At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we help families in Fairbanks Ranch and throughout San Diego County plan for the long-term care and financial well-being of loved ones with disabilities. A Special Needs Trust is a legal tool that allows a person with disabilities to receive funds and benefits while preserving eligibility for public programs such as Medi-Cal and Supplemental Security Income. Our team provides clear explanations, practical drafting, and coordination with other estate planning documents so families can be confident that their plans protect both care and financial stability over time.
Navigating the intersection of private resources and public benefits can be complicated. We assist clients in creating trusts tailored to family goals, ensuring distributions support quality of life without jeopardizing essential benefits. From funding strategies to trustee selection and trust administration provisions, our approach emphasizes clarity, compassion, and practical solutions. Families in Fairbanks Ranch can call 408-528-2827 to discuss how to structure a Special Needs Trust that complements wills, revocable living trusts, and health care directives while addressing long-term care objectives for a loved one.
A properly drafted Special Needs Trust preserves access to public benefits while providing supplemental support for a person with disabilities. It allows family resources to be used for items and services that enhance quality of life but are not provided by government programs, such as transportation, therapies, education, or recreational activities. The trust can also provide a mechanism for managing funds responsibly when a beneficiary is not able to do so, and it gives family members peace of mind by naming trusted persons to make decisions about distributions. Thoughtful drafting helps avoid unintended loss of benefits and promotes stability for the beneficiary over the long term.
Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman is based in San Jose and serves clients across California, including Fairbanks Ranch and San Diego County. Our practice focuses on estate planning matters such as revocable living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and various trust arrangements including Special Needs Trusts and Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts. We emphasize practical planning that addresses family goals and legal realities, coordinating trust documents with healthcare directives and guardianship nominations when appropriate. Clients benefit from a steady, client-centered process that prioritizes clear communication and responsive service throughout planning and administration.
A Special Needs Trust is a legal arrangement designed to hold assets for the benefit of a person with disabilities while preserving eligibility for means-tested public benefits. The trust can be funded during a grantor’s lifetime or at death, and it must be carefully drafted to avoid direct payments that would count as income or resources under benefit program rules. Trustees manage distributions for permissible expenses that supplement but do not replace benefits. Proper funding, language, and administration are essential to maintain benefits and provide meaningful support for the beneficiary across different stages of life.
When planning, families must consider who will serve as trustee, how the trust will be funded over time, and the types of distributions that will best support the beneficiary’s needs. Coordination with other estate planning documents is important so that pour-over wills, revocable living trusts, and retirement plan designations route assets appropriately. Some trusts include provisions for a reimbursement claim by public agencies when certain benefits are paid, while others are structured to minimize potential claims against the trust. Clear drafting and ongoing trustee training help ensure the trust achieves its intended purpose.
A Special Needs Trust is a trust arrangement created to provide for a person with disabilities without diminishing eligibility for public benefits. It holds assets separate from those counted by benefit programs and allows a trustee to make discretionary distributions for supplemental needs. The trust document spells out permissible uses for funds, trustee powers, and any terms regarding repayment to public agencies when applicable. There are different forms of these trusts, including third-party trusts funded by family members and certain first-party trusts that meet statutory requirements. Accurate definition and tailored provisions are central to effective implementation.
Effective Special Needs Trust planning involves a number of key elements: clear identification of the beneficiary and their needs, selection of a trustee and successor trustees, funding strategies, distribution standards, and coordination with public benefits rules. The planning process typically begins with a comprehensive review of family assets, benefit eligibility, and long-term care considerations. Drafting should include language that anticipates future changes in benefits, identifies permissible uses for trust funds, and outlines procedures for trustee accountability. Ongoing review is recommended to adjust the trust to shifting circumstances and new laws.
Understanding common terms used in Special Needs Trust planning makes it easier to participate in decisions and to communicate with trustees, advisors, and family members. The glossary below explains foundational concepts such as fiduciary roles, first-party versus third-party trusts, payback provisions, and funding mechanisms. Knowing these terms helps families anticipate how a trust operates, what to expect from distributions, and how the trust interacts with public benefits. Clear definitions reduce confusion and support informed decision-making in the planning process.
A third-party Special Needs Trust is created and funded by someone other than the beneficiary, often a parent or other family member. Assets placed in this trust are used to supplement the beneficiary’s needs without affecting eligibility for public benefits. Because the funds do not belong to the beneficiary, the trust generally avoids payback requirements to government agencies, allowing leftover assets to be distributed according to the grantor’s instructions after the beneficiary’s death. Third-party trusts are commonly used as part of broader estate plans to provide long-term financial support.
A payback provision requires that, upon the beneficiary’s death, any remaining assets in certain types of trusts may be used to reimburse government programs for benefits paid on behalf of the beneficiary. This is a common feature of some first-party trusts created with the beneficiary’s own funds. The payback mechanism must be carefully considered when funding a trust, as it affects long-term distribution goals and whether family members may receive remaining assets. Proper drafting clarifies when reimbursement applies and how it will be handled under the trust terms.
A first-party Special Needs Trust is funded with assets that belong to the beneficiary, such as an inheritance or settlement proceeds. Federal and state rules allow these trusts to preserve benefit eligibility if they meet statutory requirements, which often include a payback provision to reimburse public agencies after the beneficiary’s death. These trusts must be carefully established under applicable laws to qualify. They are useful when a person with disabilities receives a direct award or inheritance and immediate protection of benefits is necessary.
The trustee manages trust assets and decides when and how to distribute funds in accordance with the trust terms and applicable law. Distribution standards typically emphasize discretionary supplemental support for items not provided by public benefits. Trustees should keep thorough records of expenditures and coordinate with benefit advisors to ensure distributions do not inadvertently affect eligibility. Trust documents may grant trustees specific powers such as investing trust assets, making caregiver payments, or contracting for services, and should also name successor trustees in the event a trustee cannot serve.
Families deciding how to protect a loved one with disabilities should compare Special Needs Trusts with other planning options like outright gifts, joint ownership, or relying solely on public benefits. Outright transfers can place assets in the beneficiary’s name and reduce benefits eligibility, while a properly drafted trust preserves access to needed government programs. Other legal vehicles such as revocable living trusts and pour-over wills play complementary roles by directing assets into a Special Needs Trust at death. Understanding the benefits and trade-offs of each option helps families choose a cohesive plan that aligns with financial and caregiving goals.
In situations where family resources are modest and the beneficiary’s needs are expected to be short-term or minimal, a simpler planning approach can be appropriate. This may involve modest supplemental savings held outside of the beneficiary’s name, careful use of beneficiary-directed accounts, or coordination with public benefits without creating an elaborate trust. The key is to balance administrative cost and complexity with the degree of protection needed for benefits. Families should still consider clear instructions and legal documentation so that funds are used as intended and handled responsibly.
When reliable informal caregivers and support networks are in place and the beneficiary’s financial needs are limited, families may choose a less formal planning route. Trusted family members can manage small amounts of money or pay for specific services without establishing a formal trust. Even in these cases, documenting intentions, discussing contingency plans, and naming potential fiduciaries in estate documents remains important. A modest plan can be effective provided that families regularly review arrangements and have steps in place to adjust as the beneficiary’s circumstances evolve.
Families with substantial assets or expectations of long-term caregiving needs should consider a comprehensive trust-based plan that integrates Special Needs Trust provisions with wills, revocable living trusts, and retirement plan designations. A coordinated plan addresses funding strategies, trustee selection, and provisions for long-term care and asset management. Comprehensive planning helps ensure that funds are available to support quality of life, that public benefits remain accessible, and that administration is clear and sustainable over many years. Thoughtful coordination reduces the risk of unintended consequences and legal disputes.
Complex situations such as substantial settlements, inheritance scenarios, or multiple streams of potential funding benefit from a comprehensive approach. When funds are expected from different sources, careful drafting is required to ensure first-party and third-party trust rules are satisfied, payback obligations are managed, and distributions are coordinated with benefit rules. A full planning process helps families create durable provisions for trustee authority, investment policy, and successor arrangements, reducing the likelihood of disputes and ensuring that resources are used to support the beneficiary’s long-term needs.
A comprehensive plan offers several advantages: it preserves access to public benefits, ensures funding is available for supplemental needs, provides a clear framework for trustee decision-making, and reduces the risk of family disputes over finances. By coordinating a Special Needs Trust with other estate planning tools like revocable living trusts and powers of attorney, families create continuity across life events and transitions. This integrated approach supports stability for the beneficiary while reflecting the family’s values and long-term objectives for care and financial stewardship.
Additionally, a comprehensive plan can include contingency provisions for incapacity or unexpected changes, name successor trustees, and provide instructions for healthcare and guardianship matters. Proper funding strategies and beneficiary designations ensure a smooth transfer of assets when needed, while trustee duties and reporting requirements promote transparency and accountability. Families benefit from having a single, well-thought-out plan that addresses immediate needs and anticipates future developments, reducing administrative burdens and providing clear guidance to those charged with managing the beneficiary’s support.
One of the most significant benefits of a properly structured trust is the preservation of eligibility for means-tested public programs. By holding assets in a trust rather than in the beneficiary’s own name, families can provide for supplemental needs without causing disqualification from programs that cover health care and basic living supports. This protection is essential for long-term planning because it ensures that public benefits continue to provide a baseline of care while trust resources are used to improve quality of life and address needs not covered by those programs.
A comprehensive trust plan creates a formal structure for managing resources on behalf of a person who may not be able to manage money independently. Trustees are given specific powers and responsibilities to make distributions that benefit the beneficiary while maintaining eligibility for public programs. This controlled approach reduces the risk of financial abuse or mismanagement and provides a predictable framework for paying for services, housing, therapy, and other supports. Clear trust terms and good recordkeeping help ensure transparency and accountability over time.
Begin planning by reviewing the beneficiary’s current and anticipated public benefits to understand eligibility rules and resource limits. Knowing which programs the beneficiary uses and how they treat different assets helps determine whether a first-party or third-party trust is appropriate and what language is necessary to maintain benefits. This initial review guides decisions about funding, trustee powers, and distribution policies. Early assessment also allows families to avoid missteps that could inadvertently cause a temporary or permanent loss of crucial benefits, enabling a more secure and effective plan.
A Special Needs Trust should not exist in isolation; coordinate it with wills, revocable living trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. Pour-over wills and retirement plan beneficiary designations may be used to fund a Special Needs Trust at death, while powers of attorney and health care directives ensure continuity in other areas of decision-making. Coordination reduces the chance that assets will pass directly to a beneficiary in a way that affects benefits eligibility. Regularly review and update documents to reflect life changes and to keep the plan aligned with family goals.
Families consider Special Needs Trusts to protect access to public benefits while providing additional support that enhances a beneficiary’s quality of life. Trusts can fund therapies, adaptive equipment, education, recreation, and other needs that government programs may not cover. They provide a mechanism for managing funds when a beneficiary cannot handle money directly and create a legal framework for distributing resources in a disciplined manner. For many families, the trust offers reassurance that a loved one will have access to supplemental supports without endangering essential benefits.
A trust also helps families plan for contingencies by naming trustees and successors who will assume responsibility if primary caregivers become unable to serve. It ensures continuity of care and finances by embedding instructions for distributions, oversight, and coordination with healthcare decisions. Families facing inheritances, settlements, or other potential funding sources for a beneficiary should evaluate trust options early so that assets can be routed and documented properly. Thoughtful planning reduces administrative uncertainty and protects the long-term interests of the beneficiary.
Certain life events commonly trigger the need for a Special Needs Trust. These include receiving an inheritance or settlement on behalf of a person with disabilities, anticipating changes in a beneficiary’s care needs, or wanting to provide supplemental support without affecting public benefits. Families may also use trusts when planning for long-term care transitions, establishing independent living arrangements, or naming trustees to manage finances. Addressing these circumstances proactively ensures that resources are preserved and used according to family intentions while maintaining program eligibility.
When a person with disabilities receives an inheritance or a settlement payment, placing those funds into an appropriate trust can prevent disqualification from means-tested benefits. A trust drafted to meet statutory requirements can hold these funds and allow distributions for supplemental needs. Careful timing and correct legal structure are important because improper receipt of funds may lead to a temporary loss of benefits. Families should address these situations promptly to preserve the beneficiary’s support and to ensure funds are available for their intended purposes.
As caregivers age, families need plans for who will manage the beneficiary’s finances and care. Establishing a Special Needs Trust with named successors provides continuity and reduces the risk of interruption in care and support. Succession planning includes naming trustees, outlining distribution standards, and detailing caregiver roles so that transitions are smoother. These provisions give families a predictable framework for the future and minimize the need for court involvement to appoint guardians or conservators in an emergency.
When a beneficiary’s needs evolve—such as a move to supported housing, changing therapy needs, or the development of new services—a trust can be updated to reflect the new priorities and funding needs. Trust provisions can authorize payments for housing supports, specialized services, transportation, and other items that improve independence and quality of life. Regular review ensures the trust remains aligned with current circumstances, that trustee instructions are relevant, and that distributions support the beneficiary’s changing goals while maintaining access to public benefits.
We provide personalized planning services to families in Fairbanks Ranch, San Diego County, and across California. Whether you are dealing with an inheritance, planning for future care, or reevaluating an existing plan, we will help you understand options and implement a tailored trust arrangement. Our team assists with drafting, funding strategies, trustee selection, and coordination with other estate documents. You can reach the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman at 408-528-2827 to schedule a consultation and begin putting a thoughtful plan in place for a loved one with disabilities.
Families working with us benefit from a process-oriented approach that focuses on clear communication and practical solutions. We help clients integrate Special Needs Trusts with broader estate plans, ensuring assets are directed appropriately at death or during life. Our work includes drafting precise trust language, advising on trustee powers, and coordinating with beneficiary designations and pour-over wills to achieve cohesive results. We emphasize a collaborative process so families understand each step and feel confident in decisions about long-term care and financial management for a loved one.
We serve clients across California, including Fairbanks Ranch and San Diego County, and have experience addressing a range of trust and estate matters such as revocable living trusts, irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, and guardianship nominations. Our goal is to create durable plans that respond to real-world needs and to assist with implementation tasks like funding trusts and preparing supporting documents. Client-focused communication and practical guidance help families make informed choices without unnecessary complexity.
When necessary, we assist with trust administration and coordinate with accountants, financial planners, and care providers to ensure distributions are made appropriately and records are maintained. We provide clear instructions for trustees and can prepare documents such as certificates of trust, HIPAA authorizations, health care directives, and powers of attorney that integrate with the trust. Our objective is to reduce uncertainty and provide families with a reliable framework for supporting a loved one’s needs now and in the future.
Our process begins with a thorough intake to learn about the beneficiary’s needs, current benefits, family resources, and long-term goals. We then review documents and design an appropriate trust structure, advise on funding strategies, and draft the trust and related estate documents. After drafting, we walk clients through funding the trust, beneficiary designations, and trustee responsibilities to ensure everything operates as intended. Periodic reviews are recommended so the plan remains up-to-date with changes in circumstances, benefits rules, or family priorities.
The first step is an in-depth consultation to identify the beneficiary’s current and anticipated needs and to evaluate public benefit eligibility. This conversation includes a review of financial resources, potential funding sources, and family caregiving plans. We gather necessary documents and explain the options available, including different trust types and how they interact with Medi-Cal and Supplemental Security Income. The goal is to provide a clear recommendation for the trust structure and a roadmap for implementation tailored to the family’s situation.
During the initial phase we collect information about bank accounts, investments, existing estate planning documents, benefits received, and any anticipated settlements or inheritances. This comprehensive picture helps determine whether a first-party or third-party trust is needed and how best to fund the trust. Proper documentation and timing are essential to prevent disruptions in benefits, and identifying potential sources of future funds ensures the plan can be implemented smoothly when resources become available to support the beneficiary’s needs.
We spend time with the family discussing short-term and long-term goals for the beneficiary, including housing, therapies, education, and recreation. This conversation informs trustee selection criteria and distribution standards. We outline the responsibilities trustees will carry and help families weigh options for individuals or corporate trustees. Clarifying expectations upfront reduces later disagreements and ensures the trustee named in the trust will be able to carry out the family’s intentions responsibly and consistently, providing stability for the beneficiary’s future.
Once the structure is decided, we draft the trust document and related estate planning documents such as pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. We include provisions for trustee powers, distribution standards, successor trustees, and any necessary payback language. We also advise on funding strategies so assets are properly routed into the trust, including beneficiary designations for retirement accounts and coordination of property transfers. Careful attention to funding prevents assets from being counted as resources by benefit programs.
The drafting stage produces the tailored trust document and any accompanying estate instruments necessary to make the plan effective. Drafting includes specific language to address distributions, trustee authority, recordkeeping, and coordination with public benefits. We prepare pour-over wills, certificates of trust, HIPAA authorizations, and directive documents that work together to ensure assets are properly directed. Clear written instructions reduce ambiguity and provide trustees with a practical framework for administering the trust in line with family intentions.
Funding the trust is a critical step that may involve retitling assets, updating beneficiary designations on retirement accounts, and executing deeds for real property when appropriate. We guide families through these transactions and coordinate with financial institutions and advisors. Proper funding ensures that assets are not mistakenly considered available to the beneficiary for benefits purposes. This phase often requires attention to timing and documentation to avoid unintended consequences, and we assist with the practical steps needed to complete the transfers effectively.
After the trust is funded and documents are in place, trustees assume management responsibilities under the trust’s terms. We provide guidance for initial administration tasks, recordkeeping practices, and distribution strategies that support benefits preservation. Ongoing review of the trust and related documents is recommended to adapt to life changes, evolving needs of the beneficiary, and changes in benefit rules. Periodic consultations help families keep the plan current and ensure the trust continues to meet its intended objectives over time.
We help trustees understand their duties, how to maintain accurate records, and how to make distributions consistent with both the trust terms and benefit rules. Good recordkeeping supports transparency and helps avoid disputes. Trustees should keep receipts, logs of distributions, and documentation of decisions to demonstrate that funds were used to supplement benefits rather than replace them. We provide practical checklists and guidance to make administration manageable and to maintain compliance with applicable rules.
Life events, changes in public benefits, or shifts in family circumstances may warrant updates to the trust and related estate planning documents. We recommend periodic reviews to confirm that funding remains correct, trustee appointments are appropriate, and distribution standards reflect current needs. Updates may be necessary to address changes in living arrangements, new sources of income, or regulatory shifts. Regular maintenance protects the beneficiary’s interests and ensures the plan remains aligned with the family’s objectives over time.
A Special Needs Trust is a legal arrangement that holds assets for the benefit of a person with disabilities while preserving eligibility for means-tested public benefits. The trust is drafted to permit discretionary distributions for supplemental needs that enhance quality of life without being counted as resources by programs such as Medi-Cal and SSI. Trustees manage the funds, make allowable distributions, and coordinate with benefit rules to avoid unintended disqualification. There are different forms of these trusts depending on who provides the funds and the statutory requirements that apply. Proper drafting addresses trustee powers, distribution standards, successor appointments, and any payback provisions required by law. A well-structured trust offers families a way to provide additional support while maintaining access to essential public programs.
A Special Needs Trust can be created by a parent, grandparent, guardian, or court, depending on the type of trust and who is providing the funds. Third-party trusts are typically created and funded by family members, while first-party trusts may be established for a beneficiary using the beneficiary’s own assets under statutory rules. The source of funds affects drafting requirements and whether payback provisions apply. Funding can come from gifts, inheritances, settlements, or designated beneficiary distributions from estate planning instruments. Coordinating beneficiary designations and pour-over wills is often necessary to ensure that assets intended for the trust actually reach it. Proper timing and documentation of funding steps are important to preserve benefit eligibility.
A correctly structured Special Needs Trust is designed to maintain eligibility for Medi-Cal and SSI by ensuring that trust assets are not treated as the beneficiary’s personal resources for means-tested programs. Distribution language and trustee practices must be aligned with program rules so that funds are spent on supplemental items rather than basic needs covered by benefits. Trustees should be mindful of how different expenditures are treated by benefit administrators. Coordination with benefit counselors and careful recordkeeping are essential. Some trust types require payback provisions to reimburse public agencies after the beneficiary’s death. Understanding the distinctions between trust forms and planning accordingly helps avoid interruptions in benefits and supports long-term stability for the beneficiary.
The primary difference between first-party and third-party Special Needs Trusts relates to who funds the trust. Third-party trusts are funded by someone other than the beneficiary—often family members—and typically do not require a payback to government programs, allowing leftover assets to pass according to the grantor’s wishes. Third-party trusts are commonly used as part of family estate planning to provide enduring support for a beneficiary. First-party trusts are funded with the beneficiary’s own assets, such as a settlement or an inheritance. These trusts often must include a payback provision that reimburses public agencies for benefits received during the beneficiary’s lifetime. Each type has specific statutory and drafting requirements, so selecting the right form depends on funding sources and family objectives.
Trustees may be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in administering the trust, such as costs for accounting, filing taxes, or paying for professional services. The trust document should specify whether trustees may receive compensation and under what terms, or whether reimbursement is limited to actual expenses. Clear documentation of expenses and distributions supports transparency and helps avoid disputes with family members or benefit administrators. When trustees are permitted to receive compensation, the terms should be reasonable and consistent with the duties performed. Families may choose to name a neutral professional trustee for continuity and accountability, or appoint family members who are willing to serve with clear guidance on reimbursement. Including explicit provisions in the trust reduces uncertainty about compensating trustees for their time and effort.
Choosing a trustee involves considering the individual’s ability to manage finances, willingness to learn about benefit rules, and capacity to make thoughtful distribution decisions. Many families choose a trusted family member, friend, or a professional fiduciary depending on the complexity of the trust and anticipated administration needs. It is important to discuss the role with potential trustees so they understand the responsibilities and recordkeeping expectations. Naming successor trustees and providing detailed guidance in the trust document helps ensure continuity. Families should balance trustworthiness and practicality when selecting a trustee, and consider whether a co-trustee structure or professional trustee might provide additional oversight and stability for long-term management.
What happens to remaining trust assets after a beneficiary’s death depends on the type of trust and its terms. Third-party trusts often provide for distribution of leftover assets to family members or other beneficiaries according to the grantor’s instructions. First-party trusts frequently include payback provisions that require reimbursement to public agencies for benefits paid on the beneficiary’s behalf before any remainder is distributed according to the trust’s terms. Clear remainder provisions should be included in the trust to reflect the grantor’s wishes regarding remaining assets. Families should review these provisions as part of broader estate planning so that the distribution of any remainder aligns with overall goals for the estate and any responsibilities to reimburse government programs are properly addressed.
Funding a Special Needs Trust with retirement accounts, life insurance, or other designated assets requires coordination of beneficiary designations and trust language. Retirement accounts may require careful planning because designating a trust as beneficiary can have tax implications and must be done in a way that preserves the intended benefits. Life insurance proceeds can be routed into a trust directly through contract beneficiary designations or indirectly through the estate plan. Working with financial advisors and the entities that hold these accounts helps ensure that designations are effective and that funding occurs without jeopardizing benefits. Proper timing and documentation are essential so that assets reach the trust and are used according to the plan’s objectives while maintaining benefit eligibility where necessary.
Yes, it is prudent to review a Special Needs Trust periodically and update it as circumstances change. Changes in the beneficiary’s needs, family dynamics, or public benefits rules can affect how the trust operates. Regular reviews allow families to update trustees, adjust distribution standards, and ensure funding remains appropriate. Periodic maintenance helps prevent outdated provisions from creating administrative difficulties or unintended consequences. A scheduled review every few years or after major life events such as inheritances, changes in care providers, or relocations is advisable. Staying proactive about updates preserves the trust’s effectiveness and ensures it continues to support the beneficiary in alignment with the family’s goals and any applicable legal changes.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assists families with every stage of Special Needs Trust planning, from initial benefits review and trust selection to drafting, funding, and trustee guidance. We help integrate the trust with other estate planning tools such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives so that the plan operates cohesively. Our services include coordination with financial institutions and advisors to ensure funding steps are completed correctly. We also provide support for trust administration, including trustee orientation and recordkeeping guidance, and recommend periodic reviews to keep the plan current. Families in Fairbanks Ranch and across California can contact our office at 408-528-2827 to discuss options and begin implementing a trust tailored to their loved one’s needs.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas