At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman in San Jose, we help families plan for the future by preparing essential estate planning documents such as revocable living trusts, last wills and testaments, powers of attorney, and advance health care directives. Our approach focuses on clear communication, personalized planning, and practical steps that protect assets, provide for loved ones, and reduce the burden on family members. We explain each document’s role and how it fits into a larger plan so clients can make informed decisions that reflect personal values, family needs, and California law.
Estate planning is more than signing forms; it is a thoughtful process that prepares you and your family for life’s transitions. We provide balanced guidance on trusts, pour-over wills, health care directives, and guardianship nominations, and assist with documents tailored to unique situations such as special needs trusts, pet trusts, and irrevocable life insurance trusts. By discussing goals, beneficiaries, and contingencies up front, we help clients build plans that aim to minimize probate complexity, protect privacy, and preserve assets for future generations while honoring individual wishes.
Creating a comprehensive estate plan gives San Jose residents control over how assets are managed and distributed, how medical decisions are made if incapacitated, and who will care for minor children. Without planning, property may pass through lengthy probate proceedings, and important preferences about health care or financial management can remain unaddressed. Thoughtful planning can reduce uncertainty, protect vulnerable family members, maintain financial continuity, and provide clear instructions that reduce conflict among survivors. A properly structured plan also helps align retirement accounts, beneficiary designations, and trust provisions to reflect contemporary goals and changing family dynamics.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves San Jose and surrounding communities, focusing on practical estate planning solutions tailored to each client’s situation. The firm works closely with individuals, couples, and families to draft living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, advance directives, and other essential documents. The approach emphasizes listening to client goals, explaining legal options in plain language, and preparing clear documents that address asset protection, incapacity planning, and legacy intentions. We prioritize responsive communication, careful document preparation, and guidance throughout plan implementation and future updates.
Estate planning covers a range of legal tools designed to manage wealth and personal affairs during life and after death. Key documents include revocable living trusts to manage assets while living and at death, pour-over wills to capture assets not placed in trust, powers of attorney for financial matters, and advance health care directives to communicate medical wishes. Additional planning options address life insurance, retirement accounts, and needs-based arrangements such as special needs trusts. Planning also considers tax implications, beneficiary designations, and trustee or agent selection to ensure continuity and minimize disruption to family life.
Clients meet with an attorney to discuss family circumstances, financial assets, desired beneficiaries, and healthcare preferences. The attorney then recommends document combinations and drafting language tailored to those goals, prepares the legal instruments, and explains how to fund trusts and update beneficiary forms. Estate planning is iterative: life events such as marriage, divorce, births, or changes in finances prompt plan revisions. Regular reviews and straightforward maintenance instructions help ensure that documents continue to reflect current wishes and function effectively when needed.
A revocable living trust allows a person to hold and manage assets during life and distribute them at death without probate, while a pour-over will serves as a safety net for assets left outside a trust. A last will and testament names guardians for minor children, outlines gifts, and directs distribution of remaining assets. Financial powers of attorney appoint decision-makers for financial matters if incapacity occurs. Advance health care directives state medical treatment preferences and designate health care agents. Other documents like certification of trust and general assignment of assets streamline interactions with banks and retirement plan administrators.
The estate planning process begins with an information-gathering meeting to inventory assets, identify beneficiaries and goals, and explain available tools. Next comes drafting documents that reflect those decisions: trust agreements, wills, powers of attorney, and health directives. Signing requirements and witnessing formalities are followed to ensure validity. Funding a trust, which may involve re-titling property and updating account beneficiaries, completes the operational steps. Finally, implementing instructions for successor trustees and agents and scheduling periodic reviews help keep the plan current with changing laws and personal circumstances.
Understanding common estate planning terms reduces confusion when creating or updating documents. Definitions cover trusts, wills, powers of attorney, advance directives, probate, beneficiary designations, guardianship, and trust administration. A clear glossary helps clients follow conversations about asset titling, funding, and the roles played by trustees, agents, executors, and guardians. This knowledge supports confident decision making, helps identify priorities, and assists in coordinating estate documents with retirement accounts, insurance policies, and business interests to ensure that the overall plan achieves intended outcomes.
A revocable living trust is a legal arrangement in which a person places assets into a trust during life, retains the ability to change or revoke the trust, and designates how assets should be managed and distributed at incapacity or death. It is commonly used to avoid probate, provide continuity of asset management if the grantor becomes incapacitated, and maintain privacy for beneficiaries. Funding the trust typically requires transferring titles and accounts into the trust’s name. The trust names a successor trustee to administer trust assets according to the trust’s terms.
A financial power of attorney appoints an agent to manage financial affairs if the principal is unable or chooses not to act. It can be durable, remaining in effect if the principal becomes incapacitated, and can be limited or broad in scope. This document ensures day-to-day financial responsibilities, bill payments, and asset management can continue without court intervention. Creating a clear power of attorney includes naming successor agents and specifying any limitations or instructions so that the agent’s authority aligns with the principal’s wishes and legal safeguards.
A last will and testament directs how assets should be distributed at death, names an executor to administer the estate, and can nominate guardians for minor children. Wills operate through the probate court process in California unless assets are held in trust or pass by beneficiary designation. Wills also allow individuals to express preferences for final affairs and make specific gifts. Because wills become public through probate proceedings, individuals concerned with privacy often pair wills with trusts to keep details of asset distribution out of the public record.
An advance health care directive allows a person to record medical treatment preferences and appoint a health care agent to make decisions on their behalf if they are unable to speak for themselves. It can include instructions about life-sustaining treatment, resuscitation, and comfort care. The directive helps guide physicians and family members during stressful medical situations, ensuring that the person’s values and choices guide care. Health care directives should be shared with the appointed agent, family members, and medical providers to ensure that wishes are understood and accessible when needed.
Clients often weigh whether a limited document package or a comprehensive plan better suits their needs. Limited packages may include a simple will and power of attorney suitable for straightforward situations with few assets or clear beneficiary designations. Comprehensive planning typically adds trusts, trust funding, and more detailed arrangements to address multiple properties, blended families, business interests, or incapacity planning. The right choice depends on family structure, asset complexity, privacy concerns, and the desire to minimize probate. A thoughtful comparison helps clients select a plan aligned with their long-term goals and anticipated life changes.
A limited approach can be appropriate for individuals with modest assets, straightforward beneficiary designations, and no real property or business interests that require complex coordination. A simple will, a financial power of attorney, and a health care directive can provide needed direction and authority while keeping costs and complexity low. This option fits those who prioritize basic incapacity planning and final wishes without the additional steps of trust funding or detailed asset-titling changes. Clients should still review beneficiary forms and consider whether probate avoidance or privacy is a concern.
When family relationships are uncomplicated and there is general agreement about how assets should be distributed, a limited plan may serve well. Fewer potential disputes reduce the need for trust arrangements intended to manage distribution or oversee complex guardianship matters. In such cases, straightforward documents can promptly address incapacity and death, name appropriate decision-makers, and provide peace of mind. Nevertheless, even in these scenarios periodic reviews remain important to ensure beneficiaries, account designations, and circumstances have not changed in ways that would benefit from a more comprehensive arrangement.
Comprehensive planning is often recommended for individuals with multiple real estate holdings, business interests, or blended family structures where straightforward distribution could lead to disputes or tax consequences. Trusts can coordinate asset transfers, provide ongoing management for beneficiaries, and include provisions to address family dynamics and successor roles. When retirement accounts, insurance policies, and property titles need alignment, a thorough plan helps prevent unintended outcomes and ensures the person’s intentions are carried out efficiently, reducing the need for court involvement and facilitating a smoother transition for heirs.
Those who place a premium on privacy or wish to minimize probate-related delays and costs often benefit from a comprehensive plan centered on trust arrangements. Trusts can keep distributions out of public probate records and allow for more direct control over timing and conditions of distributions. They also provide a framework for managing assets if incapacity occurs, reducing family stress. A comprehensive plan can include instructions for successor trustees, contingencies for incapacity, and provisions that address long-term care and preservation of wealth for future generations.
A comprehensive estate plan provides continuity in financial management, clearer directives for medical decisions, and more control over asset distribution. It can reduce probate costs and delays, protect privacy, and create structured distributions for beneficiaries who may need longer-term oversight. By coordinating trust documents with beneficiary designations and account titling, a thorough plan aims to reduce administrative burdens on family members and avoid surprises. Comprehensive planning also makes it easier to address special circumstances like care for a disabled family member or preservation of a family business.
Beyond administrative advantages, a comprehensive approach supports long-term family goals by enabling phased distributions, setting expectations for heirs, and providing mechanisms for fiduciary accountability. Trust-based plans can include successor trustees and clear instructions for handling assets during incapacity or after death. This level of detail helps reduce conflicts and provides a predictable path forward for family members. Regularly reviewing and updating the plan ensures that changes in law, finances, or family composition are reflected and that the plan continues to meet the client’s objectives.
Comprehensive plans often include trust provisions that allow for staged or conditional distributions, protection of inheritances from creditor claims, and oversight for beneficiaries who are minors or have special needs. These controls enable the creator of the plan to specify not only who receives assets but also how and when distributions should occur. This level of precision helps align transfers with long-term goals such as education funding, support for dependents, or preservation of family holdings, while reducing the potential for mismanagement or familial disputes after incapacity or death.
By using trust arrangements and clear beneficiary designations, a comprehensive plan can often avoid the time and expense of probate court proceedings. This means beneficiaries receive access to assets more quickly and with less public exposure. In situations of incapacity, designated agents and successor trustees can act promptly to manage financial and medical matters without waiting for court appointments. The resulting continuity helps pay ongoing bills, maintain investment strategies, and reduce stress for family members tasked with administrative duties during difficult times.
Begin by creating a comprehensive inventory of assets, account numbers, titles, beneficiary designations, and key documents. Include real property, retirement accounts, life insurance policies, business interests, and digital assets. Gathering this information in one place simplifies drafting, ensures nothing is overlooked, and helps determine whether a trust will be beneficial. Clear documentation also makes it easier for your chosen agents and trustees to act when needed. Regularly update the inventory as accounts change, new assets are acquired, or beneficiaries shift.
Beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and life insurance often override language in a will, so reviewing and coordinating these selections with your estate plan is essential. Make sure beneficiaries are current and reflect your wishes; update designations after major life events like marriage, divorce, or birth of a child. Coordinate account titling and trust funding to ensure assets pass according to your broader plan. Regular reviews help avoid unintended distributions and reduce the likelihood of conflicts or legal disputes among heirs.
People seek estate planning to preserve family stability, protect assets, and ensure medical and financial decisions are handled according to their preferences. For parents, naming guardians for minor children and structuring trusts to provide for their care are top priorities. For homeowners and property owners, planning addresses how real estate is managed or distributed. Those with complex financial arrangements or blended families use estate planning to minimize misunderstandings and provide clear instructions that prevent costly delays or disputes at difficult times.
Estate planning also supports long-term financial planning, including safeguarding retirement income and aligning beneficiary designations with current goals. It provides a mechanism for addressing special circumstances such as long-term care needs, disabled family members, or charitable intentions. Planning in advance reduces uncertainty and administrative burdens for loved ones, allowing them to focus on recovery and family support instead of legal and financial logistics. Regular plan reviews keep documents current with changes in life and law, ensuring continued effectiveness.
Common triggers for establishing or updating a plan include marriage, birth or adoption of a child, divorce, inheritance, purchase of real property, retirement, changes in health, or starting a business. Each event may change beneficiaries, asset values, or caregiving needs and therefore requires revisiting documents to make sure they align with current objectives. Planning after these milestones helps ensure that responsibilities are assigned, financial authority is clear, and distribution plans reflect the person’s present wishes and family circumstances.
When a child or grandchild is born or adopted, parents and grandparents often update wills to name guardians and create trusts to provide for long-term needs. Reviewing beneficiary designations and revising powers of attorney and health care directives become priorities so that a comprehensive plan supports both immediate and future care. Establishing trusts or other arrangements can ensure funds are managed responsibly for education or healthcare needs, and naming trusted individuals to act as fiduciaries protects the child’s interests if the unexpected occurs.
Purchasing real property or becoming a business owner introduces new considerations for asset titling, succession planning, and potential tax implications. A tailored plan addresses how real estate will transfer at death, whether it will be managed by successors, and how business continuity will be handled. Coordinating trust documents with business succession agreements and account registrations helps avoid unintended outcomes. Planning ahead can protect business value, provide liquidity for heirs, and reduce disruptions that might arise from unsettled ownership at a critical time.
Changes in health prompt revisiting medical directives, powers of attorney, and long-term care planning to ensure that preferences for treatment and decision-makers are current. Planning can address future care costs, potential Medicaid considerations, and how assets should be managed if capacity diminishes. Trusts and advance directives provide a framework for making timely medical and financial decisions without court involvement, and they offer protections that help preserve dignity, ensure access to needed care, and ease the burden on family members during stressful transitions.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides local estate planning services tailored to San Jose residents and nearby communities in Santa Clara County. We handle trust preparation, wills, powers of attorney, advance directives, trust funding assistance, and petition filings such as Heggstad and trust modification petitions. Our office also assists with documents like certification of trust, pour-over wills, and guardianship nominations. We aim to make the planning process understandable and manageable, offering clear next steps and follow-up to implement and maintain each client’s plan.
Clients choose our firm for a pragmatic approach to planning that addresses real-life needs and offers straightforward solutions for avoiding probate, preparing for incapacity, and protecting beneficiaries. We prepare a full set of documents, including revocable living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and health care directives, and guide clients through trust funding and beneficiary coordination. Our focus is on clear communication, careful drafting, and practical implementation to help ensure that each plan functions as intended when it is needed most.
We assist with a wide range of planning needs, such as irrevocable life insurance trusts, retirement plan trusts, special needs trusts, pet trusts, and guardianship nominations. Our team explains options, prepares the necessary legal instruments, and provides guidance on how to manage or retitle assets so documents operate smoothly. We also help with post-creation matters including certification of trust and trust modification petitions when life circumstances change and updates are needed to align the plan with new goals.
Accessibility and responsiveness are priorities for our clients in San Jose. We provide clear timelines, explain signing and notarization requirements, and advise on funding the trust and coordinating with financial institutions. Our goal is to reduce administrative hurdles for families while preparing thoughtful plans that reflect client values and practical needs. We can be reached at 408-528-2827 to schedule an initial consultation to discuss specific objectives and outline the steps for completing a personalized estate plan.
Our process begins with a detailed intake and goal-setting meeting to learn about family dynamics, assets, and priorities. Following that, we draft documents tailored to the client’s objectives, review them in plain language, and assist with execution formalities such as signing and notarization. We then provide instructions for trust funding, coordinate beneficiary designations, and deliver copies with implementation checklists. Periodic review meetings are encouraged to update the plan after major life or financial changes, ensuring continued alignment with client intentions.
During the initial consultation we gather family information, asset inventories, and client goals regarding distribution, incapacity planning, and guardianship. This conversation uncovers specific concerns, such as care for disabled family members, business continuity, or charitable intentions. We explain the range of available documents and recommend a plan structure that aligns with the client’s priorities. Clear next steps and a timeline are provided so clients understand what documents will be prepared and what actions they will need to take to implement the plan.
We take time to explore the client’s goals, family relationships, and any potential legal issues that could affect distribution or care decisions. This includes identifying minor children, disabled beneficiaries, blended family considerations, and business interests. Hearing about personal values and financial realities helps craft provisions that reflect the client’s wishes while anticipating foreseeable challenges. The result is a planning outline that prioritizes the most important concerns and provides a road map for document drafting and implementation.
Clients are guided through gathering deeds, account statements, insurance policies, retirement plan documents, and beneficiary forms. Collecting these materials early enables accurate drafting and helps reveal whether trust funding or beneficiary updates are necessary. We provide checklists and instructions for obtaining and organizing documents, which speeds the drafting process and reduces follow-up. Thorough preparation also reduces the likelihood of oversights that can create complications later when assets are to be managed or distributed.
After gathering information, we prepare draft documents tailored to the chosen plan structure. Drafts commonly include trust agreements, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and any specialized trust provisions needed to address unique family considerations. We then review drafts with the client in detail, explaining key provisions and potential alternatives. This review period allows for revisions and ensures the client fully understands the operation of the documents before execution and trust funding steps are completed.
Trust preparation includes drafting clear terms governing asset distribution, successor trustee authority, incapacity management, and any conditions or protections for beneficiaries. Supporting documents such as certification of trust and general assignment of assets to trust are prepared to simplify interactions with financial institutions and facilitate trust administration. We also prepare pour-over wills to capture any assets not timely placed into the trust and ensure a cohesive plan that addresses both probate avoidance and practical administration.
Drafts are reviewed in a meeting where we walk through the documents line by line, answer questions, and propose adjustments to align provisions with client preferences. Clients can request clarifying language or alternative distribution options, and we incorporate those changes before finalizing the documents. This collaborative review helps avoid unintended outcomes, ensures that defensive provisions are included where necessary, and confirms that fiduciary roles, successor designations, and guardianship nominations are clearly stated.
Once documents are finalized, we assist with proper execution, including notarization and witness requirements as applicable. We provide guidance and checklists for funding trusts, such as retitling accounts, transferring deeds, and updating beneficiary designations. We also prepare letters of instruction for trustees and agents and deliver executed copies to the client. Implementation support helps ensure documents will function when needed and reduces the likelihood that assets remain outside the intended plan.
We coordinate the signing process to satisfy California legal formalities, including notarization and witness requirements for wills and certain trust documents. Proper execution is essential to avoid post-mortem challenges and to ensure powers of attorney and health directives are effective when needed. We explain who should hold original documents, how copies may be used, and how to register or provide documents to financial institutions if necessary. Clear instructions at signing reduce confusion for family members later on.
Funding a trust typically requires transferring real property into the trust, changing account registrations where appropriate, and confirming beneficiary designations align with the trust’s terms. We provide step-by-step instructions and sample forms to assist with funding, and we coordinate with financial institutions when necessary. Completing these steps after execution ensures that the trust becomes an effective vehicle for avoiding probate and managing assets in the way the client intended, reducing administrative burdens for successors after incapacity or death.
A last will and testament is a document that designates how assets will be distributed at death, names an executor to administer the estate, and can appoint guardians for minor children. Wills typically go through the probate process, which involves court supervision to validate the will and oversee asset distribution unless assets are already titled in a way that avoids probate. Wills can be useful for straightforward estates or for naming guardians, but they generally become public records during probate. A revocable living trust is a private agreement that holds assets for the benefit of named beneficiaries and is managed by a trustee during incapacity and after death. Trusts are designed to allow smoother transfer of assets without the need for probate, maintain privacy, and provide continuity of management for beneficiaries. Funding the trust by retitling assets into its name or assigning assets to it is an important step to ensure it works as intended and reduces court involvement after death.
Naming a guardian for minor children is typically done within a last will and testament, where you specify who should take custody and responsibility if both parents are unable to care for the children. Choose someone who shares your parenting values, is willing to serve, and is in a stable position to provide care. Discuss the role with the proposed guardian ahead of time so they understand the responsibilities and expectations. It is also important to name an alternate guardian in case the first choice cannot serve. Beyond naming guardians in a will, consider coordinating with financial arrangements that provide resources for the child’s care, such as trusts or designated custodial accounts. Trusts can manage funds over time, provide for education and healthcare needs, and reduce the risk of mismanagement. Clear written instructions and trustee appointments help ensure the guardian has the financial support and authority needed to act in the child’s best interest.
A financial power of attorney grants a designated agent authority to manage financial affairs on your behalf if you become unable to do so or choose to delegate tasks. It can cover activities like paying bills, managing investments, filing taxes, and handling real property transactions. A durable power of attorney remains effective if incapacity occurs, avoiding the need for court appointment of a conservator. Choosing a trustworthy and capable agent is important because this document can grant broad financial authority to act for you. When preparing a power of attorney, consider naming successor agents in case the primary agent cannot serve, and include clear instructions about the agent’s powers and any limitations you wish to impose. Keep the document accessible to financial institutions and inform your agent where to find account information and related documents. Periodic review ensures the designated agent and instructions remain aligned with your current circumstances and preferences.
You should review and consider updating your estate plan after major life events such as marriage, divorce, birth or adoption of children, death of a beneficiary or fiduciary, significant changes in assets, or changes in health. Legal or tax law changes can also affect how documents operate, so periodic reviews help ensure that plan provisions remain effective and consistent with current objectives. Updating beneficiary designations and account titling is especially important after life events to prevent unintended distributions. Even in the absence of major events, it is wise to review your plan periodically to confirm that fiduciary appointments, guardian nominations, and trust provisions still match your preferences. Regular maintenance reduces the likelihood of surprises and helps ensure your documents function as intended. If changes are needed, amendments or restatements can update a trust and corresponding documents without starting from scratch.
Providing for a family member with special needs often involves creating a special needs trust to preserve eligibility for public benefits while offering supplemental support. Such trusts can be structured to pay for expenses that do not interfere with benefit programs, including therapies, education, or quality-of-life items. Careful drafting ensures that distributions are discretionary and supplemental, protecting the beneficiary’s eligibility for Medicaid or Supplemental Security Income where applicable. When planning for a special needs beneficiary, coordinate the trust provisions with government benefit rules and name a trustee who understands both the beneficiary’s needs and how to administer funds appropriately. Consider backup fiduciaries, clear distribution standards, and instructions for successor management. Planning can also include letters of intent for caregivers describing personal preferences and daily routines that help maintain continuity of care.
Funding a trust involves transferring ownership or control of assets into the name of the trust so that the trust document governs those assets. For real property, this usually means recording a deed that transfers title to the trustee of the trust. For bank and investment accounts, it may require changing the account registration or completing beneficiary or transfer forms that name the trust. Retirement accounts and certain titled properties may require different handling, so coordination is necessary to ensure the trust receives assets as intended. Completing funding steps promptly after creating a trust is important to avoid leaving assets subject to probate rather than trust distribution. We provide clients with checklists and forms to assist with retitling and beneficiary updates and can coordinate with financial institutions to confirm documentation requirements. Periodic checks ensure that new assets are properly titled and that the plan continues to function as intended.
Yes, revocable trusts and wills can be changed during your lifetime to reflect new wishes or changed circumstances. A will can be updated through codicils or replaced by a new will, while a revocable trust can typically be amended or restated to modify terms, beneficiaries, or fiduciary appointments. These modifications should be done in writing and executed according to legal formalities to ensure they are effective and avoid ambiguity in interpretation. Regularly updating documents after major life events or changes in financial circumstances helps prevent unintended outcomes. When changes are significant, it may be advisable to restate the trust or create new documents rather than making multiple amendments. Proper execution of amendments and careful recordkeeping help maintain a clear plan that accurately reflects current intentions.
A pour-over will is a will designed to transfer any assets that were not placed into a trust during life into the trust at death. It acts as a safety net ensuring that assets discovered after death or inadvertently left outside the trust are directed to the trust and distributed under its terms. While the pour-over will still goes through probate for assets it transfers, it helps consolidate distributions under the trust’s provisions and maintain consistent overall estate planning. Even with a pour-over will, funding the trust during life remains important to minimize probate and ensure smooth administration. The pour-over will helps capture assets that escape initial titling steps, but relying on it exclusively may result in more assets being subject to probate than desirable. Following a funding checklist and reviewing account registrations reduces reliance on the pour-over mechanism.
A trust helps avoid probate by holding assets in the name of the trust during the grantor’s lifetime, so that upon death those assets are distributed by the successor trustee according to the trust terms rather than through court-supervised probate. Assets properly titled in the trust or with beneficiary designations that align with the trust’s plan typically do not pass through probate, which can save time, reduce costs, and keep details of distribution private. This can streamline transfer to beneficiaries and reduce administrative burdens for loved ones. To achieve these benefits, assets must be properly funded into the trust and beneficiary forms coordinated to prevent conflicts. Real property deeds, bank and brokerage accounts, and other titled assets should be transferred or re-registered as needed. Periodic reviews ensure newly acquired assets are placed into the trust and that beneficiary designations remain consistent with the overall plan objectives.
For an initial estate planning meeting, bring an inventory of assets including real estate deeds, account statements, life insurance policies, retirement plan summaries, and details about business interests. Provide copies of any existing estate documents such as wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and health care directives. Bring the names and contact information of proposed trustees, agents, beneficiaries, and guardians. Having these materials ready speeds the planning process and helps identify potential issues that should be addressed. Also be prepared to discuss family relationships, caregiving concerns, and long-term goals such as charitable giving or protection for a family member with special needs. Sharing your priorities and any apprehensions allows the attorney to recommend document combinations that align with your objectives. Clear communication in the first meeting sets expectations for drafting, signing, and implementing the plan.
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