If you are considering changes to an existing trust in Daly City, a trust modification petition can provide a clear, court-supervised path to adjust terms, correct errors, or respond to changed circumstances. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assists residents of San Mateo County with trust-related matters including petitions to modify trusts established through revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, and related estate planning documents. This page outlines common reasons for modification, the legal process that may be involved, and how the firm approaches petitions with care, clarity, and attention to each client’s goals for preserving family assets and implementing updated intentions.
A trust modification petition can address a range of issues from administrative updates to more substantive changes in beneficiaries, trust terms, or fiduciary duties. Whether changes are prompted by marriage, divorce, births, deaths, changes in financial circumstances, or faulty drafting, a petition can provide a formal route to accomplish those objectives while protecting beneficiaries’ interests. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman help clients evaluate whether a petition is appropriate, explain alternatives such as informal trust amendments, and guide clients through statutory requirements and local court practices in San Mateo County to seek a durable, legally enforceable result.
A properly handled trust modification petition preserves estate planning goals while adapting a trust to current realities, reducing uncertainty for beneficiaries and trustees. For many families, addressing ambiguities or outdated provisions through the court process prevents later disputes and litigation after the trust creator’s death. The petition process also provides formal judicial approval which can be helpful when parties disagree or when third parties such as banks or retirement plan administrators require documentation. By resolving issues proactively, a modification petition can maintain asset protection, clarify fiduciary duties, and align the trust with tax, elder law, or disability planning considerations.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients in Daly City and across San Mateo County with a focus on estate planning and trust administration. The firm handles matters including revocable living trusts, trust modifications, trust administration petitions, guardianship nominations, and related estate planning tools like wills and powers of attorney. We emphasize practical, clear guidance tailored to each client’s family situation, financial goals, and long-term planning priorities. From initial evaluation through filing and court proceedings, the firm strives to deliver thorough preparation, regular communication, and strategies designed to reduce conflict and preserve family relationships.
A trust modification petition asks the court to permit changes to an existing trust document when circumstances make amendment by the trust’s creator impractical or when parties disagree on interpretation. In California, the process may involve demonstrating changed circumstances, ambiguity, mistake, or incapacity that justify judicial intervention. Trust modification petitions are distinct from simple amendments because they often require notice to beneficiaries, evidence, and court approval. The petition helps create a binding legal order that clarifies trust terms, resolves disputed claims, or updates trusteeship arrangements for ongoing trust administration and distribution matters.
Before filing, the firm evaluates whether alternative routes such as a private amendment, restatement, or decanting are available under the trust terms and California law. When court involvement is needed, the petition process requires careful factual development, documentation of the trust’s original intent, and explanation of how the proposed changes serve the trust’s purposes. The process also considers the rights of beneficiaries, creditors, and other interested parties, balancing the need for updated trust terms with legal protections. The firm prepares petitions and supporting declarations to present a clear, persuasive basis for relief in the local court.
A trust modification petition asks the court to approve specific changes to the terms or administration of a trust, which can include correcting drafting errors, clarifying ambiguous provisions, changing trustee powers, or adapting distributions to reflect changed circumstances. The petition can be based on the trust maker’s intent, unforeseen changes in family circumstances, legal developments, or the need to rectify mistakes in the original instrument. By seeking judicial approval, the parties aim to create a clear legal basis for administering the trust going forward and to minimize the risk of future disputes among beneficiaries or third parties involved in administering trust assets.
Successful petitions typically include a clear statement of the requested modification, evidence supporting the requested change, notice to all interested parties, and proposed orders for the court to enter. The process often begins with a thorough review of the trust document, related estate planning instruments, and any prior communications indicating the trust maker’s intent. The petition should demonstrate why the proposed change is consistent with the trust’s purpose, or why circumstances justify judicial intervention. The firm prepares declarations, exhibits, and proposed orders to streamline court consideration and to comply with California Probate Code requirements.
Understanding common terms helps clients navigate trust modification petitions with greater confidence. Terms include trustee, beneficiary, settlor or trust maker, revocable and irrevocable trusts, petition, order, decanting, and pour-over will. The firm explains how each concept applies to a client’s situation and clarifies legal consequences associated with amendments and modifications. Clear definitions reduce confusion and support informed decision-making throughout the process of seeking court approval or pursuing alternative, less formal mechanisms to achieve updated trust provisions.
The trust maker, sometimes called the settlor, is the person who created the trust and established its terms. In a trust modification context, the trust maker’s prior statements, intent, and capacity are important to interpreting and justifying requested changes. When the trust maker is alive, modifications may be achieved through amendment if the trust is revocable, but when the maker is deceased or lacks capacity, a petition may be necessary. The trust maker’s earlier actions and documents such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, and related instruments provide critical evidence for the court.
The trustee is the individual or entity appointed to hold and manage trust assets according to the trust’s terms and fiduciary duties. Trustees have responsibilities that include investing assets prudently, following distribution provisions, and providing accountings to beneficiaries when required. In a modification petition, changes to trustee powers or a request to remove or appoint a trustee may be sought to ensure proper administration. The court evaluates proposed trustee changes by considering fiduciary duties, potential conflicts, and the overall best interests of beneficiaries and the trust’s purposes.
A beneficiary is a person or entity entitled to receive benefits from the trust according to its terms. Beneficiaries have legal rights that include notice of certain proceedings and the ability to object to proposed modifications that might affect their interests. When a petition is filed, beneficiaries must be given notice so they can appear or respond. The court weighs beneficiary rights and the proposed modifications to ensure fairness and adherence to the trust maker’s intent while protecting legitimate expectations under the trust.
Decanting refers to transferring assets from one trust to another trust with different terms, when permitted by the trust document or state law, as a mechanism to update terms without court involvement. Where decanting is not available or when parties disagree on its use, a petition to modify the trust may be required. Decanting can be a flexible tool to change trustee powers, distribution provisions, or administrative directions. The firm assesses whether decanting or a court petition better serves the client’s goals and advises on statutory requirements and procedural steps for either approach.
Choosing among private amendment, decanting, or a trust modification petition depends on the trust terms, the trust maker’s capacity, beneficiary consent, and the nature of the changes needed. Private amendments can be the simplest route when the trust is revocable and all parties agree, while decanting may offer flexibility when statutes permit. A court petition provides a formal, enforceable solution where there is dispute, ambiguity, incapacity, or potential creditor or tax implications. The firm reviews documentation and family dynamics to recommend the most predictable and legally sound path forward for each situation.
Minor administrative updates such as correcting a name, address, or clerical error, clarifying an ambiguous term, or updating contact details often can be resolved through a simple amendment when the trust is revocable and the trust maker is available and willing to sign the amendment. Such adjustments do not usually affect substantive beneficiary rights and can be handled without court involvement. The firm helps determine whether corrective language can be drafted to address the issue and documents the change to preserve continuity in trust administration for trustees and financial institutions.
When all beneficiaries and the trustee agree on changes, and the trust instrument allows private modifications or decanting, parties may carry out revisions outside court. Such consensual adjustments reduce cost, time, and the exposure of sensitive family details to public court records. The firm assists with drafting agreements, ensuring clear language that addresses the intended changes, and confirming compliance with statutory requirements to ensure the modifications are legally effective and enforceable without judicial intervention.
A comprehensive approach including court filings is often necessary when beneficiaries dispute the proposed changes, when the trust language is ambiguous, or when the trust maker is incapacitated or deceased and cannot consent to amendments. In these circumstances, a petition provides clarity, an official record, and binding orders that resolve competing claims. The firm prepares detailed petitions that present evidence, proposed orders, and legal arguments to the probate department, seeking rulings that protect the trust’s purpose while respecting beneficiary rights and procedural safeguards.
Complex situations involving potential tax consequences, creditor claims, or regulatory requirements may require court involvement to achieve certainty and compliance. Where modifications could affect estate tax calculations, creditor rights, or retirement plan distributions, a court-approved modification can reduce later challenges from third parties. The firm coordinates with financial advisors and tax professionals as needed, assembles supporting documentation, and presents the factual and legal basis to the court to obtain orders that address these complex intersecting concerns while protecting the intentions of the trust maker.
Pursuing a court-authorized modification can provide finality and legal enforceability, which is particularly valuable when beneficiaries or third parties might later question the validity of changes. Judicial approval reduces the risk of subsequent litigation, provides a public record of the change, and offers the court’s oversight in ensuring the modification aligns with the trust maker’s intent and statutory requirements. For families seeking durable solutions that will withstand scrutiny from financial institutions, creditors, or future beneficiaries, the court route offers clarity and an official directive for trustees to follow.
In addition to enforceability, a comprehensive approach often includes careful documentary preparation, which strengthens the legal foundation for trust administration and reduces ambiguity during distribution. The process encourages thorough notice, disclosure, and an opportunity for affected parties to be heard, which helps avoid surprise disputes. For trustees, a court order modifying the trust provides authority to act under the revised terms with confidence. The firm’s representation helps ensure petitions are supported by robust evidence and legally sound arguments to secure stable outcomes.
A court-approved modification typically provides finality that private agreements may lack, cutting off potential future claims that could otherwise subject the trust to costly disputes. By documenting the reasons for the change and obtaining a judicial order, trustees and beneficiaries receive a clear directive on how to administer and distribute trust assets. This degree of finality helps preserve estate assets for their intended purpose and allows trustees to proceed without fear of later successful challenges based on technicalities or contested interpretations of prior documents.
Court oversight provides protections for both trustees and beneficiaries by ensuring that modifications are legally justified and that interested parties have had notice and an opportunity to be heard. Trustees who follow an approved court order gain assurance that their actions are authorized and defensible. Beneficiaries gain clarity about their rights and the rationale for changes. The process thus balances interests and reduces the likelihood of future disagreements, allowing trustees to focus on practical administration rather than ongoing legal uncertainty.
Before seeking a modification, collect the original trust document, any amendments or restatements, related wills, powers of attorney, and financial records. Detailed documentation of asset ownership, account statements, and communications that reflect the trust maker’s intent can strengthen a petition. Organizing beneficiary contact information and records of prior distributions or trustee actions is also helpful. Clear records support accurate declarations and reduce delays during court review, helping to present a coherent narrative that explains why the requested modifications align with the trust’s purpose and the trust maker’s likely intentions.
Explore whether private amendments, decanting, or beneficiary agreements may achieve the desired outcome without court involvement. When tax, retirement, or creditor issues are present, coordinate with financial advisors, accountants, or other professionals to evaluate consequences and develop supporting evidence. Where court action is necessary, a collaborative approach helps produce a petition that addresses related concerns and anticipates questions from the court. Early coordination often reduces procedural friction and helps secure more efficient, stable results for the trust and beneficiaries.
Consider a petition when trust language is ambiguous, when beneficiaries disagree on interpretation, when the trustee’s powers need adjustment, or when the trust maker’s circumstances have changed significantly. Other reasons include the need to correct drafting mistakes, address changed tax or retirement planning considerations, or react to creditor claims that affect administration. A petition may also be appropriate when a formal judicial record is required to satisfy financial institutions or to create an authoritative directive for trustees to follow in administering trust assets without future dispute.
Families also pursue court-approved modifications to protect vulnerable beneficiaries, to clarify distribution timing, or to remove or appoint trustees for reasons that affect effective administration. Where assets include retirement accounts, real property, or business interests, formal modification can prevent disputes that might otherwise arise from uncertain provisions. The firm reviews the trust, family dynamics, and applicable law to recommend whether a petition or an alternative approach best protects the interests of beneficiaries and preserves the trust maker’s intended legacy.
Situations prompting petitions often include divorce or remarriage, the birth or adoption of children or grandchildren, changes in beneficiary circumstances such as death or incapacity, relocation across states, and mistakes in the original trust document. Other triggers include disputes over trustee conduct, newly discovered assets, or changes in tax law that affect distribution strategies. A petition can address these circumstances by seeking clarification, correction, or rearrangement of distribution provisions in a way that reflects updated family and financial realities.
Major life events such as marriage, divorce, the birth of children, or the death of a beneficiary frequently require updates to trusts to reflect new relationships and responsibilities. These changes can affect who should receive assets, when distributions should occur, and which protections are necessary for vulnerable beneficiaries. A petition can modify the trust to accommodate new circumstances while documenting the reasons for the change, ensuring that the trust continues to operate in a manner consistent with current family needs and the trust maker’s likely intentions.
Drafting errors or ambiguous language can create uncertainty about the trust maker’s intent and can lead to disputes among beneficiaries or confusion for trustees. When such issues cannot be easily resolved by clarifying language among interested parties, a petition provides a judicial forum to interpret the document, correct mistakes, and enter an order that removes ambiguity. Addressing these problems proactively prevents costly litigation later and helps ensure the trust’s terms are administered as intended.
Concerns about a trustee’s ability, willingness, or conduct may necessitate changes in trusteeship or trustee powers. A petition can request removal or replacement of a trustee, adjustment of trustee powers, or clarification of duties to facilitate proper administration. Court approval provides a formal mechanism to resolve disputes and to empower a trustee to act under revised terms, which is particularly important when assets require decisive administration or when beneficiaries seek assurance that the trust is being managed in a way that protects their interests.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman is available to help residents of Daly City and nearby communities evaluate whether a trust modification petition is the right solution. We provide careful review of trust documents, advise on alternatives such as amendments or decanting, and prepare petitions, declarations, and proposed orders when court involvement is necessary. Our practice aims to reduce conflict, clarify rights, and secure stable outcomes for trustees and beneficiaries, while maintaining clear communication and practical guidance tailored to the client’s family and financial objectives.
Clients choose the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman for thoughtful, client-centered representation in trust modification matters and related estate planning services. The firm assists with a broad range of documents including revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives, so we can evaluate modifications in the context of a client’s overall plan. We focus on practical solutions that balance legal clarity with family stability, taking time to explain options and likely outcomes in clear, accessible terms to support informed decision-making.
Our approach emphasizes thorough preparation and clear communication, from gathering relevant documents to preparing polished petitions and supporting declarations for the probate court. We help clients anticipate questions from beneficiaries and the court, and we work to resolve issues through negotiation when possible to avoid unnecessary expense and public court proceedings. When court action is necessary, the firm presents a well-supported case designed to achieve enforceable modifications that reduce the risk of future disputes and ensure the trust is administered according to updated directions.
Clients also benefit from our local understanding of San Mateo County and Daly City practices, including procedural requirements in the local probate department. This familiarity helps streamline filings, coordinate notices, and prepare documents that conform to local expectations. In addition to trust modification petitions, our services include estate planning instruments such as wills, powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and specialized trusts when appropriate, enabling a comprehensive approach to preserving and managing family assets and intentions.
Our process begins with an initial consultation to review the trust and related documents, followed by a careful assessment of whether an amendment, decanting, or petition is appropriate. If a petition is needed, we draft the petition, supporting declarations, and any proposed orders, prepare proof of service for interested parties, and submit filings to the probate department. Throughout the process we keep clients informed, coordinate with other advisors when needed, and prepare for hearings by gathering evidence and crafting clear, persuasive arguments to present the legal and factual basis for the requested modification.
The first step is a comprehensive document review and strategy session to understand the trust maker’s intent, the trust’s provisions, and the facts that motivate the requested change. We gather the trust document, any amendments, related estate planning instruments, and financial records to assess potential legal avenues. This initial review identifies whether informal remedies are available or whether a petition is necessary, and it forms the basis for a tailored plan that considers family dynamics, beneficiary interests, and applicable California law.
We collect originals and copies of the trust, prior amendments, wills, powers of attorney, account statements, and any correspondence that sheds light on the trust maker’s intent. An organized factual record helps us evaluate claims of mistake, ambiguity, or changed circumstances and supports declarations filed with the court. This documentation also helps identify beneficiaries and interested parties who must be notified, and ensures the petition is supported by clear evidence rather than speculation or incomplete records.
During the initial review we also assess whether alternatives such as private amendments, decanting, or beneficiary agreements could achieve the desired result more quickly and with less cost. When alternatives are feasible and all parties agree, we draft appropriate documents and counsel clients on potential risks. If a court petition is required, we prepare the factual narrative and legal foundation necessary for filing, including anticipating likely objections and planning strategies to address concerns raised by beneficiaries or third parties.
When court action is warranted, we prepare the petition, supporting declarations, exhibits, and proposed orders for filing in the probate department. Our preparation includes drafting clear factual statements, legal arguments, and evidence to support the requested modification, as well as preparing proof of service forms and notices for beneficiaries and interested parties. Careful preparation helps minimize procedural delays and increases the chance of a timely resolution, while keeping clients informed of filing timelines and what to expect during the court process.
We prepare detailed declarations from the trust maker if available, trustees, or other witnesses to support the factual basis for the requested change, and compile relevant exhibits such as account statements, prior drafts, and correspondence. These materials form the evidentiary foundation for the petition and are organized to present a logical, persuasive case to the judge. Well-prepared declarations help the court understand the trust maker’s intent and the practical reasons for the requested modification.
We serve formal notice to all required parties and monitor responses or objections. Proper service and timely responses are essential to avoid procedural setbacks. If beneficiaries object, we evaluate the objections, attempt to negotiate resolutions where possible, and prepare replies or amendments to the petition as needed. Where disputes persist, we will assist clients in preparing for hearings and presenting evidence in a way that addresses the court’s concerns while advocating for a fair outcome that reflects the trust maker’s likely intent and the trust’s underlying purposes.
After filing, the petition may be decided on the papers or proceed to a hearing depending on the nature of objections and the court’s calendar. We prepare clients and witnesses for hearings, present the factual and legal basis for the requested modification, and propose orders that implement the court’s decision. Once an order is entered, we assist with executing the change, updating trust records, and advising trustees on carrying out administration consistent with the new terms to ensure a smooth transition and minimize risk of further disputes.
When a hearing is necessary, we thoroughly prepare declarations, evidence, and witness testimony to support the petition, and prepare clients for questions that may arise during court proceedings. Clear presentation of facts and adherence to probate procedures help the judge grasp the legal and practical reasons for modification. Our goal is to obtain a clear, enforceable order that resolves disputes, addresses beneficiary concerns, and provides trustees with definitive guidance on administering the trust going forward.
Once the court issues an order, we assist with updating trust records, notifying financial institutions, and advising trustees on implementing the changes, including any revised distribution schedules or trustee powers. We prepare any required filings and provide guidance to ensure the court-approved modifications are reflected in administration practices, bank and title records, and related estate planning documents. This follow-through helps ensure the intended changes take effect efficiently and reduces the chance of further disputes or confusion.
A trust modification petition is a court filing that requests judicial approval to change the terms or administration of a trust when informal amendment is not possible or when parties disagree. It is typically necessary when the trust maker is incapacitated or deceased, when the trust document contains ambiguities or mistakes, or when beneficiaries cannot reach agreement on desired changes. The petition explains the requested modifications and the legal and factual basis for the court to grant relief, providing an enforceable order that guides trustees and beneficiaries going forward. The petition process requires careful documentation, notice to all interested parties, and adherence to probate rules. The court will consider evidence such as the trust instrument, declarations, and relevant communications before deciding. The purpose is to ensure changes align with the trust maker’s intent and to protect beneficiary rights. Because each case differs, timelines and outcomes vary, but the petition route offers a formal, durable solution when private remedies are not feasible.
The timeline for a trust modification petition in San Mateo County depends on factors including court schedules, whether objections are filed, and the complexity of the factual record. Some petitions can be resolved on the papers within several weeks to a few months if there are no disputes, while contested matters that require hearings or additional discovery can take several months to over a year. Early preparation, clear documentation, and proper service of notice help shorten procedural delays when possible. Preparation and negotiating with beneficiaries before filing can also speed resolution. Where objections occur, mediation or settlement discussions may resolve matters more quickly than litigating a full hearing. The firm assists clients in managing expectations and pursuing efficient paths, including seeking stipulated orders when parties agree, to reduce time and expense associated with contested probate proceedings.
Yes, beneficiaries can contest a proposed trust modification by filing objections or responses to the petition, raising issues such as lack of notice, insufficient evidence of the trust maker’s intent, undue influence, or procedural defects. The court will consider those objections and the supporting evidence before deciding whether to grant the requested modification. The presence of objections often leads to a hearing and may require further factual development through declarations or discovery. To reduce the likelihood of successful challenges, it is important to provide clear evidence, accurate notice, and to address potential beneficiary concerns proactively. Where possible, negotiating with beneficiaries and obtaining their written consent can avoid contested litigation. When objections persist, the firm prepares a focused response to the objections and advocates for an outcome that protects the trust’s purpose and beneficiary interests.
Alternatives to filing a court petition include private amendments when the trust is revocable and the trust maker can sign a modification, decanting where statutes and trust terms permit transferring assets to a new trust with different terms, and beneficiary agreements that document a consensual change. These approaches can be faster and less costly, and they keep family matters out of public court records, but they require the cooperation of necessary parties and legal authority under the trust document or state law. Before choosing an alternative, it is important to confirm the legal validity of the approach and to consider third-party requirements such as bank or retirement plan procedures. The firm evaluates whether these options are available and advisable in a client’s situation, drafts the required documents, and coordinates the process to ensure changes are legally effective and properly implemented.
Yes, most court filings, including trust modification petitions and the resulting orders, become part of the public record in the probate department. That means details of the petition and the court’s order may be accessible through court records. For clients concerned about privacy, alternatives such as private amendments or decanting can be preferable when feasible and legally appropriate, as those methods typically avoid public court files. When court action is necessary, the firm helps limit unnecessary dissemination by focusing filings on essential facts and by advising clients about what to expect from the public record. In some cases, the court may permit certain documents to be filed under seal for sensitive information, but such requests require justification and are not guaranteed.
A petition can request changes to a trustee’s powers, duties, or authority, including expanding or limiting powers to make distributions, invest assets, or manage property. It can also seek the removal or replacement of a trustee when warranted. The court evaluates the requested changes against fiduciary standards and the trust maker’s intent, ensuring that any adjustments serve the trust’s purposes and protect beneficiary interests. Courts generally aim to balance trustee flexibility with safeguards against misuse of authority. When powers are modified by court order, trustees gain clarity and legal backing for actions taken under the new terms. The firm prepares precise proposed orders to give trustees the direction needed to administer the trust effectively and in compliance with the court’s ruling.
Yes, providing notice to beneficiaries and other interested parties is a legal requirement in most trust modification proceedings. Proper service ensures that those with a potential interest in the trust have an opportunity to respond or object. The notification process helps the court confirm that interested parties have had a chance to be heard before an order is entered, which reduces the risk of later challenges based on lack of notice. Accurate identification of interested parties and proof of service are critical. The firm assists in identifying beneficiaries and preparing the necessary proof of service documents, maintaining records of mailings and filings to demonstrate compliance with notice requirements and to support the integrity of the petition process.
Yes, trusts can be modified after the trust maker dies through a court petition in many circumstances, particularly when the language is ambiguous, there has been a mistake in drafting, or administration requires clarification. Such petitions ask the court to interpret the trust or to approve changes that reflect what the trust maker likely intended, given changed circumstances or errors that became apparent after death. The probate court’s oversight provides legal authority to implement modifications when private amendment is no longer an option. Post-death petitions require careful evidence, such as prior drafts, correspondence, testimony about the trust maker’s intent, and documentation of changed circumstances. The firm compiles relevant evidence and presents it to the court in a well-organized petition to seek orders that guide trustees and beneficiaries in carrying out the trust maker’s intentions after death.
Evidence that supports a successful petition typically includes the trust instrument and prior related documents, communications reflecting the trust maker’s intent, declarations from witnesses or family members, and financial records showing asset ownership and distribution history. Prior drafts, notes, or correspondence with advisors that indicate the trust maker’s wishes can be particularly persuasive. Documentary evidence demonstrating changed circumstances or mistakes in drafting also strengthens a petition’s factual foundation. Affidavits from trustees, family members, and professionals who had direct contact with the trust maker may supplement documentary evidence. The court evaluates the totality of the evidence to determine whether the requested modification aligns with the trust maker’s intent and serves the trust’s purpose, so careful assembly and presentation of supporting materials are essential.
Costs vary depending on complexity, the need for hearings, and whether disputes arise. Uncontested matters resolved on the papers or by stipulation can be resolved with modest legal fees and court filing costs, while contested petitions that require hearings, extensive discovery, or multiple declarations will be more expensive. Other costs can include fees for serving notices and obtaining certified copies. The firm provides fee estimates after an initial review and discusses strategies to manage costs, including pursuing alternative dispute resolution when appropriate. Clients can often reduce expense by organizing documents early, providing full disclosure of relevant facts, and exploring consensual solutions when feasible. Transparent communication about fees and budgeting options helps clients plan for the probable range of costs and pursue the most cost-effective route that still protects beneficiary interests and the integrity of the trust.
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