A Heggstad petition is a legal filing used in California to confirm that property held in the name of a deceased person was intended to be part of a trust and should be transferred to that trust without full probate administration. In Lodi and throughout San Joaquin County, these petitions can be an efficient way to resolve title issues when assets were not formally transferred into a trust during the settlor’s lifetime. This introduction explains the basics, the role of the court in confirming transfers, and the potential benefits of using a Heggstad petition to streamline estate administration and clarify ownership for successors and title companies.
Many people discover after a trustmaker’s death that deeds, account titles, or asset registrations were not updated, leaving assets technically outside the trust. A Heggstad petition provides a court procedure to establish that the settlor intended those assets to be trust property and to obtain a court order directing the transfer into the trust. This process can reduce delay and expense for beneficiaries and trustees when the facts clearly support trust ownership. The petition is appropriate when documentary evidence, witness testimony, or other records show the settlor’s trust intent regarding the asset at issue.
Filing a Heggstad petition can be important for resolving title problems that otherwise would impede the trustee’s ability to manage, sell, or transfer trust assets. The principal benefit is obtaining a judicial declaration that confirms trust ownership based on evidence of intent, which in turn allows property to be transferred without formal probate. This can protect beneficiaries’ interests, facilitate real estate closings, and provide clear documentation for banks and other institutions. In many cases a Heggstad petition is a practical and cost-effective method to clear title issues, avoid longer probate proceedings, and ensure assets are distributed according to the trust.
Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients in San Joaquin County and across California with a focus on estate planning and trust administration matters. Our office helps families address missing transfers to trusts, ambiguous beneficiary designations, and related title problems through careful document review and court filings such as Heggstad petitions. We combine years of practical courtroom and transactional experience to guide clients through complex procedural requirements while maintaining clear communication about options, timing, and likely outcomes. Call our office in San Jose at 408-528-2827 to discuss Heggstad petition concerns and next steps for your matter.
A Heggstad petition asks the probate court to declare that certain property belonged to a trust at the decedent’s death, even though legal title was not formally changed. The petitioner typically presents deeds, trust documents, beneficiary designations, correspondence, and witness declarations to show the settlor’s intent and the circumstances of the transfer. The court reviews the evidence and may hold a hearing where interested parties can appear. If the court finds the evidence persuasive, it can order the property transferred to the trust or otherwise provide the relief requested, enabling trustees to manage assets in accordance with trust terms.
The procedural requirements for a Heggstad petition include preparing a verified petition, gathering supporting declarations and exhibits, providing notice to interested parties, and complying with local court rules in San Joaquin County. Timely and thorough documentation is important; bank statements, trust schedules, correspondence with financial institutions, and testimony from individuals with direct knowledge can make a strong record. The process may be straightforward when documents demonstrate trust intent or more involved if ownership is contested or evidence is limited, so careful preparation and organization of materials is essential for an effective presentation to the court.
In essence, a Heggstad petition asks the court to recognize that a transfer intended to place property into a trust is effective despite a failure to complete formal title changes. The petition relies on statutes and case law that allow a court to determine property ownership based on the settlor’s intention and surrounding circumstances. Common examples include deeds that were never recorded, assets listed in trust schedules but still titled in the decedent’s name, or transfers intended to be made by pour-over will. The court’s declaration resolves uncertainty so trustees and fiduciaries can act with a clear legal basis.
Key elements of a successful Heggstad petition include demonstrating trust existence and terms, showing evidence that the asset was intended for the trust, producing supporting documents and declarations, and providing proper notice to interested parties. The process generally involves fact investigation, drafting the petition and supporting affidavits, filing with the probate court, serving notice, and attending a court hearing if required. Courts evaluate credibility and the totality of evidence. Planning ahead, organizing documentation, and framing the facts in a clear legal narrative can significantly improve the likelihood of a favorable ruling.
Understanding common terms related to Heggstad petitions helps clients follow the process and prepare appropriate documentation. Key concepts include trusts, settlors, trustees, beneficiaries, deeds, pour-over wills, constructive trust theories, and court declarations. Each term relates to how courts interpret intention and title. A clear grasp of these definitions informs evidence gathering and shapes expectations about outcomes. This section provides plain-language definitions and context so clients can communicate effectively with trustees, title companies, and the probate court when addressing asset transfers that were intended to be trust property.
A Heggstad petition is a specific probate filing used to obtain a court order declaring that particular property was intended to be part of a trust despite not being formally retitled. The petition is supported by evidence such as trust documents, deeds, schedules, and witness declarations that establish the settlor’s intent to transfer the asset to the trust. The resulting court order provides clear authority for the trustee to transfer, manage, or sell the asset under trust terms. This tool addresses administrative gaps and helps avoid prolonged probate proceedings when intent is demonstrable.
A pour-over will is a testamentary document that directs any assets not already transferred to the trust during the settlor’s lifetime to be poured over into the trust at death. While a pour-over will can help capture assets left out of the trust, it may still require probate administration for assets passing under the will. In contrast, a Heggstad petition seeks to show that certain assets should be treated as trust property without subjecting them to full probate, based on evidence the settlor intended those assets to belong to the trust.
A revocable living trust is a commonly used estate planning tool in which the settlor transfers assets into a trust during life and retains the ability to change terms or revoke the trust. Assets titled in the trust typically avoid probate, but when a transfer is incomplete or an asset remains titled in the settlor’s name, a Heggstad petition may be necessary to establish that the asset was intended to be trust property. The trust document, schedules, and related records are central to proving intent in these matters.
A trust modification petition is a separate type of court filing used to change trust terms or correct trust language under certain circumstances. While different from a Heggstad petition, which focuses on confirming ownership of assets, a modification petition may be required when ambiguities in the trust itself create obstacles to administration. In some cases both filings are relevant: one to confirm ownership and another to resolve ambiguities in trust provisions. Clear documentation and legal argument are necessary for either proceeding.
When assets are not titled in a trust as intended, there are a few legal paths to consider. Small estate procedures, full probate proceedings, Heggstad petitions, and trust modification filings each serve different circumstances. A Heggstad petition is tailored to proving trust intent for specific assets and can be quicker and less costly than full probate, provided the evidence supports the requested relief. The right course depends on factors such as asset value, complexity of ownership, potential disputes among interested parties, and the documentary record. Evaluating these options early helps minimize delay and expense.
A targeted Heggstad petition is often sufficient when there is clear documentary evidence that the settlor intended the asset to be held in the trust. This evidence can include a recorded deed referencing the trust, trust schedules listing the asset, correspondence indicating the settlor’s intent, or consistent account records. When such documentation is available and there are no substantial competing claims, a focused court filing can establish title quickly and allow the trustee to act without engaging in full probate administration, reducing both time and costs for beneficiaries and for the trustee.
A limited approach may be appropriate where the transfer is routine and unlikely to be contested, such as when all beneficiaries agree and there are no claims from creditors or third parties. In these situations that do not involve complex title disputes, the court can often approve a Heggstad petition on the submitted record or after a relatively brief hearing. Choosing this route helps preserve estate assets that would otherwise be consumed by extended proceedings while enabling timely property transfers in line with the trust’s terms.
A more comprehensive legal approach is often necessary when ownership or beneficiary status is disputed, or when multiple parties assert competing interests in the same asset. In such cases, additional pleadings, discovery, and detailed factual development may be required to resolve credibility questions and conflicting documentation. Preparing for contested proceedings includes identifying witnesses, collecting corroborating records, and anticipating legal arguments that opponents may raise. A carefully planned strategy reduces the risk of an unfavorable ruling and helps protect the trust’s and beneficiaries’ interests through litigation or negotiated resolution.
When trusts involve complex structures, multiple trustees, successor trustees, or assets located across jurisdictions, a broader legal approach is often required. These complexities can introduce procedural hurdles, choice-of-law questions, and coordination issues with title companies and financial institutions. A comprehensive plan addresses cross-jurisdictional filings, amendment or modification requests if trust language is unclear, and coordination with other ongoing estate matters. Addressing these elements early reduces the likelihood of delays and conflicting rulings that could frustrate administration of the trust.
Taking a comprehensive approach to trust and title issues provides several practical advantages: it helps anticipate and address disputes, ensures thorough documentation, coordinates multiple filings when necessary, and often results in more reliable, enforceable outcomes. Rather than addressing a single asset in isolation, a broad strategy evaluates the trust inventory, beneficiary interests, and potential creditor claims to chart the most efficient path to resolution. This approach can minimize the risk of reopening issues later and provide trustees with the clarity needed to carry out trust terms with confidence.
Comprehensive representation also supports better communication with third parties such as title companies, lenders, and financial institutions, which often require court orders or clarifying documentation before releasing assets or completing transactions. By preparing a complete evidentiary record and addressing procedural requirements in advance, the process of transferring assets into the trust and closing real estate transactions becomes smoother. This planning reduces transactional friction and helps beneficiaries receive property distributions in a timely and orderly manner.
A comprehensive approach strengthens the legal foundation for transfers by documenting intent and addressing potential challenges before they arise. When title problems are resolved through a complete record and court order, trustees and beneficiaries gain assurance that transfers are defensible against later claims. This protection extends to lenders and buyers who rely on clear title, and it reduces the chance of future litigation that could delay distributions or diminish estate value. Consistent documentation and careful presentation at the outset make it harder for disputes to derail estate administration later on.
By addressing potential conflicts, creditor issues, and document ambiguities up front, a comprehensive strategy reduces the likelihood of protracted litigation that can erode estate assets. Early, organized legal action can lead to negotiated resolutions or clear court determinations that shorten the timeline for final administration. Trustees benefit from having court orders or well-supported positions that deter challenges and facilitate practical transactions. Proactive planning and thorough record preparation often result in more predictable and efficient outcomes for all parties involved.
Collecting and organizing all relevant documents is essential for a successful Heggstad petition. Gather the trust agreement, trust schedules, deeds, account statements, beneficiary designations, correspondence related to the transfer, and any drafts or notes indicating the settlor’s intent. Label exhibits clearly and create a chronology of events that shows when transfers were intended and what steps were taken. Clear organization speeds legal review and helps the court understand the facts. Well-prepared documentation increases the likelihood of a favorable judicial determination and reduces delays caused by missing records.
Witness declarations and corroborating evidence play a valuable role when documentary records are limited. Identify individuals who have direct knowledge of the settlor’s intent or the circumstances of the transfer, including professionals who assisted with planning or witnesses to conversations. Obtain written declarations that describe firsthand observations, and secure supporting records such as emails, bills, or bank communications. Corroboration reduces the need for extended factual disputes at hearing and helps the court assess the credibility of the claimed intent to include the asset in the trust.
Consider a Heggstad petition when an asset appears to have been intended for the trust but remains titled in the decedent’s name or otherwise outside the trust. Common triggers include unrecorded deeds, bank accounts not re-titled, or assets listed on trust schedules but not formally transferred. When the facts demonstrate the settlor’s intention, a Heggstad petition can provide a practical court declaration allowing the trustee to manage or distribute the asset in accordance with the trust. Early assessment helps avoid unnecessary delay and facilitates estate administration.
A petition is also worth considering when third parties such as title companies, banks, or buyers require a court order to accept a trustee’s authority to sell or transfer property. When obtaining clear title is necessary for real estate transactions or closing accounts, the court’s declaration under a Heggstad petition can satisfy institutional requirements. If potential disputes are likely, initiating the petition before attempting sales or transfers may prevent interruptions and provide legal protection for trustees acting in good faith on the court’s order.
Common scenarios include real property with a deed in the decedent’s name but intended for the trust, accounts listed on a trust schedule but not retitled, and intangible assets where the transfer process was incomplete. Other situations involve clerical errors, failure to record deeds, or circumstances where the settlor believed transfers occurred but paperwork was not finalized. Recognizing these patterns early allows trustees to assemble the necessary proof and pursue the appropriate court remedies, reducing administrative friction for beneficiaries and title holders.
An often-encountered problem is when an asset appears on a trust schedule yet remains titled in the settlor’s name. This mismatch can create obstacles for trustees attempting to sell or transfer the asset. A Heggstad petition can reconcile the discrepancy by presenting the trust schedule, supporting documents, and testimony showing the settlor intended the asset to be in the trust. Resolving this issue through a court order helps trustees complete transactions and distribute assets without engaging in full probate administration.
Real estate deeds and vehicle titles sometimes remain in the decedent’s name due to oversight, delay, or confusion about transfer mechanics. Because title companies and buyers require clear title, trustees may need a court determination to proceed. A Heggstad petition can show that the decedent intended the property to belong to the trust and request a court order directing the transfer to the trustee. This process clears title defects and facilitates sales or other dispositions in accordance with the trust terms.
When estate planning documents are inconsistent, outdated, or contain ambiguous provisions, it can be unclear whether certain assets were meant to pass under the trust or by other means. In such cases, a Heggstad petition may be paired with review of the overall estate plan to present a complete picture of intent. Correcting inconsistencies, corroborating intent with evidence, and, if necessary, pursuing additional filings to clarify trust terms helps ensure assets are distributed as the settlor wished while minimizing future disputes among interested parties.
Our firm provides Heggstad petition services for clients in Lodi and throughout San Joaquin County, helping trustees and families resolve title issues and confirm trust ownership. We assist with document collection, drafting petitions and declarations, coordinating notice to interested parties, and representing clients at hearings when necessary. Our goal is to move matters forward efficiently so trustees can manage assets and beneficiaries can receive distributions. If you are facing a title problem or uncertain asset ownership after a trustmaker’s death, we can review the facts and recommend a practical path forward.
Clients turn to our firm for attentive service on trust administration and post-death title matters throughout California. We focus on clear communication, careful preparation of court filings, and coordinated handling of documents needed to support a Heggstad petition. Our approach centers on helping trustees understand their options, meet procedural requirements, and achieve efficient resolutions tailored to the facts. We work to minimize delay and unnecessary expense while preserving the interests of beneficiaries and trustees during the transfer process.
When handling Heggstad petitions we emphasize timely evidence gathering, organized presentation of records, and adherence to local court procedures. We prepare petitions, supporting declarations, and exhibits with attention to evidentiary detail, and we coordinate service and scheduling in compliance with probate rules. Early preparation and proactive communication with title companies, banks, and other institutions often speeds transfers once the court issues an order, so trustees can move forward with confidence and complete necessary real estate or account transactions without further delay.
If a matter is contested, we are prepared to pursue a thorough factual record and present the case at hearing, advocating for an outcome that reflects the settlor’s intentions. Our goal is to secure practical solutions that allow trustees to fulfill their duties and beneficiaries to receive their distributions. To discuss a Heggstad petition matter in Lodi or San Joaquin County, contact the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman at 408-528-2827 for an initial review and guidance on the next steps to protect property and trust interests.
Our process begins with a focused evaluation of the documents and facts to determine whether a Heggstad petition is appropriate. We then gather records, draft the petition and supporting declarations, and prepare exhibits that tell a clear factual narrative for the court. After filing we arrange notice to interested parties and monitor any responses. If a hearing is required we present the factual record and supporting testimony. The process is designed to be methodical and transparent so trustees and beneficiaries understand timelines and expectations at every stage.
The first step is a detailed review of the trust, deeds, account records, and any correspondence that sheds light on the settlor’s intent. We prepare a checklist of necessary documents, identify gaps in the record, and advise on practical ways to secure missing evidence. This stage focuses on assembling a persuasive evidentiary package, confirming interested parties, and evaluating the likelihood of contested claims. A thorough initial review positions the petition for a streamlined court process and helps determine the most efficient path forward.
Collecting trust documents, recorded deeds, property descriptions, account statements, and trust schedules is critical to support a petition. We review these materials to confirm ownership history and any indications that the settlor intended the assets to be part of the trust. When documents are missing, we help identify other sources of evidence such as bank records, billing statements, correspondence, or contemporaneous notes that corroborate the settlor’s intent. A well-organized exhibit binder simplifies the court’s review and strengthens the petition.
Witness declarations can bolster the factual record, so we identify individuals with direct knowledge and prepare concise, evidentiary declarations. These statements describe firsthand observations regarding the settlor’s intent, actions taken to transfer property, and any relevant conversations. Properly drafted declarations follow evidentiary norms and anticipate potential challenges, making the petition more persuasive at hearing. Gathering credible witness testimony early avoids last-minute surprises and supports a clear factual narrative for the court to consider.
Once documents and declarations are assembled, we draft a verified petition that presents the facts, legal basis, and requested relief in a clear and organized manner. Exhibits are attached and referenced, and required procedural documents are prepared for filing with the probate court. Attention to local rules and formatting requirements helps avoid delays caused by filings that are rejected or require amendment. Proper filing and immediate follow-up on service and scheduling are essential to maintain momentum in the case.
Drafting the petition involves citing relevant statutes and case law, clearly setting out the facts, and attaching documentary exhibits and witness declarations. Exhibits should be paginated and indexed so the court can easily verify the documentary record. The petition should articulate how the evidence demonstrates the settlor’s intent and why the requested court order is appropriate. A well-crafted petition reduces the chance of procedural challenges and helps the court reach a decision based on a complete factual presentation.
After filing the petition, appropriate notice must be provided to beneficiaries, heirs, trustees, and other interested persons in accordance with probate rules. Proofs of service are then filed with the court to confirm notice. Timely and proper service is essential to avoid procedural objections that could delay the hearing or invalidate portions of the proceeding. We prepare clear service instructions, handle service arrangements when necessary, and file the required documentation so the case proceeds on schedule.
If a hearing is scheduled, we present the evidentiary record and any witness declarations to the court, explaining why a judicial declaration is warranted. Following the hearing, if the court grants the petition, we obtain and prepare the required order for signature. The final step often involves recording the court order or preparing documents necessary to transfer title to the trustee and notifying institutions of the court’s determination. Completing these administrative steps ensures the property is recognized as trust property for all practical and legal purposes.
At the hearing the court may ask questions about the factual record, witness credibility, and the legal basis for relief. We are prepared to explain the documentation, summarize key evidence, and respond to inquiries regarding ownership history or any competing claims. Clear, focused presentation of the facts and exhibits helps the judge make an informed determination. If objections arise, the hearing is also the forum to address them and present rebuttal evidence to support the petition.
After the court issues an order, the trustee can use that order to complete transfers, record deeds, or otherwise adjust title records to reflect trust ownership. We assist in preparing the necessary instruments for the recorder’s office or for financial institutions to accept the court order. Recording the order or related documents completes the administrative process and provides public notice of the court’s determination, allowing trustees to proceed with sales, transfers, or distributions under the trust terms.
A Heggstad petition is a probate court filing in California that asks the court to declare certain property was intended to be part of a trust at the time of the settlor’s death, even if title was never formally changed. The petition relies on documentary evidence and witness declarations demonstrating the settlor’s intent and the circumstances of the transfer. When successful the court issues an order confirming trust ownership so trustees can take action consistent with the trust terms, which can simplify administration and help avoid unnecessary probate delay for that specific asset. The petition is a practical remedy when an asset appears to belong to the trust but remains in the decedent’s name due to oversight or incomplete transfer. It is often used for real estate deeds, bank accounts, and other titled property. The court evaluates the totality of evidence to determine whether an equitable declaration is appropriate. The goal is to provide a definitive legal basis to transfer or manage the asset under the trust without resorting to full probate for that single item.
A Heggstad petition becomes necessary when property that should belong to a trust remains titled in the decedent’s name and that unresolved title would prevent the trustee from managing, selling, or distributing the asset. Examples include deeds that were not recorded, accounts left in the settlor’s name, or assets referenced in the trust’s schedules but not formally transferred. If institutions like title companies or banks will not act without a court order, a Heggstad petition provides the required judicial determination to proceed under the trust. Not every overlooked transfer requires a Heggstad petition; in some cases informal documentation or institutional procedures can remedy the issue. However, when third parties insist on a court order or when ownership is disputed, pursuing a Heggstad petition is often the most effective means to obtain clear authority for the trustee and conclude the matter efficiently.
The timeline for a Heggstad petition can vary depending on the completeness of the documentary record, whether parties contest the petition, and the court’s calendar in San Joaquin County. When the evidence is clear and the petition is uncontested, the matter may be resolved relatively quickly after filing and proper notice, sometimes within a few months. However, contested matters or those requiring additional discovery and hearings can extend the timeline significantly as the case proceeds through court processes. Preparation time also affects overall duration: gathering deeds, trust documents, bank records, and witness declarations takes time, and scheduling hearings depends on court availability. Early organization and careful compliance with local rules help shorten delays by presenting a complete record at filing and avoiding procedural setbacks that could lengthen the process.
Evidence for a Heggstad petition typically includes the trust document, trust schedules listing the asset, recorded deeds or draft deeds, account statements, correspondence indicating intent to transfer, and witness declarations describing firsthand knowledge of the settlor’s actions or statements. Documentation that traces the history of the asset and shows consistent intent to include it in the trust is particularly persuasive. When direct documentation is limited, corroborating evidence and credible witness testimony become especially important in establishing the settlor’s intent. Organizing exhibits and creating a clear timeline of events helps the court understand the factual context. Declarations should be factual and concise, focused on what the declarant personally observed. The more thorough and coherent the evidentiary record, the more readily the court can evaluate the claim and issue an order confirming trust ownership when the facts support it.
A Heggstad petition can serve to avoid full probate for the specific asset at issue by obtaining a court declaration that it belonged to the trust at death. When the court issues such an order, the property can typically be transferred to the trustee and administered under the trust without subjecting that particular asset to probate distribution. This can streamline administration and reduce costs for affected beneficiaries, particularly when the asset is an otherwise straightforward matter of proof. However, a Heggstad petition does not resolve all probate matters for an estate. Assets that are exclusively governed by other testamentary documents or that have separate claims may still be subject to probate procedures. The petition addresses title and ownership for particular property items rather than serving as a blanket substitute for comprehensive estate administration.
Yes, beneficiaries or other interested persons can contest a Heggstad petition by filing objections or appearing at the court hearing to present contrary evidence or legal arguments. Grounds for contesting may include claims that the asset was not intended for the trust, allegations of undue influence, or factual disputes about the decedent’s intent. If a contest arises, the matter may require additional discovery, affidavit evidence, and testimonial hearings to resolve conflicting accounts and determine ownership. To reduce the likelihood of contest, it helps to gather corroborating documentation and credible witness statements before filing. Clear notice to interested parties also provides an opportunity for concerns to be raised and potentially resolved through stipulation rather than contentious litigation. When disputes cannot be resolved, the court makes a determination based on the preponderance of evidence presented at hearing.
Costs for filing a Heggstad petition in California vary based on court filing fees, the need for investigation and document collection, preparation of declarations and exhibits, and whether the matter is contested. When a petition is uncontested and documentation is well organized, costs are generally lower because the process is more administrative in nature. Contested cases that require additional motion practice, discovery, and hearings will be more expensive due to increased attorney time and court involvement. It is advisable to discuss fee structures and anticipated costs up front so you understand the likely range for your matter. In many scenarios the cost of pursuing a focused petition is less than the expense and delay associated with full probate administration for the same asset, making the petition a practical option in suitable cases.
To begin the process with our office, contact Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman at 408-528-2827 to schedule an initial review. We will ask for copies of the trust, deeds, account statements, and any correspondence that may bear on the settlor’s intent. During the initial assessment we identify missing records, discuss the factual context, and advise whether a Heggstad petition is likely to be the appropriate remedy based on the available evidence and the interests of potential parties. If proceeding, we assist in gathering required documentation, drafting the petition and supporting declarations, coordinating notice to interested persons, and filing with the probate court. We will explain timelines, procedural steps, and what to expect at hearing so you are prepared throughout the process and trustees can proceed with confidence once the court’s order is obtained.
Once the court grants a Heggstad petition and issues an order, the trustee can use that order to retitle property, record deeds, and complete transfers with banks, title companies, or other institutions. The order provides public documentation that the court has determined the asset was trust property at the decedent’s death, enabling practical steps such as sales, distributions, or recordation. Our office assists in preparing any forwarding documentation required by the recorder’s office or financial institutions to implement the court’s directive. Recording the court order or following institutional procedures finalizes the administrative steps necessary to reflect the asset as trust property. After these actions trustees can continue trust administration and distributions with greater certainty, and beneficiaries can receive property or proceeds in accordance with the trust terms.
A Heggstad petition is not the same as a trust modification petition. A Heggstad petition seeks a court determination that a particular asset should be treated as trust property based on the settlor’s intent, whereas a trust modification petition seeks to change the terms of the trust or correct ambiguities within the trust itself. Both filings can be part of resolving trust administration issues, but they serve different legal purposes and rely on different factual and legal showings. In practice both petitions may sometimes be necessary when an asset’s ownership is unclear and the trust language requires clarification. Coordinating these filings ensures that both title issues and trust provisions are resolved so trustees can administer the trust in a manner consistent with the settlor’s overall plan.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas