A Certification of Trust is a concise document that summarizes key terms of a living trust so third parties can confirm the trust’s existence and the authority of its trustee without reviewing the entire trust instrument. For Highland residents, this document often simplifies interactions with banks, title companies, and other institutions that need proof of fiduciary authority. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman helps clients prepare a clear Certification of Trust that reflects the trust’s essential provisions while protecting sensitive details. Proper preparation reduces friction when managing trust assets and facilitates routine transactions on behalf of the trust.
Many people find that presenting a full trust document to financial institutions or property title companies is unnecessary and exposes private financial or family information. A Certification of Trust provides a practical alternative by stating only the information that institutions typically require, such as the trust name, date, trustee powers, and whether the trust is revocable. This streamlines processes like transferring property into or out of the trust, accessing accounts, and satisfying lenders or escrow agents while helping to preserve privacy and minimize administrative delays for the grantor and trustees alike.
A well-drafted Certification of Trust brings multiple benefits. It reduces administrative barriers by providing third parties with a focused summary of the trust’s authority and relevant provisions, which can prevent unnecessary inquiries or requests for the full trust. This can speed transactions and reduce stress for trustees who are administering trust assets. Additionally, because the certification omits sensitive beneficiary information, it helps protect family privacy. For trustees and financial institutions in Highland, having a clear certification on hand can avoid delays in property transfers, account access, and closing other estate-related matters.
At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, our practice focuses on practical, client-centered estate planning solutions for California residents. We assist clients in preparing trust documents and related instruments such as Certifications of Trust, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives that fit each family’s objectives. We emphasize clear communication, careful document drafting, and proactive planning to minimize future disputes and administrative burdens. Our approach is to provide thorough guidance on how the Certification of Trust works within a broader estate plan, so trustees and beneficiaries understand what to expect when administering trust assets.
A Certification of Trust is intended to be a practical summary rather than a full replacement for the trust instrument. It typically identifies the trust by name and date, states whether the trust is revocable, names the current trustee(s), and confirms that certain powers are granted to the trustee without reciting all trust provisions. Preparing this document requires careful attention to detail to ensure the statements are accurate and consistent with the trust. Inaccurate or incomplete certifications can lead to delays or refusal by institutions, so precise drafting and verification of trustee identities and signatures are important steps in the process.
When preparing a Certification of Trust, practitioners must balance providing enough information for institutions to rely on with protecting beneficiaries’ privacy by excluding unnecessary details. The certification should include only the minimum information required for third parties to accept the trustee’s authority. Institutions such as banks or title companies have different acceptance policies, so sometimes minor adjustments are needed to satisfy a particular entity’s requirements while maintaining the integrity of the trust. Working through potential points of friction in advance can prevent added time and expense during trust administration.
A Certification of Trust typically includes the trust’s name and date, a statement confirming the trustee’s authority, a declaration of whether the trust remains revocable, and a summary of key powers granted to the trustee, such as the ability to manage and transfer assets. It intentionally excludes detailed beneficiary designations, specific asset lists, and private provisions that are not necessary for third-party verification. That selective disclosure helps protect privacy while giving institutions confidence to act on the trustee’s behalf. The document is often accompanied by trustee signature blocks and, where required, a notary acknowledgment to satisfy institutional requirements.
Preparing a Certification of Trust involves confirming the current trustee(s), verifying the trust’s date and material terms, and drafting a concise certificate that accurately reflects the trust’s authority without revealing private beneficiary details. The process commonly includes reviewing the trust instrument, identifying which powers and clauses are relevant to third-party transactions, and tailoring the certification to meet institutional expectations. After drafting, the trustee signs the certification, often in the presence of a notary, and then presents it to banks, title companies, or escrow agents as needed. Proper follow-through ensures smoother administration of trust property and accounts.
Understanding common terms makes it easier to interpret and use a Certification of Trust. Terms such as trustee, grantor, revocable trust, irrevocable trust, trustee powers, pour-over will, and trust date are commonly referenced. Knowing what these terms mean helps trustees and institutions determine whether the certification contains sufficient information for a given transaction. This glossary section provides straightforward definitions and context so Highland residents can better understand how each term relates to trust administration and why certain details are included in the certification while others remain confidential within the full trust document.
A trustee is the person or entity authorized by a trust instrument to manage trust property and carry out the trust’s terms. The trustee holds legal title to trust assets and has duties to manage those assets prudently for the benefit of the beneficiaries. A Certification of Trust often identifies the current trustee to allow third parties to accept the trustee’s authority to act. Trustees may be individuals, banks, or trust companies, and the document will typically include instructions for verifying the trustee’s identity and signature in order to complete financial transactions or property transfers on behalf of the trust.
The grantor, sometimes called the settlor, is the person who created the trust by transferring property into it and setting the trust’s terms. The grantor’s intentions, expressed in the trust instrument, determine the distribution plan and powers granted to trustees. While the Certification of Trust will identify the trust and often the signature authority, it does not usually recount the grantor’s personal or financial details. Knowing the role of the grantor helps third parties understand why the trustee is authorized to act and why certain items are intentionally left out of the certification to protect confidentiality.
A revocable trust is a trust that the grantor can modify or revoke during their lifetime, giving them flexibility to update beneficiaries, trustees, or distribution terms. Because a revocable trust remains within the grantor’s control until revoked, banks and other entities often require proof of the trust’s status and the trustee’s authority through a Certification of Trust. The certification will typically state that the trust is revocable and identify who currently serves as trustee, which helps institutions determine how to handle account access and asset transfers without requiring the full trust document.
An irrevocable trust is one that the grantor generally cannot change or revoke once it is established and funded. These trusts often serve purposes such as asset protection, tax planning, or supporting long-term beneficiary needs. A Certification of Trust for an irrevocable trust will confirm the trust’s existence and identify the trustee and relevant powers, while still omitting sensitive beneficiary or asset details. For institutions handling assets held in such trusts, the certification helps confirm authority to act and carry out transactions appointed to the trustee under the trust instrument.
When deciding how to present trust authority to third parties, a Certification of Trust is often compared to producing the full trust document or providing a notarized trustee statement. The full trust provides complete transparency but risks exposing private family or financial details that institutions do not need. A certification limits disclosure to what is required to confirm authority. In some cases, institutions may still ask for additional verification, but starting with a concise certification usually strikes the best balance between privacy and functionality. Understanding trade-offs helps trustees choose the most appropriate path for each transaction.
A Certification of Trust is usually sufficient for many routine banking and investment account transactions, such as changing account titles, signing routine checks, or updating beneficiary contact information. Financial institutions often accept a concise certificate confirming trustee authority and the trust’s basic status without asking to inspect the entire trust instrument. Using a certification in these circumstances reduces exposure of private details while enabling trustees to manage day-to-day financial matters efficiently. Preparing a well-drafted certification in advance can smooth routine interactions and reduce administrative burdens for trustees.
For transfers of real property into or out of a trust, escrow officers and title companies often accept a Certification of Trust that confirms who may sign documents on behalf of the trust and whether the trust is revocable. By providing a certification instead of the full trust, trustees can complete closings without disclosing beneficiary provisions or other private terms. Although some institutions may request additional confirmation, a properly prepared certification frequently satisfies title and escrow requirements, enabling smoother closings and fewer delays during property transactions.
There are situations where a Certification of Trust alone may not suffice, such as when title discrepancies exist, when a third party questions the scope of trustee powers, or where complex beneficiary interests are at issue. In those circumstances, a more comprehensive review of the trust and related documents may be necessary to resolve uncertainties and provide the assurance institutions require. Addressing these complexities can involve preparing supplemental documentation or clarifications to ensure trustees can complete transactions without ongoing disputes or repeated documentation requests.
When there are disagreements among beneficiaries or potential challenges to trustee authority, relying solely on a Certification of Trust could lead to contested transactions or refusals by institutions. In such cases, it may be necessary to examine the full trust, consider trust amendments or court filings, and coordinate communication with financial institutions and title companies to resolve disputes. A careful approach that documents authority and addresses concerns can prevent transaction halts and help trustees carry out their duties while minimizing the risk of later legal complications.
Taking a thorough approach to preparing a Certification of Trust and any related supporting documents helps prevent avoidable delays and misunderstandings. By carefully reviewing trust provisions, verifying trustee identities, and anticipating the documentation requirements of banks, title companies, and escrow officers, trustees can reduce friction when administering assets. This proactive preparation supports continuity in financial management and property transfers, clarifies the scope of authority for trustees, and preserves beneficiary privacy by limiting unnecessary disclosure of trust contents while still providing institutions with the information they need.
A comprehensive approach also provides peace of mind to trustees and beneficiaries by ensuring documentation is accurate and acceptable to institutions before transactions are attempted. Addressing potential issues in advance — such as outdated trustee information, signature verification, or institutional form requirements — can save time and expense. Preparing a Certification of Trust alongside associated instruments like a Certification of Trust affidavit or trustee declaration gives trustees the confidence to manage trust assets effectively and reduces the chance of repeated requests for further documentation during routine or complex transactions.
One of the primary benefits of a clear Certification of Trust is the speed with which institutions can process requests when presented with the correct information. Streamlined documentation reduces back-and-forth inquiries and minimizes hold times for account changes, transfers, and real estate closings. When trustee authority is plainly stated and properly notarized where necessary, banks and title companies can proceed confidently. This efficiency benefits all parties involved by shortening escrow timelines and reducing the frustration trustees may experience while trying to manage trust affairs on behalf of beneficiaries.
Using a Certification of Trust protects confidential details by limiting disclosure to only what third parties require to accept trustee authority. This helps keep beneficiary names, specific distributions, and other private trust provisions out of routine institutional files. Protecting sensitive information reduces the risk of unintended exposure of family or financial matters, which can be especially important for clients who prefer discretion. A well-crafted certification balances the need for institutional assurance with the right to privacy, allowing trustees to manage trust affairs without unnecessarily revealing underlying trust terms.
Before presenting a Certification of Trust, verify the current trustee names, contact information, and signature authority. Institutions will rely on the accuracy of the certificate, so confirming these details prevents unnecessary delays. If trustee appointments have changed since the trust was drafted, update the certificate to reflect current circumstances. Also ensure that any required notary acknowledgment or additional institutional form is completed to meet acceptance requirements. Taking these steps ahead of time avoids last-minute complications during closings or account transitions.
Although a Certification of Trust limits disclosure, trustees should keep the full trust document and related records in a secure location. These materials may be needed if questions arise that the certification alone cannot resolve, or if institutional policies require additional verification. Maintaining organized, accessible records enables trustees to respond to later inquiries without delay, supports transparent administration of trust assets, and preserves the legal integrity of the trust in the event of future disputes or clerical concerns.
Preparing a Certification of Trust can reduce administrative burdens, protect privacy, and speed transactions involving trust assets. When dealing with financial institutions, lenders, or title companies, a concise certificate can demonstrate trustee authority without exposing beneficiary details or the full trust provisions. This helps trustees perform their duties more efficiently and prevents unnecessary disclosure of sensitive information. For Highland residents managing property, bank accounts, or investment assets held in trust, a certification is often a practical document to have ready for routine estate administration tasks.
Another compelling reason to prepare a Certification of Trust is to avoid repeated requests for documentation when trustees are called upon to act. Having a properly drafted and signed certificate on hand helps prevent delays during account changes, property transfers, or other transactions. Additionally, the process of preparing the certification encourages review of trustee appointments, trust dates, and powers, which can reveal whether other updates or related documents — such as pour-over wills, powers of attorney, or health care directives — should be put in place as part of a comprehensive estate plan.
Common circumstances that call for a Certification of Trust include transferring real property in or out of a trust, retitling bank or investment accounts, completing escrow or closing documentation, and providing proof of trustee authority to financial institutions. It is also useful when a trustee needs to access accounts to pay bills or manage investments on behalf of beneficiaries. Preparing a certification in advance of these events helps trustees meet institutional requirements efficiently and minimizes interruptions in trust administration activities.
During real estate transactions involving trust-owned property, title companies and escrow officers frequently request verification that the trustee has authority to sign closing documents on behalf of the trust. A Certification of Trust can supply the needed confirmation without disclosing private beneficiary information. Preparing this documentation in advance improves the likelihood of a smooth closing and reduces the potential for title delays or additional demands for the complete trust instrument, streamlining the transfer process for trustees and buyers.
Banks and brokerage firms often require proof of trustee authority before allowing changes to account ownership or signing on behalf of a trust account. Presenting a clear Certification of Trust helps these institutions verify that the trustee is authorized to transact business, make distributions, or modify account details. This reduces the administrative friction involved in accessing funds or adjusting investments and ensures that trustees can manage assets in a timely manner for the benefit of the trust’s beneficiaries.
When trustees need to administer ongoing obligations such as property taxes, mortgage payments, insurance premiums, or vendor payments, institutions may request documentation confirming the trustee’s authority. A Certification of Trust often satisfies these requirements, allowing trustees to continue necessary payments and asset management without delay. Having the certificate available at the outset of estate administration helps maintain continuity in financial responsibilities and reduces the likelihood of late fees, penalties, or lapses in coverage that can affect trust property.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides local clients in Highland and surrounding communities with attentive assistance in preparing Certifications of Trust and related estate planning documents. We work to ensure certificates are accurately drafted, reflect the current status of trust administrations, and meet the documentation preferences of banks, escrow companies, and title officers. Our goal is to simplify the administrative steps trustees face while safeguarding private trust details. Clients receive clear guidance about what the certification does and does not disclose, so they can proceed with confidence when managing trust matters.
Selecting the right counsel for preparation of a Certification of Trust matters because accurate drafting reduces delays and the need for repeated documentation. Our firm emphasizes careful review of trust instruments and clear drafting of certification language to align with institutional expectations. We communicate directly with banks, title officers, or escrow companies when appropriate to confirm acceptable wording and to reduce the back-and-forth that can slow transactions. This methodical approach helps trustees complete trust administration tasks more efficiently and with less frustration.
We also help trustees understand the scope and limits of a Certification of Trust. By clarifying what information is intentionally omitted, clients can maintain privacy for beneficiaries and sensitive trust provisions. Our practice includes preparing related documents, such as pour-over wills, powers of attorney, health care directives, and trust certifications tailored to specific institutional needs. This coordinated planning ensures that trustees have the right documents in place for many common situations that arise during estate administration.
Finally, our office guides clients through the signing and acknowledgment steps often required by third parties, including notary acknowledgments and consistent trustee identification procedures. We strive to reduce friction in routine transactions and to provide trustees with practical tools and documentation that meet institutional standards. Whether the task is retitling accounts, closing an escrow matter, or proving trustee authority for ongoing account management, we focus on clear, reliable document preparation to help trustees accomplish their responsibilities.
Our process begins with a review of the existing trust documents and an interview to confirm trustee information and the specific transaction for which a certification will be used. We identify the minimal statements needed by third parties and draft concise, institution-friendly language that avoids disclosing unnecessary trust details. After client review and signature, we assist with notarization or any additional attestation required by the receiving entity. We can also communicate with banks or title companies to ensure the certificate aligns with their expectations and to prevent avoidable delays.
In the initial step, we gather the trust document, review trustee appointment clauses, and confirm relevant dates and authority. This includes identifying whether the trust is revocable and who currently serves as trustee. We also ask about the intended use of the certification, such as whether it will be presented to a bank or title company, so the language can be tailored accordingly. Gathering accurate background information at this stage reduces the chance of revisions later and ensures the certificate addresses the receiving institution’s typical concerns.
A careful review of the trust instrument helps identify the precise powers granted to the trustee, any limitations, and the trust’s creation date. We verify whether amendments or restatements exist, confirm successor trustee provisions, and note any conditions that could affect third-party reliance on the trustee’s authority. This review ensures the Certification of Trust accurately reflects the trust’s current status and avoids presenting misleading or incomplete information to banks, escrow officers, or title companies during transactions.
We assist in confirming the identity of the trustee or trustees, collecting appropriate identification details and verifying signature authority. If a trustee is an individual, we advise on the forms of identification and signature blocks institutions typically accept. If a trustee is an entity, we verify organizational authorizations and who is authorized to sign on the entity’s behalf. Ensuring the trustee’s credentials are clearly set out reduces the likelihood of institutional refusals or requests for additional documentation.
During drafting, we prepare concise language that identifies the trust, states its date, confirms trustee authority, and notes whether the trust is revocable without disclosing beneficiary or distribution details. The wording is tailored to the intended recipient to maximize acceptance, and we include signature and notary blocks as needed. Careful drafting ensures the certification contains only what is necessary for third-party reliance while protecting confidential trust information. The result is a practical document that can be presented where trustee authority must be proven.
We tailor the certificate language to meet common institutional preferences without over-disclosing the trust’s private terms. This may include specific clauses that banks or title companies typically look for when verifying trustee authority. By anticipating those expectations, the certificate is more likely to be accepted on first submission. Tailoring also prevents unnecessary revisions and streamlines closings or account changes, saving time and reducing the administrative burden on trustees during transactions.
The certification will include appropriate signature lines and notary acknowledgment where required by the receiving party. We ensure the certificate contains any attestation language that institutions commonly request so it will meet their acceptance standards. Where extra documentation or forms are typically needed, we prepare those materials as part of the package to present to banks, title officers, or escrow companies, aiming to minimize follow-up requests and to facilitate prompt transaction completion.
After drafting and execution, we help clients present the Certification of Trust to the intended institution and address any follow-up questions that may arise. If an institution requests adjustments or additional confirmation, we can help modify the wording or provide clarifying information consistent with the trust instrument. This follow-through often prevents unnecessary delays and helps trustees achieve successful outcomes in closings, account changes, or other trust administration tasks by ensuring institutions receive documentation they can rely upon.
We can communicate directly with banks, escrow officers, or title companies to confirm acceptance criteria and resolve questions about the certificate. Addressing these matters proactively avoids repeated requests and supports a smoother transaction process. Clear communication about the purpose and content of the certification helps institutions feel comfortable relying on the trustee’s authority when performing account changes or property transfers, which benefits trustees and beneficiaries alike by reducing hold times and administrative friction.
If a receiving institution requests tailored language or additional attestation, we can revise the Certification of Trust in a manner that remains consistent with the trust instrument while meeting institutional concerns. Making measured adjustments can avoid delays and repeated submissions, allowing trustees to proceed with necessary transactions. This flexibility ensures that trustees are prepared for real-world conditions when dealing with financial institutions and title companies and helps maintain momentum in the administration of trust assets.
A Certification of Trust is a concise document that confirms the existence of a trust and the authority of its trustee without disclosing the trust’s private provisions. It typically lists the trust name and date, identifies the trustee, indicates whether the trust is revocable or irrevocable, and summarizes key trustee powers relevant to third parties. Institutions often accept a certification in place of the full trust to avoid reviewing sensitive beneficiary details and to streamline routine transactions. Institutions vary in their acceptance policies, so a certification is most effective when drafted with the receiving party’s expectations in mind. Preparing the right wording and including necessary acknowledgments or notarization can increase the likelihood that banks and title companies will accept the document, reducing delays when trustees need to manage trust assets or complete closings.
Typically, the current trustee or trustees sign the Certification of Trust to confirm the statement of authority. Signature blocks often include spaces for printed names, titles if the trustee is an entity, and date lines. Many institutions also expect the signature to be notarized to verify authenticity, and some require additional attestation depending on their internal policies. Ensuring signatures are executed correctly and accompanied by proper identification reduces the chance of institutional rejection. If the trustee is an entity, a corporate officer or authorized representative should sign and provide proof of organizational authorization as required by the institution. Confirming the recipient’s requirements for identification, corporate documentation, and notarization ahead of time helps ensure the certification will be accepted without repeated requests or further verification steps.
Banks and title companies often accept a Certification of Trust instead of the full trust document, but acceptance is not universal. Some institutions have strict internal policies that may require review of the complete trust or additional verification if they are uncertain about the trustee’s authority or if unusual matters are involved. Presenting a well-drafted certification tailored to the institution’s expectations improves the likelihood of acceptance and reduces the need to disclose the full trust. When an institution requests the full trust, it is usually because there are concerns about the scope of trustee powers, potential limitations, or complexities that a simple certification cannot address. In such cases, being prepared to provide the full document or to work with the institution to resolve their questions will help move the transaction forward while ensuring trustees meet the required standards for authorization.
A Certification of Trust is designed to limit disclosure and should not reveal beneficiary details or the specific terms of distributions. Its purpose is to provide only the minimal information that third parties need to confirm trustee authority and trust status. By excluding beneficiary names and sensitive financial provisions, the certification preserves privacy while still allowing institutions to rely on trustee signatures and instructions. Maintaining confidentiality helps protect family and financial privacy, which is one of the key reasons people prefer to present a certification rather than the full trust document. If an institution insists on beneficiary information for a particular transaction, trustees can work with counsel to determine whether additional documentation or a narrow disclosure is necessary for that specific purpose while still protecting unrelated trust details.
A typical Certification of Trust will include the trust’s official name and signed date, a statement indicating whether the trust is revocable, the names of current trustee(s), and a declaration of the trustee’s power to manage trust assets and conduct transactions on behalf of the trust. It may also include a statement that the certification is not a complete copy of the trust and that the trust document itself contains additional terms. Signature blocks and notarization clauses are often included so institutions can verify the document’s authenticity. The certification intentionally omits beneficiary specifics, asset lists, and private distribution provisions unless those particulars are expressly required by a receiving institution. Including only essential information reduces exposure of private details while providing institutions with what they need to perform tasks like retitling accounts or completing an escrow closing.
A Certification of Trust complements other estate planning documents such as a pour-over will, powers of attorney, health care directives, and trust instruments by serving as a practical tool for trustees to manage trust assets. A pour-over will typically ensures assets transfer into a testamentary or living trust at death, while the certification focuses on proving trustee authority for administrative purposes. Together, these documents create a coordinated plan that addresses asset management, asset transfer at death, and decision-making during incapacity. When used in combination, the certification facilitates administrative tasks while other estate documents address distribution and health care decision rules. Ensuring that all related documents are consistent and accurately reflect the client’s wishes helps prevent conflicts and eases the administration of the estate by trustees and fiduciaries.
The full trust document may be required when there are disputes about trustee authority, when an institution needs to review specific distribution provisions, or when title or asset histories are unclear. Institutions sometimes need to see the complete trust to confirm particular limitations, contingent interests, or unusual clauses that affect their ability to act on the trustee’s instructions. In such cases, presenting the full trust helps clarify the legal basis for actions and resolves institutional concerns that a certification alone cannot address. When the full trust is requested, trustees should provide it in a controlled manner and seek guidance on redaction or limited disclosure where appropriate to protect privacy. Working with counsel can help determine what portions need to be shown and whether court filings or additional clarifications are advisable to resolve complex questions while safeguarding sensitive information.
A Certification of Trust can be used for both revocable and irrevocable trusts, but the content and institutional reception may differ depending on the trust type. For revocable trusts, the certification commonly notes the trust’s revocable status and confirms who has authority to act. For irrevocable trusts, the certification confirms the trust’s existence and the trustee’s authority, but institutions may pay closer attention to limitations or unique provisions affecting asset transfers or account management. Because institutions consider the trust type when determining acceptance criteria, it is important to tailor the certification to reflect the trust’s nature accurately. Communicating the intended use of the certificate to the recipient helps ensure that the language and any necessary attestations align with institutional policies for handling revocable versus irrevocable trust matters.
To update a Certification of Trust after a trustee change, prepare a new certification that identifies the successor trustee and the effective date of the change. The new certificate should be signed by the current trustee or successor trustee and include any necessary notarization. Institutions typically require documentation showing the change in trusteeship was made according to the trust instrument, so retaining records of appointment or resignation helps support the new certification. Promptly updating the certification when trustees change prevents confusion and reduces the risk of institutions refusing transactions due to outdated trustee information. If institutional acceptance is uncertain, providing additional attachments, such as trustee appointment forms or corporate resolutions when an entity is trustee, can accelerate acceptance of the updated certificate.
When preparing a Certification of Trust for a real estate closing, begin by confirming the trust name and date, identifying the current trustee(s), and verifying any limitations on the trustee’s power to transfer real property. Provide the certification to the escrow officer or title company with the trustee’s signature and notary acknowledgment if required. It is also helpful to ask the title company in advance about any particular language they prefer, so the certificate meets their acceptance criteria and avoids last-minute revisions that could delay closing. Additionally, ensure the trust instrument has been properly funded and that any real property intended to be transferred is listed or can be demonstrated as trust property. Coordinating with escrow and title professionals early, and preparing any additional documentation they request, helps prevent delays and facilitates a smooth closing process for all parties involved.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas