a valid will in California, your estate will be distributed according to state intestacy laws. These rules allocate assets to relatives based on a statutory order of priority, which may not reflect your personal wishes. For instance, your property could pass entirely to a spouse, be divided among children, or be distributed to more distant relatives depending on your family structure. The court will also appoint an administrator to handle estate matters, rather than following your personal choice of an executor. Dying intestate can lead to outcomes that create confusion or conflict among survivors, particularly if there are blended family relationships or specific bequests you would have wanted to make. Preparing a will allows you to retain control over both distribution and appointments, helping to avoid default rules and to provide clear instructions for guardianship, special gifts, and the management of your estate after death.
It is advisable to review and update your will after major life events, including marriage, divorce, birth or adoption of children or grandchildren, significant changes in assets, or relocation to another state. These events can change how you want property distributed or who you prefer to appoint as personal representative or guardian. Regular review every few years also helps ensure that beneficiary designations, account titles, and trusts remain aligned with the will and that the language still reflects your priorities. Even if nothing significant has changed, periodic review is prudent because laws and procedures evolve over time. Updating the will when necessary helps avoid unintended results, such as outdated beneficiary names or provisions that no longer match your current wishes. Keeping documents current simplifies administration and reduces the chance of disputes among heirs.
Yes, you can change your will after signing it by creating a new will or by executing a codicil, which is an amendment to the existing will. When preparing a new will, it is important to include language that revokes prior wills to avoid confusion. Changes may be needed when you experience events such as marriage, divorce, births, deaths, or substantial changes in assets. Proper execution of any amendment according to state law is necessary to ensure it will be recognized by the court. Because changes can have unintended consequences if documents are not coordinated, it is wise to review all related documents when amending a will. Confirm that beneficiary designations, account titles, and any trust funding are consistent with the revised will. Clear communication and careful drafting minimize misunderstandings and help ensure that your updated instructions will be followed.
Not all assets pass through probate, so a will will not avoid probate for assets that are already arranged to transfer by other means. Accounts with valid beneficiary designations, assets held jointly with rights of survivorship, and property held in a trust generally pass outside probate. A will governs distribution only of assets that remain in your individual name and require probate administration. Understanding which assets will be subject to probate is a key part of planning to limit court involvement when that is a priority. If avoiding probate is important to you, consider strategies such as funding a revocable living trust, updating beneficiary designations, and retitling property where appropriate. Coordinating these actions with a will creates a comprehensive plan that addresses both probate and non-probate assets. Proper coordination reduces administrative delays and streamlines the transfer process for your heirs.
When choosing an executor or personal representative, consider someone who is organized, honest, and capable of handling financial and administrative tasks. This person will be responsible for managing estate affairs, notifying beneficiaries, handling creditor claims, filing necessary court papers, and distributing assets according to the will. Picking someone who understands your family dynamics and who can work cooperatively with other heirs helps reduce potential conflicts during administration. It is also sensible to name an alternate in case the primary appointee is unwilling or unable to serve when needed. You may select a trusted family member, close friend, or a professional fiduciary depending on the complexity of the estate and the skills required. Discuss the role with the nominee in advance to ensure they are prepared to accept the responsibilities. Clear written instructions and a well-organized record of assets will assist the personal representative in carrying out their duties effectively.
Documents that commonly accompany a will include a revocable living trust if you have one, financial powers of attorney to handle affairs if you become incapacitated, an advance health care directive expressing your medical care preferences, HIPAA authorization for medical information access, and beneficiary designation forms for retirement accounts and life insurance policies. Deeds, account statements, and contact information for financial advisors and accountants are also useful. Together these documents form a coordinated plan that addresses disposition of assets and decision-making in the event of incapacity or death. Providing an organized binder or secure digital file with key documents and a summary of important account numbers and contacts helps your personal representative and loved ones find what they need quickly. Sharing the location of the will and related documents with the appropriate people reduces delays and confusion, and periodic review ensures that accompanying documents remain current with your wishes.
To increase the likelihood that your wishes are followed, prepare clear, legally valid documents and coordinate titles, beneficiary designations, and trust arrangements with the terms of your will. Naming reliable people to serve as personal representative and guardians, and discussing your intentions with them in advance, helps ensure continuity. Storing documents in a secure but accessible location and letting appropriate individuals know where to find them reduces delays and uncertainty for survivors tasked with carrying out your instructions. Regularly review and update your documents to reflect life changes and to keep instructions current. Working with a qualified attorney to draft and review your will and related documents helps ensure compliance with legal formalities and that your instructions are clearly stated. Clear, coordinated planning and communication provide the best chance that your wishes will be respected and implemented as you intended.
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