An advance health care directive lets you set clear instructions about medical care and name someone to make decisions if you cannot. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman we help Fallbrook residents understand how these documents work within California law and how they fit into a broader estate plan. This guide explains the key components, how to choose a health care agent, and steps to ensure your wishes are honored. Whether you are planning ahead for peace of mind or addressing a current medical concern, thoughtful planning reduces family conflict and helps medical providers act in accordance with your values.
Preparing an advance health care directive involves more than filling out a form. It requires considering your preferences for life-sustaining treatment, pain management, organ donation, and comfort-focused care, plus selecting a trusted agent to carry out those decisions. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assists clients throughout San Diego County with documents including financial powers of attorney and pour-over wills that complement medical directives. We emphasize clear language, legally effective signatures, and practical distribution so medical staff, family members, and caregivers can locate and rely on your directive when it matters most.
An advance health care directive protects your voice when you cannot speak for yourself, reducing uncertainty and stress for loved ones. By documenting treatment preferences and designating a decision-maker, you minimize disagreements among family members and provide guidance to physicians faced with urgent choices. In addition, a directive can clarify your values about comfort care, resuscitation, and artificial life support, ensuring medical care aligns with your priorities. For Fallbrook residents, combining a directive with a financial power of attorney and a trust helps create a cohesive plan that addresses health decisions, finances, and the management of assets during incapacity.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves individuals and families in San Diego County with compassionate guidance on estate planning documents, including advance health care directives. We focus on understanding each client’s personal values and family dynamics to draft practical, enforceable directives. Our approach includes explaining California-specific requirements and coordinating directives with trusts, wills, and powers of attorney so decisions about health care and finances are aligned. We help clients anticipate common scenarios, select appropriate health care agents, and prepare signed documents that medical providers and hospitals will recognize and follow.
An advance health care directive, sometimes called a medical directive or proxy, is a legal document that records your preferences for medical treatment and appoints an agent to make decisions on your behalf if you lack capacity. Under California law the directive should be clear about preferences for treatments like resuscitation, ventilators, feeding tubes, and palliative care. It is important to state your values in straightforward terms, include specific instructions for likely situations, and properly sign and date the document. A well-drafted directive works together with other estate planning tools to ensure your physical care and financial affairs are managed consistently.
Creating an effective advance health care directive means thinking through scenarios such as progressive illness or sudden incapacity, naming alternates in case your primary agent is unavailable, and communicating your choices to family and doctors. The document should be stored where it can be found quickly and copies provided to your agent, primary care physician, and key family members. In California you may combine the directive with a HIPAA authorization so medical records can be shared with your agent. Regular review and updates ensure the directive reflects current wishes as health, relationships, and legal circumstances change.
An advance health care directive is a written statement of your medical treatment preferences and the appointment of an agent authorized to make health decisions if you cannot. The document describes the kinds of life-sustaining interventions you would accept or refuse, indicates preferences for pain relief and comfort measures, and can address organ donation and end-of-life care. It operates alongside a durable power of attorney for finances and a will or trust to create a comprehensive plan. The goal is to make your intentions legally known so health care teams and loved ones follow the plan you set forth when you are unable to speak.
Key elements of a directive include clear treatment preferences, the identity and contact information of your chosen health care agent, alternate agents, any limits on the agent’s authority, and signature and witness or notary acknowledgments as required. The process typically involves discussing values and scenarios, drafting precise language, signing the document in accordance with California formalities, distributing copies, and ensuring medical providers and hospitals have access. It can also include related forms like a POLST for seriously ill patients. Regular review ensures the directive remains consistent with your wishes as circumstances evolve.
Understanding common terms helps you draft a directive that reflects your choices. Definitions include agent or health care agent, incapacity, life-sustaining treatment, comfort care, and HIPAA authorization. Grasping these phrases clarifies the agent’s role, what constitutes medical incapacity, and how to limit or expand decision-making authority. A glossary also explains how directives relate to powers of attorney, trusts, and guardianship nominations. Clear definitions reduce misinterpretation and make it easier for family members and treating physicians to follow the directions you leave behind.
A health care agent is the person you name in the directive to make medical decisions for you if you lack capacity. The agent’s role is to follow your stated wishes and to interpret your values when choices are uncertain. When naming an agent consider availability, willingness to act under stress, and ability to communicate with medical teams and family. Include alternates in case the first choice cannot serve. In California the agent’s authority may be broad or limited depending on the language you provide. Discuss your preferences with the agent so they understand how you want decisions made.
Life-sustaining treatment refers to medical interventions that prolong the biological functions of the body such as mechanical ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and artificial nutrition or hydration. In a directive you can state whether you want these measures in the event of terminal illness, irreversible coma, or other specified conditions. Clear statements about acceptance or refusal of life-sustaining treatments help doctors and your agent act consistently with your values. Language should be specific enough to guide decisions while allowing reasonable interpretation when medical situations are complex.
Incapacity occurs when you can no longer understand medical information or communicate informed health decisions. Typically a physician or qualified clinician assesses incapacity based on ability to comprehend options and consequences. The directive takes effect when incapacity is determined, allowing your agent to legally make decisions. You can include instructions about how incapacity should be evaluated or whether certain thresholds should trigger the agent’s authority. Ensuring the incapacity determination process is clearly recorded helps avoid disputes and prevents delay in necessary medical treatment.
A HIPAA authorization permits health care providers to share your medical information with designated individuals, including your health care agent, so they can make informed decisions on your behalf. Without this authorization privacy rules may prevent doctors from discussing your condition with family or agents. Including a HIPAA release with your advance directive ensures access to medical records and facilitates communication during crisis situations. The authorization should be signed and clearly link the named individuals to the directive so hospitals and clinics will consider them as authorized contacts.
Advance health care directives serve a distinct role compared with other planning documents. A directive focuses on medical treatment preferences and designating an agent for health decisions, while a financial power of attorney addresses monetary and property management. Trusts and wills control what happens to assets after death, whereas a directive becomes effective during incapacity. Understanding these differences helps ensure documents work together: a directive for treatment choices, a power of attorney for finances during incapacity, and estate planning instruments for postmortem distribution and ongoing asset management.
A limited or narrowly focused directive can be appropriate for individuals facing a specific medical procedure or short-term treatment where only certain decisions are likely to arise. For example, when scheduled for surgery it may suffice to authorize a trusted person to give consent or receive information on your behalf during the perioperative period. A narrow directive reduces complexity while ensuring someone can speak with medical staff. Even when limited, the document should be clear about scope and duration and include information on how it interacts with any broader advance planning you might have.
Some people with stable health and minimal risk of prolonged incapacity may opt for a straightforward directive that names an agent and sets basic treatment preferences without extensive scenarios or contingencies. This approach keeps the document concise while ensuring care decisions can be made if needed. It is still important to communicate wishes to your agent and medical providers and to pair the directive with a HIPAA authorization. Periodic review is recommended to update the directive if health status, relationships, or outlook changes over time.
A comprehensive planning approach is recommended when family dynamics, multiple properties, business interests, or chronic medical conditions create a higher risk of disputes or complex decision-making. In such circumstances a detailed directive combined with powers of attorney, a trust, and clear beneficiary designations helps coordinate health care choices with financial management and asset protection. Comprehensive planning addresses contingencies, names alternates, and may include instructions for guardianship nominations or specialized trusts to ensure continuity and minimize uncertainty during stressful times.
When there is a risk of progressive illness or long-term incapacity, a broad plan integrating an advance health care directive with durable powers of attorney, trust arrangements, and estate documents provides continuity in medical and financial affairs. This approach anticipates ongoing decision-making needs, specifies preferences for long-term care, and designates agents for both healthcare and financial matters. Planning ahead ensures that the person you appoint can manage medical choices and finances without court intervention, preserving your wishes and reducing stress for family during an extended period of care.
Integrating an advance health care directive with a trust, will, and powers of attorney ensures consistent decision-making across medical and financial spheres. This holistic arrangement reduces the chance of conflicting instructions, avoids delays caused by missing or unclear documents, and helps protect assets while someone is incapacitated. Combining documents also makes it simpler for appointed agents to access records, manage bills, and implement care plans. For families in Fallbrook and San Diego County, coordinated planning can ease transitions during medical crises and maintain continuity of care and financial management.
A comprehensive plan also supports smoother interactions with hospitals, care facilities, and financial institutions by providing clearly executed documents such as HIPAA authorizations, powers of attorney, and certification of trust if applicable. With clear legal authority documented, appointed agents can obtain medical information, make timely decisions, and manage assets without unnecessary court proceedings. This streamlines processes during stressful events and ensures that medical teams and caregivers have the legal tools needed to respect and implement your stated preferences.
When health care directives and financial powers of attorney are aligned you reduce the likelihood of contradictory instructions and ease administrative burdens. The person handling medical decisions will understand financial authority is separated and that trusted agents have clear responsibilities. This coherence helps ensure bills are paid, benefits are accessed, and medical wishes are enacted in a timely fashion. For families, this alignment minimizes confusion, shortens delays in care, and protects assets while someone is unable to act for themselves, providing stability during a crisis.
A comprehensive plan that includes clear directives and properly documented authorities decreases the need for court-ordered conservatorships or guardianships by ensuring appointed agents have documented rights to act. This reduces legal costs and emotional strain on family members who might otherwise contest decisions. When preferences are well-documented and communicated, family members are more likely to accept the chosen course, preserving relationships and avoiding adversarial legal processes. Clear documentation also protects your wishes and provides guidance when medical situations are difficult or uncertain.
Selecting the right health care agent is one of the most important choices when drafting a directive. Choose someone who understands your values, can communicate calmly with medical personnel, and is willing to make difficult choices under pressure. Discuss your wishes in detail and provide written notes about specific scenarios you want honored. Consider naming alternate agents in case your first choice is unavailable and confirm that the person is comfortable accessing medical records and advocating with hospitals. Clear communication before a crisis eases decision-making when it counts.
After signing your directive provide copies to your health care agent, primary care physician, and any relevant specialists, and keep a copy in a known location at home. Consider uploading an electronic copy to a secure portal or medical record when available. Review and update the directive when your health, relationships, or preferences change. Regular review ensures the document reflects current wishes and that named agents remain willing and able to serve. Timely updates prevent conflicts and ensure your medical care aligns with your present choices.
Many people create an advance health care directive to ensure their medical wishes are honored, to reduce the burden on family members, and to avoid uncertainty during crises. A directive allows you to name a trusted agent who can communicate with doctors and make informed choices consistent with your values. Having a directive also facilitates access to medical records when combined with a HIPAA authorization and can prevent delays in treatment caused by unclear authority. These benefits provide emotional relief to loved ones and practical clarity for medical providers when time is of the essence.
Other reasons to prepare a directive include coordinating health preferences with broader financial and estate planning, protecting assets and benefits during incapacity, and planning for long-term or progressive illnesses. When combined with a durable power of attorney and trust documents, a directive becomes part of a unified plan that addresses medical care, daily finances, and the future disposition of property. For many Fallbrook residents, this coordination reduces the chance of family disputes, ensures continuity of care, and preserves the person’s autonomy even when they cannot speak on their own behalf.
Situations that commonly prompt people to prepare a directive include planned surgeries, serious diagnoses, aging with chronic health conditions, or changes in family structure that affect who will make decisions if you cannot. Travel, new caregiving arrangements, or retirement planning are also times when having clear medical instructions and a designated agent is important. In each case a directive helps avoid confusion, speeds medical decision-making, and protects the patient’s values. Early planning prevents last-minute disputes and allows individuals to state their wishes while they can still make decisions.
Before surgery or invasive procedures many people execute a directive so a trusted person can make decisions in the perioperative period if needed. Having the directive ready ensures surgeons and anesthesiologists know who may provide consent and receive updates. It also clarifies preferences for life-sustaining measures in the unlikely event of major complications. Preparing documents ahead of time reduces stress and administrative delays, allowing medical teams to focus on care while family members and appointed agents act in accordance with the patient’s documented wishes.
A diagnosis of a chronic, progressive, or life-limiting illness often makes clear the need to record treatment preferences and name someone to carry them out. An advance health care directive offers a way to state values about comfort, quality of life, and acceptance or refusal of aggressive interventions. Documenting these choices reduces the burden on family members faced with emotionally difficult decisions later. It also facilitates conversations with the care team about palliative options and goals of care aligned with the patient’s priorities.
As people age it becomes increasingly important to document medical wishes and appoint decision-makers to avoid confusion if cognitive decline occurs. An advance directive paired with powers of attorney and trust instruments provides a thorough plan for managing health needs, finances, and property. Early planning allows for careful selection of agents, discussion of values with family, and timely updates as circumstances evolve. This proactive approach helps preserve dignity and control, reduces stress for loved ones, and ensures continuity of care and asset management during later life.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides personalized guidance for Fallbrook residents preparing advance health care directives and related documents. We work with clients to clarify treatment preferences, select appropriate agents, and integrate directives with powers of attorney and estate plans. Our goal is to help you create legally effective documents that medical providers and hospitals will recognize, and to ensure your family understands your choices. We assist with signing formalities, distributing copies, and updating directives as life circumstances change to keep your plan current and accessible when needed.
Our firm offers attentive, client-focused service to help you articulate health care preferences and document them clearly under California law. We take time to discuss values, potential medical scenarios, and family dynamics to draft directives that provide practical guidance to agents and medical teams. In addition to directives, we prepare complementary documents such as financial powers of attorney, HIPAA authorizations, and pour-over wills to align medical and financial planning. Our work emphasizes clarity, legal validity, and ease of use during stressful times.
We assist clients in identifying appropriate agents, documenting alternates, and choosing language that anticipates common medical situations while remaining flexible enough for clinical judgment. Our drafting process includes guidance on formal signing and distribution so hospitals and physicians have access to your directives when necessary. For families in Fallbrook and nearby communities we provide practical strategies to communicate wishes and prevent disputes so the person you name can act decisively and in accordance with your stated priorities.
Beyond drafting we help clients review existing documents for consistency with current wishes, update directives after changes in health or family circumstances, and prepare related estate planning instruments such as trusts and wills that coordinate with medical directives. We aim to make the process straightforward and respectful, providing clear instructions and copies for the people who will need them. Our goal is to leave you and your loved ones with confidence that decisions will reflect your values when you cannot speak for yourself.
Our process begins with a detailed conversation about your medical values, family circumstances, and any existing estate planning documents. We explain California requirements for signing and witnessing, discuss HIPAA releases, and identify the most appropriate authority for medical decisions. Next we draft a directive that reflects your wishes and coordinate it with related documents such as powers of attorney and trust instruments. Finally we assist with signing, provide finalized copies, and recommend steps to distribute and store the documents so they are accessible when needed.
During the first meeting we discuss your health preferences, family dynamics, and any current medical conditions that may affect decisions. We ask about potential agents and alternates, any religious or cultural considerations, and your desire for specific interventions or limits on treatment. We also review existing estate planning documents to avoid conflict. This intake helps shape clear, personalized directive language and ensures the document fits into your broader planning goals while complying with California legal standards for advance health care directives.
We guide a thoughtful discussion about how you view interventions like resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and artificial nutrition, as well as priorities for pain management and comfort-focused care. We encourage clients to describe scenarios that matter most and to identify what quality of life means to them. These conversations inform directive language so it captures meaningful guidance for agents and clinicians. The resulting document balances specificity with flexibility to address real-world medical uncertainty while remaining true to your values.
We help clients select an agent who can carry out the role effectively and advise on naming alternates. Discussion includes the agent’s availability, willingness to make decisions, and ability to communicate with health care professionals. We recommend discussing your preferences with the chosen agent beforehand so they understand your priorities. Documentation includes clear appointment language and any limitations on the agent’s authority, making it easier for hospitals and doctors to accept the agent’s role when incapacity is determined.
After gathering information we draft the advance health care directive with language tailored to your wishes and coordinate related documents like HIPAA authorizations, powers of attorney, and estate planning instruments. This stage ensures consistency across documents and anticipates common medical scenarios. We review the drafts with you, make necessary adjustments, and explain the legal and practical implications of each clause. Our goal is to produce executable documents that are both legally valid and practically useful during medical decisions.
We prepare a HIPAA authorization to allow your agent access to medical records and communication with health care providers, ensuring privacy rules do not block necessary information. Complementary forms may include POLST for seriously ill patients or other facility-specific releases. Coordinating these forms with the directive facilitates communication and decision-making in hospitals and clinics. We ensure language is clear, properly signed, and distributed so the people who need access can obtain information without delay.
We review and coordinate powers of attorney and trust documents so that authority for finances and medical care operate in harmony during incapacity. This avoids clashes between decision-makers and ensures agents understand their roles. If you have a revocable living trust or will we confirm that asset management and successor trustee provisions align with the directive and powers of attorney. The result is a cohesive plan that covers medical decisions, financial management, and asset disposition with minimal friction during difficult times.
Once documents are finalized we assist with proper execution, including witnessing or notarization as appropriate, and provide recommendations on distributing copies to your agent, physicians, and family members. We also offer guidance on storing originals, adding directives to medical records when possible, and steps to update documents after life changes. Periodic review is encouraged so the directive remains current with evolving health, family, and legal circumstances, helping ensure that your wishes continue to be honored.
Proper signing is essential to ensure the directive will be accepted by hospitals and clinics. California has specific formalities regarding witnesses and notarial acknowledgments that affect enforceability. We help clients meet these requirements by arranging appropriate signing sessions and advising on who can serve as a witness or notary. Clear documentation of execution reduces the likelihood of disputes and helps medical providers accept the document when urgent decisions must be made, smoothing the path for your agent to act on your documented wishes.
After execution we recommend providing copies to your primary care physician, specialists, the hospital where you receive care, and the person you named as agent. Keep copies with other important papers and consider placing an electronic copy in a secure location accessible to your agent. We also suggest informing family members about the directive and the role of the named agent to reduce the risk of disputes. Proper distribution helps ensure the directive is available and recognized when timely medical decisions arise.
An advance health care directive in California typically includes instructions about preferred medical treatments, the appointment of a health care agent to make decisions when you are incapacitated, and any limitations or special instructions you want followed. It can address choices about resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, artificial nutrition and hydration, pain management, and comfort measures. The directive may also include a HIPAA authorization allowing your agent to access medical records and communicate with health care providers. A clearly written directive helps medical staff and your agent understand and implement your wishes during difficult situations. When drafting a directive it is helpful to be as specific as possible about scenarios that matter to you while leaving room for clinical judgment. You can name alternate agents, provide guidance on end-of-life care preferences, and include statements about organ donation or religious considerations. Proper execution with the required signatures and witnesses, and distribution of copies to your agent and providers, enhances the directive’s effectiveness and acceptance by medical facilities and staff.
Choose a health care agent who understands your values, can remain calm under pressure, and has the communication skills needed to interact with medical professionals and family members. Consider their availability, geographic proximity, and willingness to honor difficult decisions. It is also wise to select one or more alternates in case the primary agent is unavailable. Discuss your preferences with the chosen person ahead of time so they clearly understand your priorities and the kinds of decisions they may need to make on your behalf. When naming an agent ensure the directive contains clear identification information and contact details. You may also include guidance about when the agent’s authority should begin and any limits on their decision-making power. Selecting someone who can act decisively and who is respected by family members helps prevent disputes and facilitates timely medical decision-making when incapacity occurs.
Yes, you can change or revoke an advance health care directive at any time while you have capacity. To modify the directive you should prepare a new document that supersedes the earlier one, clearly indicate the revocation of prior directives, and follow California signing and witnessing requirements. It is also helpful to provide updated copies to your health care agent, physicians, and family to avoid confusion. If you revoke the directive inform your agent and medical providers so they are aware of current instructions. In some cases minor updates can be accomplished by adding a signed amendment or a written statement of revocation, but preparing a new, fully executed directive is often the clearest approach. Keep the original document in a safe and accessible place and distribute copies of the new version to the same contacts who had the prior document to ensure everyone follows your current wishes.
A HIPAA authorization permits health care providers to share protected medical information with designated individuals, including your health care agent. Without a HIPAA release privacy rules might prevent doctors from discussing your condition or treatment options with family members or an appointed agent. Including a HIPAA authorization with your directive ensures your agent can obtain medical records, understand your medical status, and make informed decisions that reflect your wishes. The HIPAA release should clearly identify the people authorized to receive information and be signed in accordance with legal formalities. Providing copies to your medical providers and ensuring the authorization is contemporaneous with the directive improves communication and enables timely decision-making during emergencies or periods of incapacity.
Generally hospitals and doctors will honor a properly executed advance health care directive, particularly when it clearly names a health care agent and complies with California formalities. Medical providers look for valid signatures, witness attestations or notarization when required, and often a HIPAA authorization so agents can receive medical information. When the directive is clear and accessible, clinicians and hospital ethics committees typically follow the expressed wishes or consult with the appointed agent to determine the best course of action that aligns with those wishes. There are rare circumstances where providers may have ethical objections or legal questions about a directive’s validity. In such cases clinicians often seek clarification, consult institutional policies, or request a second opinion. To reduce the chance of dispute ensure the directive is precise, properly signed, and distributed to your agent and treating physicians ahead of time so it is available when urgent decisions arise.
You are not required to have a lawyer to prepare an advance health care directive, as California provides statutory forms for guidance. However working with counsel can help ensure the document reflects your specific wishes, coordinates properly with other estate planning documents, and meets legal formalities to minimize disputes. An attorney can tailor language to your circumstances, advise on agent selection, and prepare complementary documents such as HIPAA authorizations and powers of attorney for finances to create a cohesive plan for incapacity and treatment decisions. If you choose to prepare a directive without counsel, take care to use up-to-date state-approved forms, follow signing and witness requirements, and provide copies to your agent and medical providers. Consulting with an attorney can be particularly helpful in complex situations, when you have significant assets, or when family dynamics suggest a higher risk of disagreement about treatment choices.
An advance health care directive addresses medical decision-making, while a durable power of attorney for finances covers financial and property management during incapacity. Both documents serve distinct but complementary roles: one ensures medical wishes are followed and the other allows someone to pay bills, manage accounts, and handle legal matters when you cannot. Coordinating these documents prevents gaps in authority and helps the appointed individuals work together to provide seamless care and financial oversight during periods of incapacity. It is important to name agents for both roles who can cooperate effectively and to include alternates as backups. Clear communication among agents and family members about responsibilities reduces the risk of conflict. Reviewing both documents together periodically ensures they remain consistent with your current wishes and avoids unintended overlaps or contradictions between medical and financial decision-making authority.
Including instructions about organ donation and hospice care in your advance health care directive allows you to document personal preferences that might otherwise be unclear to family members and medical staff. If organ donation is important to you, state your intentions clearly and consider coordinating with registry enrollment. For hospice and palliative care preferences describe the balance you want between symptom control and life-extending treatments, which helps your agent and clinicians choose approaches consistent with your values. When specifying these preferences be as clear as possible about conditions under which certain actions should be taken and communicate them to your agent and family. Discussing these choices in advance helps reduce emotional conflict and ensures medical teams can honor your wishes regarding end-of-life care, comfort measures, and any preferences about organ recovery or donation.
If your health care agent and family members disagree about treatment, the written directive should guide decision-making and generally prevails as the best expression of your wishes. The agent is legally empowered to make medical decisions consistent with the directive, and health care providers typically follow the agent’s instructions when incapacity has been properly determined. To reduce disputes it is helpful to discuss your preferences with family members and the appointed agent before incapacity arises so everyone understands your priorities and the agent’s role. In cases of serious disagreement providers may involve hospital ethics committees or seek legal guidance to resolve disputes. Clear, specific directive language and a HIPAA authorization allowing the agent access to medical records improve the chances that the agent’s decisions will be accepted. If conflicts cannot be resolved informally, legal counsel or court involvement may sometimes be required, which is why careful drafting and open communication are important preventative measures.
Store the original signed directive in a secure but accessible location, such as a locked file at home, and provide copies to your health care agent, primary care physician, and any specialists you see regularly. Consider giving a copy to the hospital where you receive care and placing an electronic copy in a secure online medical record or personal document repository. Make sure the people who need the document know where it is kept and how to access it quickly in an emergency. It is also wise to carry a wallet card or note that indicates you have an advance health care directive and lists contact information for your agent. Regularly review and update the distribution list when you revise the directive, and ensure new versions are provided to the same contacts so hospitals and family members always have your most current instructions.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas