A HIPAA authorization is a legal document that allows designated individuals to access a person’s protected health information. In the context of estate planning, a properly drafted HIPAA authorization ensures that family members or fiduciaries can obtain medical records, communicate with medical providers, and make informed decisions when an individual cannot speak for themselves. For residents of Los Altos Hills and Santa Clara County, having clear health information release documents prevents delays in care and reduces confusion during stressful health emergencies. This introduction explains why a HIPAA authorization belongs with other estate planning papers like a living trust and advance health care directive.
Preparing a HIPAA authorization alongside documents such as a revocable living trust, durable power of attorney for finances, and an advance health care directive creates a consistent plan for managing both health and financial matters. This combined approach helps ensure that the people you trust can access necessary records and act on your behalf when needed. In practical terms, a HIPAA authorization complements guardianship nominations, certification of trust, and other trust-related documents by clarifying who may receive medical information and under what conditions. This section outlines the role of a HIPAA authorization within a broader estate plan tailored to California families.
A HIPAA authorization provides legal permission for named individuals to obtain protected health information that would otherwise be inaccessible due to federal privacy rules. The benefits are practical: it allows trusted agents to coordinate care, review medical histories, and communicate with providers about diagnosis and treatment. For families in Los Altos Hills, this means faster access to records when time matters, improved continuity of care, and fewer administrative hurdles during emergencies. Additionally, pairing the authorization with documents like a pour-over will or general assignment of assets to trust helps ensure personal affairs are managed holistically and efficiently when medical issues arise.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman has assisted San Jose and Santa Clara County residents with estate planning needs, including HIPAA authorizations, for many years. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, practical document drafting, and responsive client service to make sure each HIPAA authorization aligns with a client’s overall estate plan. We help clients choose appropriate designees, set sensible time limits or event-based triggers, and coordinate the authorization with advance health care directives and powers of attorney. Our goal is to make medical information access straightforward for families when it matters most while maintaining compliance with applicable law.
HIPAA authorizations are distinct from medical power of attorney and advance health care directives but closely related in function. A HIPAA authorization specifically permits access to protected health information under the federal privacy rule, while a health care agent under an advance health care directive can make treatment decisions. When combined, these documents allow a trusted person both to see necessary medical records and to make choices consistent with the person’s wishes. Crafting an effective authorization requires attention to who is named, what types of records are covered, and how long the authorization remains effective. Clear drafting prevents confusion and delays when providers request written permission.
In California, HIPAA authorizations should be drafted to reflect state and federal requirements and should integrate smoothly with trust documents and powers of attorney. Practical decisions include whether to grant broad ongoing access or narrower access tied to a specific event or time period, and whether to include successor designees in case the primary person is unavailable. A HIPAA authorization can also be limited to particular providers, types of information, or date ranges. Thoughtful planning ensures access without unintended breadth, protecting privacy while enabling family members and fiduciaries to act quickly when healthcare decisions and continuity of care are needed.
A HIPAA authorization is a written and signed document that permits a covered entity, such as a hospital or clinic, to disclose protected health information to a designated person or organization. It must specify the information to be released, the recipient, an expiration date or event, and the signer’s rights to revoke the authorization. The authorization enables family members and fiduciaries to obtain medical records needed for decision-making, insurance claims, care coordination, and legal matters like trust administration. Understanding the authorization’s scope and limitations helps people choose appropriate wording so that access is granted only as intended.
An effective HIPAA authorization includes clear identification of the patient, the individual or entity authorized to receive information, a description of the information to be disclosed, and a specified time frame or trigger for expiration. It also addresses whether the authorization covers mental health records, substance abuse treatment records, or other specially protected categories, if needed. The authorization should explain how to revoke the permission and state any re-disclosure limitations. When combined with trust and estate documents, the authorization helps ensure fiduciaries can access records to manage assets, address medical bills, and fulfill nomination and guardianship responsibilities without unnecessary delays or disputes.
Below are concise definitions of terms commonly used when drafting HIPAA authorizations and related estate planning documents. Familiarity with these terms helps clients make informed choices about who may access medical records, which records are included, and how long permission lasts. The glossary covers standard items such as protected health information, designee, revocation, covered entity, and related trust terminology that may appear alongside a HIPAA authorization. Clear definitions reduce misunderstandings and support coordinated planning across your estate and healthcare documents.
Protected Health Information, or PHI, refers to individually identifiable health information held or transmitted by a covered entity, whether electronic, paper, or oral. This includes medical histories, lab results, imaging, diagnoses, treatment records, and billing information that can identify an individual. A HIPAA authorization explicitly grants permission for PHI to be disclosed to named individuals or entities. When creating an authorization, clients should decide whether to permit broad access to PHI or limit disclosure to specific records, date ranges, or providers to balance privacy with the need for information during decision-making or estate administration.
A designee is the person named in the authorization who is allowed to receive PHI, such as a spouse, adult child, or trustee. Including a successor designee provides continuity if the primary designee is unavailable or unable to act. Naming successor designees prevents delays by ensuring someone can step in to access records when necessary. In combination with documents like a certification of trust or general assignment of assets to trust, naming appropriate successors helps maintain a seamless process for both medical information access and trust administration, reducing the chance of disputes or gaps in care coordination.
Revocation is the right to cancel a previously signed HIPAA authorization at any time, subject to legal and contractual limitations. The authorization should specify how revocation must be communicated, often in writing, and note any actions taken before revocation that cannot be undone. Expiration defines when the authorization automatically ends, whether at a fixed date, upon the occurrence of a specified event, or when the signer’s estate is settled. Clear revocation and expiration provisions prevent confusion about who may access PHI and for how long, preserving both privacy and access needs during critical periods.
A covered entity is an organization or individual subject to HIPAA, such as hospitals, physicians, clinics, and insurers. Re-disclosure refers to the recipient’s potential sharing of PHI after receiving it under a HIPAA authorization. An effective authorization may include language limiting re-disclosure to preserve confidentiality, though certain recipients may be subject to different rules. Understanding which entities are covered and how re-disclosure is treated helps clients draft authorizations that protect sensitive information while allowing authorized persons to obtain and use records for treatment, claims, or estate administration needs.
When planning access to medical information, individuals can choose between narrowly tailored authorizations and broader, ongoing permissions. A limited authorization may specify certain providers, records, or a short time frame, which can protect privacy but may require new releases if circumstances change. A broader authorization grants ongoing access to a trusted person and reduces paperwork and delays when records are needed for decision-making or trust administration. Selecting the right approach depends on a person’s comfort with disclosure, the complexity of their medical needs, and the role of fiduciaries in managing estate and healthcare matters in California.
A limited authorization is appropriate when access is needed for a discrete medical issue, a single provider, or a short period. For example, obtaining records related to a particular surgery, test, or recent hospitalization can often be handled with a narrowly written release that expires shortly after the matter concludes. This approach reduces unnecessary disclosure of unrelated health information while ensuring the designated person can retrieve the specific records required. Clients who are concerned about broad sharing of medical history often prefer this targeted option as part of a cautious estate planning strategy.
A limited authorization can protect highly sensitive records, such as certain mental health or substance use treatment information, by explicitly excluding or narrowly defining what may be disclosed. When privacy concerns are a priority, specifying which categories of information are off-limits or limiting disclosure to a single purpose, like insurance claims, helps preserve confidentiality. This option is useful for individuals who want a measure of control over their medical history while still granting carefully defined access for a specific need or event. Clear language prevents unintended releases and respects personal privacy preferences.
A more comprehensive authorization is helpful when continuous access to medical records is necessary for ongoing care coordination or for fiduciaries managing an estate. Trustees, health care agents, or family members may need to review medical histories, medication lists, and provider communications over time to make informed decisions and to address claims or benefits. A durable authorization paired with advance planning documents reduces administrative friction and helps ensure that those responsible for personal or trust affairs can obtain information when it matters most, supporting smoother transitions and better outcomes for the individual and their family.
Individuals with chronic conditions, multiple treating providers, or complex medical histories often benefit from a broad authorization that covers ongoing access to records across providers and settings. Such an authorization simplifies coordination among specialists, primary care physicians, hospitals, and insurers, ensuring that those managing care or an estate have the information necessary to act consistently with the person’s wishes. By addressing multiple providers and types of records in a single document, families can avoid repeated releases and gaps in information that might otherwise hinder effective care or administrative tasks.
Integrating a durable HIPAA authorization with an advance health care directive, trust documents, and powers of attorney streamlines decision-making and safeguards continuity of care. When the same designees appear consistently across documents, providers and institutions have a clear roadmap for who may access health information and make decisions. This alignment reduces the chance of disputes, shortens response times when medical information is requested, and helps fiduciaries manage claims, benefits, and medical bills more effectively. A cohesive set of documents also eases transitions between care settings and supports family communication during stressful times.
A comprehensive approach also supports practical matters such as trust administration and probate avoidance by making it easier for trustees and agents to review medical evidence relevant to incapacity or end-of-life decision-making. Clear HIPAA authorizations help ensure that medical records needed to implement a pour-over will, trust modification petition, or other estate actions are available when required. This preparedness can prevent delays in distributing assets, securing benefits, or completing filings like Heggstad petitions where medical records may be relevant to demonstrating intent or incapacity.
One direct benefit of a broadly drafted HIPAA authorization is speed. When a designated person can present a valid authorization, hospitals and clinics are typically able to release records more quickly than when family members must pursue alternative legal steps. Faster access supports timely medical decision-making, claim filing, and communication among caregivers. This efficiency is valuable during emergencies and in complex care situations, reducing the administrative burden on loved ones and helping ensure that treatment decisions are made with the best available information.
A comprehensive authorization minimizes repeated requests for releases, paperwork, and legal hurdles encountered when different providers require fresh documentation. For trustees, agents, and family members managing an estate or healthcare, this consistency reduces time spent chasing records and allows focus on delivering appropriate care and handling administrative responsibilities. It also decreases the chance that important records will be overlooked, which can affect decision quality and the timely resolution of estate matters such as benefit claims or trust distributions tied to medical conditions.
Selecting the right designees for your HIPAA authorization is a foundational decision. Prefer individuals who are readily available, willing to manage medical communications, and familiar with your healthcare wishes. Consider naming successor designees in case the primary person cannot act. Clarity helps avoid disputes and ensures providers accept the authorization when requested. Discuss your decision with those you name so they understand their role and responsibilities. This preparation reduces confusion during emergencies and supports smoother coordination with healthcare providers and fiduciaries managing related estate matters.
Decide whether to give narrow, event-limited access or broader ongoing permission based on your privacy preferences and medical needs. Narrow authorizations protect sensitive information but may require additional releases later. Broader authorizations ease administrative burdens and support ongoing care coordination, especially for complex or chronic conditions. Be specific about categories of information, if necessary, and include expiration or revocation terms. This careful balance ensures that designated individuals can obtain the records they need without unnecessarily exposing unrelated health details.
Consider adding a HIPAA authorization to your estate planning portfolio if you want trusted individuals to access medical records quickly for care coordination, benefits administration, or legal matters. It is particularly important for persons with chronic illnesses, complex medical histories, or multiple treating providers who may require ongoing access to information. Additionally, if you expect family members or fiduciaries will need records to pursue insurance claims, manage bills, or support trust administration, a clear authorization can eliminate time-consuming hurdles and help ensure decisions are informed by accurate, timely medical documentation.
A HIPAA authorization is also advisable when an advance health care directive or guardianship nomination names agents who will make decisions that depend on access to medical records. Without written authorization, those agents may face delays obtaining information from providers. For individuals who plan to use instruments like a pour-over will, irrevocable life insurance trust, or retirement plan trust, ensuring that fiduciaries can view relevant medical records reduces friction in administering those arrangements and helps protect your wishes and the interests of beneficiaries.
Several common situations illustrate why a HIPAA authorization is important: hospitalization or emergency care when family members must act, chronic or progressive illness requiring ongoing coordination among providers, beneficiary or trust administration needing medical documentation, and situations where a healthcare agent must confirm diagnosis and treatment options. Additionally, when pursuing insurance claims, workers’ compensation, or veterans’ benefits, authorized access to medical records can speed claims processing. Preparing an authorization in advance prevents time-consuming legal steps and helps families focus on care rather than paperwork.
During hospitalization or a medical emergency, timely access to patient records and treatment orders is often essential for family members or agents making informed decisions or coordinating care. Presenting a valid HIPAA authorization can allow designated individuals to communicate directly with providers, obtain lab results, and review treatment plans. Without a signed authorization, hospitals may limit information given to family members, which can delay decision-making and increase stress. Preparing the authorization in advance removes an avoidable barrier when urgent information is needed.
For those with long-term or chronic conditions, multiple specialists and frequent medical visits create complex records that trusted persons may need to access on an ongoing basis. A durable HIPAA authorization enables caregivers or fiduciaries to gather consistent medical histories, medication lists, and specialist recommendations to support continuity of care. This sustained access helps coordinate treatments, monitor progress, and respond quickly if medical crises occur, reducing gaps in information that otherwise hinder well-informed decisions and effective care management.
When administering a trust or handling legal matters like a Heggstad petition or trust modification petition, medical records can be central to establishing capacity, supporting claims, or documenting the need for particular distributions. A HIPAA authorization helps trustees, agents, and attorneys obtain necessary records without delay, facilitating timely resolution of estate matters. This access supports informed decision-making about distributions, guardianship nominations, and other estate tasks that may rely on medical facts to implement a settlor’s intent and protect beneficiaries’ interests.
If you live in Los Altos Hills or nearby Santa Clara County communities, having a properly prepared HIPAA authorization in place offers peace of mind and practical benefits. We assist clients with drafting authorizations that integrate smoothly with trusts, wills, and powers of attorney, ensuring designated persons can access medical records when necessary. Our services include guidance on naming designees and successors, specifying scope and duration, and coordinating documents to minimize confusion. Taking these steps in advance helps families avoid unnecessary delays during stressful health events and supports efficient estate administration.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides tailored estate planning services for residents of San Jose, Los Altos Hills, and the broader Santa Clara County area. We focus on practical document drafting that addresses medical information access, trust coordination, and fiduciary responsibilities. Our approach emphasizes clear communication and accessible explanations so clients understand how each document works together to protect their wishes and help loved ones act efficiently when handling health or estate matters. We assist with HIPAA authorizations, advance health care directives, guardianship nominations, and trust-related documents to create cohesive plans.
Clients benefit from guidance on naming appropriate designees, choosing between narrow and broad authorizations, and aligning HIPAA authorizations with other estate planning instruments such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, and certification of trust documents. We help anticipate common practical issues, such as successor designee selection and revocation procedures, and craft language that providers readily accept. Our goal is to make the authorization process straightforward and to reduce administrative obstacles when access to medical records is needed for decision-making, claims, or trust administration.
We work with clients to ensure their HIPAA authorization reflects current legal requirements and everyday practicalities of care coordination. For families managing long-term conditions, multiple providers, or trustee responsibilities, a well-drafted authorization can prevent time-consuming hurdles and protect privacy appropriately. Whether the need is a simple release for a one-time matter or a durable authorization that integrates with a comprehensive estate plan, we provide clear, client-focused support to help ensure medical records are available to the people who need them without unnecessary delay or confusion.
Our process begins with a client consultation to understand health circumstances, family dynamics, and broader estate planning goals. We review existing documents such as trusts, wills, and advance health care directives and discuss who should be authorized to access medical information and under what conditions. We draft clear authorization language tailored to the client’s preferences and ensure coordination with trust instruments, guardianship nominations, and related forms. Finally, we review execution and storage recommendations so that designated persons can present the authorization when providers request written permission.
In the first step we gather information about your health, family contacts, and current estate planning documents. We discuss goals for access to medical records and review any existing advance health care directives, powers of attorney, and trust instruments. This conversation helps identify the appropriate scope for the HIPAA authorization, such as whether access should be limited to specific providers or broadened for ongoing needs. Clear understanding at this stage reduces the likelihood of rework and ensures the authorization complements your overall plan.
We help clients evaluate potential designees and discuss whether to include successors or limit access by provider, date, or record type. Considerations include availability, willingness to manage medical communications, and compatibility with trustee or agent roles in other documents. We explain trade-offs between narrow and broad authorizations and recommend language that balances privacy with practical access needs. This collaborative discussion ensures the authorization reflects real-world circumstances and aligns with the client’s comfort level around disclosure.
We examine existing wills, trusts, advance directives, and powers of attorney to align naming conventions and authority across documents. Consistency makes it easier for providers and institutions to verify authority and supports seamless administration of trust and estate matters. Where discrepancies exist, we offer revisions or drafting options to create harmony across the estate plan. This coordination reduces confusion and strengthens the practical value of your HIPAA authorization in real medical and administrative situations.
After gathering information, we prepare a HIPAA authorization tailored to your needs, specifying designees, the scope of records, special categories, duration, and revocation procedures. We include clear instructions for providers and consider whether to include re-disclosure limitations. Drafting focuses on plain language that institutions recognize while reflecting your privacy preferences. We also provide guidance on safe storage and distribution so authorized persons and healthcare providers can access the document when needed without compromising confidentiality.
We help clients decide whether the authorization should cover all medical records, particular categories like behavioral health, or specific date ranges and providers. We also recommend an appropriate expiration or event-based trigger, such as a specified date, recovery from an illness, or completion of estate administration tasks. These choices balance privacy concerns with the need for timely access, ensuring authorized persons have sufficient information without granting unnecessarily broad disclosure of unrelated records.
Drafting includes clear revocation instructions and an explanation of how re-disclosure by recipients will be handled, to the extent permitted by law. We specify how to revoke the authorization and recommend steps to inform providers and authorized persons. While re-disclosure rules vary, including guidance in the authorization helps manage expectations by clarifying whether recipients may share records with others. Thoughtful clauses protect privacy and provide practical directions for those handling medical information on your behalf.
Once finalized, the authorization should be signed following any attestations or witness requirements, and copies should be provided to designees, primary care providers, and any relevant institutions. We advise on secure storage and recommend periodic review to ensure the authorization remains current with evolving family circumstances and medical needs. If a client’s situation changes, such as a new caregiver or a revised estate plan, updating the HIPAA authorization ensures continued alignment with other documents and prevents misunderstandings when access to records is necessary.
We explain execution best practices, including how to sign and date the authorization and whether witnesses or notarization is advisable for certain providers. We also provide clients with guidance on presenting the authorization to hospitals, clinics, and insurers to facilitate acceptance. Preparing designees and keeping accessible copies reduces the time required to obtain records when requested. Clear execution and distribution planning increases the likelihood that providers will promptly honor the authorization when presented by an authorized person.
Circumstances change: relationships shift, medical conditions evolve, and estate planning goals may be revised. Regular review of HIPAA authorizations ensures that named designees and scope remain appropriate. We recommend checking authorizations whenever other estate planning documents are updated, when a primary designee becomes unavailable, or after major life events such as marriage, divorce, or relocation. Periodic updates help avoid disputes and ensure the document continues to provide practical access while respecting privacy preferences.
A HIPAA authorization is a written consent that permits a covered entity to disclose protected health information to a designated person or entity. It focuses specifically on authorizing the release of medical records and related information under the federal privacy rule, while a medical power of attorney or advance health care directive typically appoints someone to make healthcare decisions on your behalf. The authorization and decision-making appointment often work together: one allows access to information, and the other grants decision-making authority. Having both documents ensures that a designated decision-maker can obtain necessary records to make informed choices. A well-crafted authorization clarifies what records may be released, to whom, and for how long, reducing delays when providers require written permission before sharing sensitive health details.
Choose designees who are available, able to communicate with healthcare providers, and willing to manage sensitive medical information. Often people name a spouse, adult child, close relative, or a trustee who already has fiduciary responsibilities in a trust or estate plan. Including successor designees is helpful so that someone can act if the primary person is unavailable. Discuss your choice with the person you name so they understand their role and responsibilities. Consider practical matters like geographic proximity, willingness to manage medical paperwork, and compatibility with other estate planning documents. Consistent naming across your advance health care directive, power of attorney, and trust documents helps providers and institutions verify authority and reduces confusion when records or decisions are needed urgently.
Yes, a HIPAA authorization can be limited by provider, date range, or type of record to protect privacy while still granting access to necessary information. For example, you may permit release of recent hospitalization records but exclude unrelated long-term mental health notes, or specify certain clinics and specialists whose records may be released. Narrow authorizations minimize exposure of unrelated health information while enabling appropriate access for a defined purpose. Carefully drafted limits require clear language so providers understand which records to release. If circumstances change, such as the need for broader coordination among many providers, you can execute an amended authorization to expand permitted disclosures. Periodic review ensures the authorization continues to meet your privacy and access needs.
A HIPAA authorization remains valid according to the expiration date or event specified in the document or until it is revoked in the manner described in the authorization. Many people choose an event-based expiration, such as recovery from a specific condition, or set a fixed date for the authorization to end. Without a specified expiration, the authorization may be considered ongoing until revoked, but clear terms are recommended to avoid ambiguity. Revocation is typically accomplished by notifying the covered entities in writing as described in the authorization. Revocation does not affect disclosures already made in reliance on the prior authorization. It is advisable to provide copies of the revocation to the same providers and institutions that received the original authorization to prevent further disclosures.
Hospitals and clinics often accept HIPAA authorizations prepared outside of California, but acceptance depends on the document’s clarity and whether it meets the provider’s form and identification requirements. Some institutions have their own release forms and may ask you to sign their version to facilitate processing. It helps to draft the authorization in plain language that identifies the patient, the designee, the scope of information, and the duration to increase the likelihood of acceptance across different facilities. If travel or treatment across state lines is anticipated, consider preparing an authorization that complies with federal HIPAA standards and is readily understandable to providers in other jurisdictions. When possible, checking with anticipated providers in advance or providing copies of your documents to them can prevent delays when records are requested.
Referencing your trust, advance health care directive, or power of attorney in the HIPAA authorization can create consistency across your estate planning documents and help institutions verify the authority of designees. For example, including a note that the named person also serves as trustee or health care agent can streamline acceptance and reduce confusion. Consistent naming helps ensure that fiduciaries responsible for trust administration or medical decision-making can access records without unnecessary legal hurdles. However, cross-references should be clear and accurate to avoid contradictions. When revising any estate planning document, review your HIPAA authorization to ensure names, successor designations, and scope remain aligned with updated instruments and family circumstances, so the documents function cohesively.
Without a HIPAA authorization, family members or potential fiduciaries may face delays or denials when requesting medical records from institutions that are bound by federal privacy rules. Providers often require written authorization to release PHI to anyone not directly involved in the patient’s care or named in a legal appointment. Absent an authorization, family members may need to pursue court orders or guardianship proceedings to obtain records, which can be time-consuming and stressful during medical crises. Proactively executing a HIPAA authorization prevents these obstacles by providing a clear, lawful mechanism for designated persons to access records. Preparing the document in advance removes an avoidable legal barrier so that loved ones can focus on care and decisions rather than administrative processes.
Special categories of records, such as certain mental health notes or substance use treatment records, are sometimes subject to additional protections and may require explicit mention in a HIPAA authorization. If access to these records is needed, the authorization should expressly include categories like behavioral health or substance abuse treatment so providers understand which protected records to release. Explicit language helps avoid misunderstanding and ensures that necessary records are covered when the authorization is presented. Because these records often carry heightened sensitivity, carefully consider whether to include them and whether limits or conditions should apply. Discussing the implications of including such categories with a trusted advisor helps balance privacy and the practical need for information in decision-making or legal matters.
To update or revoke a HIPAA authorization, follow the revocation procedures included in the original document, which typically require written notice to the covered entities that received the authorization. Provide copies of the revocation to hospitals, clinics, insurers, and any other institutions that may rely on the authorization to ensure they stop honoring it. If your goal is to expand or narrow access rather than terminate it, execute a new authorization that clearly supersedes the prior document. Whenever you make changes, notify designees and institutions and provide updated copies so everyone is working from the latest document. Periodically reviewing and refreshing authorizations when major life events occur ensures that the designated persons and scope remain appropriate and effective.
To ensure providers accept your HIPAA authorization, accompany it with identification for the patient and the designee, and when applicable, copies of related estate documents that demonstrate consistent naming such as an advance health care directive or trustee appointment. Providing the designee with copies of any certifications of trust or letters of appointment needed for trust administration can further ease provider acceptance when records are sought for estate purposes. Clear, legible copies and direct communication with providers in advance help prevent processing delays. Keeping a short cover note explaining the purpose of the authorization and a list of primary providers can further streamline requests. Storing copies in an accessible but secure place and giving authorized persons instructions on how to present the document increases the likelihood that institutions will promptly honor the authorization when records are requested.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas