A Financial Power of Attorney is a foundational estate planning document that lets you name a trusted person to manage your financial affairs if you cannot do so yourself. In Norco and throughout Riverside County, creating this document with clear language helps protect your assets, pay bills, and manage investments without court intervention. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides practical guidance on drafting a durable and tailored Financial Power of Attorney that coordinates with your Revocable Living Trust, Last Will and Testament, and other estate planning documents. This process reduces uncertainty and keeps financial decisions under the control of someone you trust.
Deciding who will act as your agent under a Financial Power of Attorney involves careful consideration of trust, availability, and financial judgment. Our approach focuses on helping you articulate the authority granted, set any limitations, and include successor agents to ensure continuity. A well-drafted Financial Power of Attorney is particularly useful for individuals with retirement accounts, business interests, or complex assets like real estate and investment portfolios. From initial consultations to final document signing, we ensure the Financial Power of Attorney complements other estate planning tools, such as healthcare directives and guardianship nominations, so your affairs remain organized and effective when needed.
A Financial Power of Attorney provides immediate practical benefits by designating someone to manage your finances during temporary illnesses, extended travel, or progressive incapacity. It helps avoid delays caused by court-appointed conservatorships and allows trusted decision-making over banking, real estate transactions, tax filings, and retirement accounts. When integrated with a Revocable Living Trust and Pour-Over Will, a Financial Power of Attorney ensures that daily financial tasks are handled while long-term asset distribution follows your estate plan. This document also enables efficient responses to unexpected events, protecting your credit, property, and family finances through proactive delegation of authority.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients throughout California from a foundation of practical estate planning services. Our team guides clients through creating Financial Powers of Attorney, Revocable Living Trusts, Last Wills, and related documents such as HIPAA Authorizations and Certification of Trusts. We emphasize clear options, plain language documents, and strategies that reflect each client’s family dynamics and asset structure. Communication is straightforward and client-focused, with attention to protecting financial control and minimizing future disputes. Our goal is to provide peace of mind through comprehensive planning that fits each client’s needs and circumstances.
A Financial Power of Attorney grants another person, called an agent or attorney-in-fact under California law, the authority to act on your financial behalf. This authority can be broad or limited, depending on how you draft the document. You may allow the agent to handle everyday banking, bill payments, tax matters, real estate transactions, and business operations. Selecting clear start and end conditions within the document helps ensure it functions as you intend. The document can be durable, remaining effective if you become incapacitated, or springing, taking effect only upon a specified event such as a physician’s declaration of incapacity.
Creating a Financial Power of Attorney involves decisions about the agent’s scope of authority, whether successors are named, and how the document interacts with other estate planning instruments. It is important to consider limitations such as prohibiting sale of certain property or requiring dual signatures for major transactions. You should also think about safeguards, including requiring regular accountings or appointing co-agents to share responsibilities. Properly drafted, the Financial Power of Attorney can operate smoothly in coordination with trusts, wills, health care directives, and guardianship nominations to protect your finances and ensure continuity of management when circumstances change.
A Financial Power of Attorney is a legal instrument that appoints an agent to take financial actions on your behalf. Actions commonly authorized include managing bank accounts, paying bills, filing taxes, managing retirement accounts, and conducting real estate transactions. The document may also grant authority to manage business interests, access safe deposit boxes, and obtain financial records. You can outline clear powers and restrictions to align with your goals, and include successor agents to step in if the primary agent is unable or unwilling to serve. This flexibility makes the Financial Power of Attorney a versatile tool for maintaining financial stability through life changes.
Key elements of a Financial Power of Attorney include naming the principal and agent, defining the powers granted, specifying effective dates, and listing any restrictions or successor agents. The signing process often requires notarization and witness statements to meet California legal requirements, and some institutions may have additional forms or verification steps. We recommend reviewing existing account beneficiary designations and trust provisions to prevent conflicts. Properly executed documents are stored with your estate plan and accessible when needed. Regular reviews ensure the document remains aligned with changing family circumstances, asset portfolios, and legal developments.
Understanding common terms helps you make informed choices when drafting a Financial Power of Attorney. This glossary covers words you will encounter, such as agent, principal, durable, springing, power limits, successor agent, and notarization. Each term has practical implications for how authority is exercised and how easily institutions will accept the document. Knowing these definitions reduces confusion when coordinating the Financial Power of Attorney with a Revocable Living Trust, Last Will and Testament, and healthcare directives. Clear definitions also help you communicate expectations to the person you intend to appoint as your agent.
The agent, sometimes called the attorney-in-fact, is the individual you appoint to act on your financial behalf. This person has the authority you define in the document to manage accounts, make payments, handle investments, and perform other financial tasks. Choosing an agent involves considering trustworthiness, financial competence, and willingness to serve. You can name a primary agent and one or more successors to ensure continuity. The agent has fiduciary-like duties to act in your best interest, follow your instructions, and keep clear records of actions taken on your behalf.
A durable Financial Power of Attorney remains effective if you become incapacitated, allowing continuous management of your finances without court involvement. A springing power becomes effective only after a specified event, usually a medical determination of incapacity. Both forms have uses depending on personal preferences and comfort with an agent acting in various circumstances. Durability provides seamless authority during incapacity, while springing powers can provide an added layer of control by requiring proof before activation. It is important to draft these features carefully to avoid delays when timely decisions are needed.
The principal is the person who creates the Financial Power of Attorney and grants authority to an agent. Naming a successor agent provides a backup decision-maker if the primary agent is unable or unwilling to act. Successor agents ensure that financial management continues without interruption. When selecting successors, consider availability, geographic location, and ability to coordinate with other decision-makers such as trustees or family members. Clear succession provisions reduce the likelihood of disputes and future court involvement.
The scope of authority specifies what the agent can and cannot do. You may grant broad authority for general financial management or tailor the powers to allow only specific tasks such as paying bills, managing investments, or handling a business. Limitations can be added to protect certain assets, require co-signatures for large transactions, or mandate periodic reporting. Well-defined scope and limitations help prevent misunderstandings and provide clear guidance to financial institutions, which can make it easier to carry out your intentions when the agent is called upon.
A Financial Power of Attorney serves a different role than a trust or will, and understanding these differences helps you create a cohesive estate plan. A revocable trust manages asset distribution and can avoid probate, while a will provides instructions for asset distribution at death. The Financial Power of Attorney operates during life to manage finances and can work alongside a trust by covering day-to-day needs before trust administration begins. Together with advance health care directives and guardianship nominations, these documents form a complete plan to address both financial and personal decision-making across various life stages.
A limited Financial Power of Attorney is appropriate when you need to authorize another person to handle a defined transaction or set of tasks for a specified timeframe. Examples include authorizing sale of a single property, handling a tax matter, completing a banking transaction while you are traveling, or arranging a one-time business closing. This approach provides focused authority for the task at hand without granting broad control over other assets. Clear start and end dates, and precise descriptions of permitted actions, help ensure the limited power functions as intended and avoids unintended long-term authority.
When you expect a short-term absence due to travel, medical treatment, or temporary incapacity, a limited Financial Power of Attorney can delegate necessary responsibilities without creating an ongoing relationship. This allows a trusted person to pay bills, manage a property closing, or oversee business operations during your absence. The limited scope reduces complexity and can be tailored with conditions such as requiring account statements or restricting certain financial activities. Such clarity protects you while providing practical help for day-to-day or transactional needs.
When your financial life includes multiple properties, retirement accounts, business interests, or blended family considerations, a comprehensive plan is often the best way to avoid conflicts and ensure seamless management. Integrating Financial Powers of Attorney with trusts, wills, and beneficiary designations helps coordinate transitions and reduce the risk of unintended outcomes. A comprehensive approach also includes reviewing tax implications, succession planning for business interests, and provisions for long-term care funding. Thoughtfully combining documents creates a unified strategy that supports your goals and protects those you care about.
A thorough estate plan minimizes the likelihood that family members will need to pursue court-ordered conservatorships or other interventions to manage your affairs. By naming agents, successors, and trustees, and by providing clear instructions for financial and healthcare decisions, you reduce administrative delays and legal costs. This planning also eases the burden on loved ones during stressful times by providing clear direction. Comprehensive planning anticipates common contingencies and helps preserve privacy and continuity in managing assets and personal care preferences.
A comprehensive estate planning approach aligns your Financial Power of Attorney with trusts, wills, and healthcare documents so decisions are coherent and effective. It helps protect assets, ensures liquidity to pay expenses, and limits family conflict by setting out clear roles and responsibilities. Coordinated planning can also address tax considerations and beneficiary coordination to help maintain the value of your estate. By considering both short-term financial management and long-term distribution, you create a plan that is resilient to life changes and supports the people you want to protect.
Additionally, comprehensive planning often includes regular review and updates to reflect changes in relationships, asset composition, and legal rules. This ongoing attention reduces the risk that documents become outdated or inconsistent with one another. Clear documentation of powers and limitations makes it easier for banks, brokerages, and other institutions to accept agent authority when needed. Overall, a coordinated estate plan brings clarity and predictability, ensuring your financial affairs are managed as you intend during life and that your legacy is distributed according to your wishes after death.
A comprehensive plan ensures financial matters continue without interruption if you are incapacitated or temporarily unavailable. With a properly drafted Financial Power of Attorney and successor arrangements, bills get paid, assets are safeguarded, and business decisions can proceed. This continuity protects credit scores, prevents foreclosure or missed tax filings, and maintains the operation of businesses. By coordinating these documents with your trust and will, you provide a clear and organized framework that supports dependable management of financial affairs, benefiting both you and your family during challenging times.
Clear roles and written instructions reduce misunderstandings that can lead to disputes among family members. When powers and responsibilities are documented and consistent across your estate plan, loved ones are less likely to disagree about who should act and how decisions should be made. This clarity also reduces administrative burden by streamlining interactions with financial institutions and limiting the need for court involvement. The end result is a smoother process for managing finances and distributing assets, which supports family stability and preserves resources for your intended beneficiaries.
Selecting the right agent requires thought about reliability, proximity, and financial judgment. Consider whether the person lives nearby, can reasonably handle urgent tasks, and is comfortable tracking records. Naming a successor agent adds protection if the primary agent cannot serve. You can also appoint co-agents to share duties, though this may require coordination. Discuss your expectations openly with the person you choose so they understand responsibilities and your intentions. This communication smooths the transition and reduces the chance of misunderstandings during challenging times.
Store your Financial Power of Attorney with other estate planning documents and let your agent know where to find them. Periodically review the document after major life events such as marriage, divorce, birth, or significant asset changes. Updates may be necessary to reflect shifts in relationships or financial circumstances. Keep copies with trusted family members or advisors and consider filing a copy with your bank if they accept it. Ensuring easy access and current information prevents delays and helps the agent act promptly when needed.
A Financial Power of Attorney protects your ability to manage finances without court involvement and ensures that someone you trust can act on your behalf during an illness, accident, or extended absence. It is particularly valuable when you own real estate, operate a business, have retirement accounts, or need someone to manage bills and taxes. This document gives you control over who makes financial decisions and under what circumstances, and it can be tailored to match your personal and family priorities. The planning reduces stress for loved ones by providing clear authority and continuity of financial management.
Beyond immediate convenience, a Financial Power of Attorney helps preserve your financial affairs from mismanagement and unnecessary legal procedures. Without it, family members might need to seek court appointment to manage your finances, a process that is time-consuming and costly. Creating this document as part of a broader estate planning effort, alongside trusts and healthcare directives, forms a resilient plan that addresses both daily financial needs and long-term goals. Taking these steps now reduces uncertainty and protects your interests across life’s unpredictable events.
Many people benefit from a Financial Power of Attorney when facing foreseeable events such as major surgeries, long trips, new business ventures, or aging-related concerns. It is also useful for families managing care for older relatives, addressing sudden incapacity, or coordinating complex financial affairs like multiple properties or investment accounts. Individuals with young children may pair this with guardianship nominations and trusts to ensure both financial and personal care continuity. Planning ahead ensures that proper authority is in place before any emergency arises, reducing disruption and protecting assets.
As people age, managing finances can become more difficult due to health decline or cognitive changes. A Financial Power of Attorney allows a trusted person to manage day-to-day finances, pay care providers, and make decisions about housing or long-term care arrangements. This planning helps avoid delays in paying for services and provides a practical mechanism to address financial issues without involving the court. When combined with other estate planning documents, it ensures a coordinated approach to managing both financial needs and health care preferences over time.
Temporary incapacity due to an accident or medical procedure, or extended absence for work or travel, can interrupt financial responsibilities. A Financial Power of Attorney allows a designated person to pay bills, manage accounts, and keep investments on track while you are unavailable. This avoids late payments, penalties, or missed business opportunities and maintains financial stability. Thoughtful drafting limits the agent’s powers to what is necessary and provides oversight mechanisms, such as requiring periodic reporting, to maintain accountability during the temporary arrangement.
Individuals with multiple properties, investment portfolios, or business interests often require someone empowered to act promptly when decisions arise. A Financial Power of Attorney can enable a trusted agent to handle property closings, manage rental properties, or sign business documents. Naming a successor and coordinating with corporate documents and trusts helps ensure continuity of operations and protection of assets. Careful documentation prevents gaps in management and provides a clear path for handling complex transactions and unforeseen events without disruption.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients in Norco and Riverside County with practical estate planning services focused on Financial Powers of Attorney and related documents. We guide clients through selecting agents, defining powers, and ensuring documents meet California requirements for acceptance by banks and other institutions. Our approach emphasizes clarity and forward planning to avoid unnecessary court involvement and to protect both finances and family relationships. If you need a Financial Power of Attorney or want to review existing documents, we provide straightforward advice and careful drafting to match your needs.
Choosing the right legal partner for estate planning means working with a firm that understands practical implications and institution acceptance considerations. We focus on drafting documents that are clear, durable, and consistent with your broader estate plan including trusts, wills, and healthcare directives. Our services include advising on agent selection, drafting successor provisions, and explaining how the Financial Power of Attorney coordinates with existing beneficiary designations and trust arrangements. This careful attention helps ensure your documents function as intended when they are needed most.
We take care to explain options such as durable versus springing powers, limitations, co-agent arrangements, and safeguards like requiring periodic reports or dual signatures for significant transactions. We also assist with notarization and witnessing requirements so the documents will be accepted by banks and other institutions. Our goal is to provide practical, clear documents that reduce friction and help maintain financial continuity. We prioritize communication and responsiveness so you and your family are prepared when decisions must be made on your behalf.
When working with us, you can expect a collaborative process that begins with a detailed review of your assets, family dynamics, and long-term goals. We help integrate the Financial Power of Attorney into a balanced estate plan that may include a Revocable Living Trust, Pour-Over Will, and Health Care Directive. We also provide guidance on storage, disclosure to institutions, and periodic reviews to keep your documents current. This practical planning approach protects your interests and supports a smooth transition of financial management as needed.
Our process begins with a consultation to understand your financial picture, family relationships, and goals. We identify which powers you should grant, whether the document should be durable or springing, and whether successor agents are needed. After drafting, we review the document with you to ensure clarity and accuracy. We arrange for proper execution, including notarization and witnessing as required under California law, and advise on institution-specific requirements. Finally, we provide guidance on storing the document and notifying relevant parties so the agent can act when necessary.
During the initial meeting, we gather information about your assets, financial responsibilities, family structure, and any business interests. We discuss who you trust to act, how broad their powers should be, and any limitations you want to impose. This stage includes planning for successor agents and coordination with other estate planning documents. We also address practical matters such as banking institution requirements and potential tax or legal considerations so the document functions smoothly when used.
We review existing estate planning documents, beneficiary designations, trust provisions, and account titles to identify potential conflicts and ensure consistency. Understanding the full financial picture helps us draft a Financial Power of Attorney that complements other planning tools and reduces risk of ambiguity. This review also highlights any accounts or assets requiring special attention or separate authorization, such as business interests or retirement accounts, and allows us to prepare clear language for the agent’s authority.
We discuss the qualities to look for in an agent, including availability, reliability, and financial judgment. You may choose a family member, trusted friend, or professional fiduciary and name successors to provide continuity. We also discuss safeguards like requiring co-agents or specifying review periods. Clear documentation of your choice and the reasons behind limitations can reduce future disputes and ensure your intentions are respected when the document is used.
After planning, we prepare a draft of the Financial Power of Attorney tailored to your objectives and review it with you to confirm each provision. This stage ensures the document uses clear, enforceable language and includes your chosen limitations and successor designations. We also prepare any ancillary documents needed for acceptance by banks or for coordinating with a trust. Revisions are made until you are satisfied, and we explain how the document will be executed and stored for future use.
We craft language that reflects whether the power is durable, continuing through incapacity, or springing, activating upon a specified event. The drafting also addresses specific powers you want to grant and any limitations you impose. This careful wording reduces the likelihood of institutional refusal and clarifies expectations for the agent. We also include successor provisions and instructions for how the agent should document actions to maintain accountability and protect the principal’s interests.
We ensure the Financial Power of Attorney aligns with your Revocable Living Trust, Pour-Over Will, HIPAA Authorization, and Advance Health Care Directive so there are no conflicting instructions. This coordination helps manage both financial and personal decisions consistently. If changes to other documents are recommended to achieve harmony across your estate plan, we provide clear suggestions and draft any necessary amendments. A coordinated plan reduces confusion and supports predictable administration if the agent needs to act.
The final step is proper execution of the document according to California requirements, which typically includes signing, notarization, and witness statements as applicable. We guide you through the signing process and provide certified copies for use with banks and other institutions. Proper recordkeeping and distribution of copies to the agent and trusted family members reduce delays when the power is invoked. We also recommend periodic reviews and updates to keep the document aligned with your current circumstances and wishes.
Notarization and witness requirements vary depending on the document and institution, so we handle the logistics to ensure acceptance. We arrange for a notary and explain which signers should be present to satisfy legal requirements. Some banks require additional institution-specific forms or verifications, and we assist in preparing those materials. Ensuring correct execution reduces the risk of rejection and helps the agent act promptly when necessary.
After execution, we recommend storing the original document in a safe but accessible place and providing certified copies to the agent and trusted family members. Periodic review is important after major life events or changes in assets. Updating your Financial Power of Attorney as circumstances evolve ensures the document continues to reflect your intentions and legal requirements. Maintaining a consolidated estate planning portfolio simplifies access and reduces delay when decisive actions are needed.
A Financial Power of Attorney grants the agent the authority you specify to manage financial matters on your behalf. Typical powers include accessing bank accounts, paying bills, handling investments, filing taxes, managing real estate transactions, and overseeing business affairs. You can draft the document to be broad, allowing general financial management, or narrow, limiting authority to certain accounts or transactions. The document should clearly outline the agent’s responsibilities and any prohibitions, which reduces uncertainty and helps institutions accept the authority when it is presented. These powers take effect under the conditions you set. If the document is durable, it continues during incapacity so the agent can act immediately when you cannot. If it is springing, it becomes effective only after a stated event such as a physician’s declaration. Naming successor agents and adding clear instructions helps maintain continuity if the primary agent is unavailable. Proper drafting and storage ensure the agent can act efficiently and responsibly when needed.
Choosing an agent involves evaluating trustworthiness, availability, and financial judgment. Typically people select a spouse, adult child, close friend, or trusted advisor who can manage responsibilities reliably and who is willing to serve. Proximity can matter if physical presence is needed for certain transactions, and the person should be able to communicate confidently with financial institutions. Discussing expectations and reviewing how they would handle real-life scenarios helps ensure comfort with the selection. It is also prudent to name one or more successor agents in case the primary agent cannot serve. Some principals prefer co-agents who act together, while others prefer a single trusted agent with successors. Consider whether safeguards such as periodic reporting or dual signatures for large transactions are appropriate. These measures help protect your interests while providing practical continuity for managing finances.
A durable Financial Power of Attorney remains effective if you become incapacitated, allowing your chosen agent to manage finances without court involvement. This continuity helps avoid delays in paying bills, maintaining investments, or managing property during periods when you cannot act. A durable document is often recommended for those planning for long-term continuity, as it reduces the need for emergency court proceedings to appoint a conservator. A springing Financial Power of Attorney becomes effective only after a specified event, usually a medical determination of incapacity. This approach provides additional control by requiring proof before the agent can act, but it can also cause delays if institutional acceptance or medical verification is slow. The choice between durable and springing instruments depends on personal comfort with immediate agent authority versus a desire for activation only upon clear incapacity.
Yes, a Financial Power of Attorney can be revoked or amended as long as the principal has the legal capacity to do so. Revocation typically requires signed written notice and may need to be provided to the agent and any institutions relying on the document. Replacing the document with a new one that explicitly revokes prior versions is often the most reliable method. When changes occur, distribute updated copies to banks, brokers, and other relevant parties to avoid conflicting documents being presented. It is important to keep records of revocations and updated documents to prevent the old document from being used inadvertently. After major life events—marriage, divorce, moving, changes in assets, or the death of a named agent—you should review and, if necessary, revise your Financial Power of Attorney. Proper notification and documentation help ensure your current intentions are recognized and followed.
Many banks and financial institutions accept properly executed Financial Powers of Attorney, but acceptance can vary by institution. Some banks have their own forms or require verification steps before allowing an agent to access accounts or make transactions. Presenting a clearly drafted, notarized document and providing certified copies often facilitates acceptance. It can also help to contact institutions in advance to confirm their requirements and to bring any additional forms they request at the time of presentation. Institutions may require identification and may require the agent to complete institution-specific paperwork. Working with a legal advisor familiar with local practices can increase the likelihood of smooth acceptance. We assist clients in preparing documents and coordinating with banks or brokerages so the agent can act without unnecessary delay when the time comes.
A Financial Power of Attorney and a Revocable Living Trust perform different functions but should work together. The trust holds assets that you transfer into it for management and distribution, while the Financial Power of Attorney authorizes someone to manage assets that remain in your name during your life. If you fund a trust, the trustee manages trust assets according to the trust terms, while the agent handles non-trust property and day-to-day financial tasks. Coordinating these documents prevents gaps and conflicts. For example, a Pour-Over Will can move assets into the trust at death, while the Financial Power of Attorney handles affairs during life. Regular review ensures asset titles, beneficiary designations, and trust provisions align with your intentions and avoid unintended consequences for beneficiaries or appointed fiduciaries.
Naming successor agents provides a backup plan if the primary agent cannot or will not serve. Successor agents ensure continuity of financial management without court involvement and can be vital when the primary agent is unavailable due to illness, travel, or conflicts of interest. It is wise to name one or more successors and to specify the order in which they should serve. Successors should be informed of their potential role and where the document is stored so they can step in smoothly if necessary. Co-agents can also be appointed to act jointly, though this arrangement may require coordination and can be impractical if the co-agents live far apart or disagree. Some people prefer alternating or sequential authority instead. Consider the practicality of any co-agent arrangement and the potential need for oversight measures such as requiring joint signatures or periodic accounting to protect your interests.
Safeguards you can include in a Financial Power of Attorney include limiting the scope of authority to specific assets or transactions, requiring co-signatures for large disbursements, and mandating periodic accounting or reporting to a third party. You may also require the agent to obtain consent from another named person for certain decisions. These provisions help protect against misuse while still allowing necessary actions to be taken on your behalf. Clear, written limitations reduce ambiguity and provide guidance to financial institutions when the agent presents the document. Other practical protections include naming successors, setting specific effective dates or triggering events, and requiring the agent to post bond if needed. Keeping records of agent actions and maintaining oversight through regular account statements or independent reviews further protect your interests. Combining legal safeguards with careful agent selection and communication creates a more reliable framework for financial management.
Review your Financial Power of Attorney after major life changes such as marriage, divorce, the birth of a child, the death of a named agent, moving to a new state, or significant changes in your assets or business interests. These events can alter who should serve as agent or what powers are appropriate. Regular reviews every few years also ensure the document complies with current legal requirements and institutional expectations. Updating documents proactively prevents conflicts and ensures that your instructions remain effective and relevant. If you change your mind about who should act as agent or about the powers granted, you should execute a new document that revokes prior versions and notify institutions and agents of the change. Keeping copies of the new document and confirming receipt with banks and account custodians reduces the risk that an outdated document will be used. Periodic reviews provide peace of mind that your planning remains aligned with your goals.
To begin creating a Financial Power of Attorney in Norco, start by gathering information about your assets, account types, and the people you are considering as agents. Think about the extent of authority you want to grant, and whether the power should be durable or springing. Consider naming successor agents and determining any limits or oversight measures you want included. Preparing this information ahead of a consultation makes the drafting process more efficient and ensures your document reflects your priorities. Contact the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman to schedule a consultation to review your options and draft a document that fits your needs. We assist with drafting, explain notarization and witnessing requirements, and help coordinate with banks or other institutions. With careful planning and execution, your Financial Power of Attorney will be ready to provide continuity and protection for your financial affairs.
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