An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust, commonly referred to as an ILIT, is a powerful estate planning tool for families in Montague and throughout Siskiyou County. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman, we help clients design ILITs to hold life insurance policies outside of the taxable estate, create liquidity for heirs, and support long-term family goals. Creating an ILIT involves legal drafting, transfer of policy ownership, and coordination with trustees and beneficiaries. This introduction explains the primary purpose and benefits of an ILIT while describing how a well-drafted trust can align with your overall estate plan in California.
Choosing to form an ILIT is a decision that affects the distribution of life insurance proceeds and the management of those proceeds over time. A properly funded ILIT can provide estate tax mitigation, creditor protection in certain situations, and a structured distribution plan for heirs. Our firm advises on the practical steps required to move a life insurance policy into trust, naming trustees and successor trustees, and ensuring premium payments are handled in a manner consistent with trust terms. We guide clients through California-specific considerations and help integrate the ILIT with wills, revocable trusts, and beneficiary designations.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust matters because it can remove life insurance proceeds from your taxable estate while providing structured, protected payouts to beneficiaries. For many families, this structure creates liquidity to pay expenses, support minor children, or provide for long-term needs without exposing the proceeds to probate. An ILIT also allows you to control how distributions are made and to name a trustee who will manage funds impartially. When crafted with attention to funding, trustee powers, and payout provisions, an ILIT supports both tax planning and family governance without creating ongoing management burdens for the insured individual.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assists clients in Montague and throughout California with tailored estate planning services that include the formation and administration of Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts. Our practice focuses on creating practical, durable documents that reflect each client’s priorities, such as asset protection, tax considerations, and family succession. We work collaboratively with financial advisors, insurance agents, and trustees to ensure that policies are owned and administered in line with trust terms, and we support clients through initial funding and eventual trust administration to provide clarity and continuity for heirs.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a legal arrangement where a trust owns a life insurance policy and the proceeds are held for designated beneficiaries. Because the trust is irrevocable, the grantor gives up ownership control over the policy, which typically removes the proceeds from the grantor’s taxable estate. Setting up an ILIT requires precise language to satisfy tax rules, clear trustee appointment, and coordination for premium payments. The trust document should address how proceeds are distributed, what happens if a beneficiary predeceases the insured, and who has the authority to manage or invest trust assets for long-term benefit.
In practice, an ILIT is used to protect the value of life insurance proceeds from estate taxation while providing a framework for orderly distribution. The trust must be funded and administered according to established legal requirements to achieve the intended tax and succession outcomes. Trustees play a central role in handling premium payments, investing proceeds, and making distributions in accordance with the grantor’s objectives. For families with businesses, real estate holdings, or minor children, an ILIT can provide stability and liquidity that complements other estate planning documents like revocable living trusts and pour-over wills.
An ILIT is a trust that irrevocably owns one or more life insurance policies on the life of the grantor. The trust holds the policy contracts and receives death benefits, which are distributed to named beneficiaries based on the trust terms. Because the trust is irrevocable and the insured no longer owns the policy, proceeds are generally excluded from the grantor’s estate for federal estate tax purposes, subject to timing rules and ownership transfers. The trust document defines trustee authority, distribution conditions, and steps for managing policy premiums and proceeds to achieve estate planning objectives and family protection goals.
Key elements of a successful ILIT include carefully drafted trust language, proper transfer of policy ownership, consistent funding for premiums, and selection of an appropriate trustee. The process typically begins with drafting the trust instrument, transferring an existing policy into the trust or having the trust purchase a new policy, and making arrangements to ensure that premiums are paid through gifts to the trust if necessary. Documentation and coordination with insurance carriers are important to prevent unintended consequences. Periodic review ensures that beneficiary designations, tax considerations, and family circumstances remain aligned with the trust terms.
A concise glossary helps demystify legal and financial terms related to ILITs. Important entries include grantor, trustee, beneficiary, incontestability, retention rules, and Crummey powers for gifting. Understanding these terms clarifies how an ILIT functions, how gifts to the trust may be treated, and what responsibilities a trustee will have after a death. Clear definitions are essential for clients and family members to know how distributions are handled and how the trust interacts with other estate planning documents such as revocable trusts, pour-over wills, and powers of attorney in California.
A grantor is the individual who creates the trust and transfers assets or policy ownership into it. In the context of an ILIT, the grantor typically funds the trust or arranges for the trust to own a life insurance policy. The grantor must understand that transferring ownership to an irrevocable trust generally means giving up direct control over the policy and the proceeds. The trust instrument outlines whether the grantor retains any powers that could impact tax treatment, and careful drafting is required to ensure the transfer achieves the intended estate planning benefits while respecting California law.
A trustee manages the trust’s assets, enforces the trust’s terms, and carries out distributions to beneficiaries as directed by the trust document. In an ILIT, the trustee is responsible for handling premium payments, maintaining records, and communicating with insurance carriers and beneficiaries. The trustee may also invest trust assets and make discretionary distributions if the trust permits. Choosing a trustee requires consideration of availability, financial acumen, impartiality, and the capacity to manage affairs over potentially many years, particularly when trusts are designed to support minors or long-term objectives.
A beneficiary is the person or entity entitled to receive trust distributions according to the terms of the ILIT. Beneficiaries may include a surviving spouse, children, grandchildren, charities, or other designated parties. The trust document defines the timing and conditions for distributions, which can be immediate, staggered, or tied to specific events such as reaching adulthood or completing education. Designating beneficiaries clearly and including contingencies for predeceased beneficiaries helps avoid disputes and ensures that proceeds are used in a manner consistent with the grantor’s wishes.
Funding an ILIT typically involves transferring ownership of an existing life insurance policy to the trust or arranging for the trust to purchase a new policy with trust as owner and beneficiary. When ownership is transferred, there may be timing rules that affect estate tax treatment, so it is important to consider the timing of transfers relative to when the insured passes away. In many cases, gifts are made to the trust to cover premium payments, and documentation of those gifts is maintained. Proper funding ensures that the trust operates as intended and that proceeds pass according to the trust terms without unnecessary complications.
When evaluating ILITs versus other estate planning tools, it’s helpful to consider goals such as tax mitigation, asset protection, and distribution control. Revocable living trusts provide flexibility but do not remove assets from the taxable estate while the grantor is alive. A pour-over will complements a trust-based plan but does not replace the specific advantages of an ILIT for holding life insurance. Selecting the right combination of documents depends on family dynamics, asset types, and long-term objectives. An ILIT often complements a broader estate plan by focusing specifically on life insurance proceeds and their management for beneficiaries.
A limited approach to life insurance planning can be adequate when coverage is modest and beneficiaries are few and clearly defined. In situations where the family’s financial needs are straightforward and the insurance proceeds will be used for immediate expenses or straightforward inheritances, a simple beneficiary designation or a revocable trust may suffice. However, even in simple cases, it is important to document intentions and coordinate policy ownership with overall estate plans to avoid unintended probate or tax outcomes. Reviewing beneficiary designations and aligning them with a will or trust helps keep matters orderly after the insured’s death.
A limited approach may be suitable when policy ownership and beneficiary designations already reflect the grantor’s intentions and when there is no concern about estate tax exposure or complex family circumstances. If the insured’s estate is not projected to trigger significant tax considerations and beneficiaries are trusted to manage proceeds responsibly, simple arrangements can avoid the cost and formality of an ILIT. Nonetheless, routine reviews are advised to ensure that designations remain current after life changes such as marriages, births, divorces, or relocations within California to maintain clarity and alignment with estate planning objectives.
A comprehensive ILIT strategy is often warranted when an estate has substantial assets, a business interest, or complex family relationships that require careful management of life insurance proceeds. For families with children from different relationships, beneficiaries with special needs, or those seeking to protect proceeds from creditors, an ILIT can provide structured control and long-term stewardship. A well-crafted trust can address succession planning, preserve family wealth through generations, and reduce unintended tax consequences. Coordinating the ILIT with other estate documents and financial plans ensures consistent treatment and helps preserve the grantor’s intent over time.
Comprehensive planning is recommended when tax planning and creditor considerations are priorities and when the grantor has specific legacy goals. An ILIT can be structured to minimize estate tax exposure and provide protections that informal arrangements cannot. For those who wish to manage distributions over time, provide for special needs beneficiaries, or set terms for charitable giving, the flexibility of a trust instrument allows for tailored solutions. Working through detailed provisions early on avoids errors in ownership transfer and ensures premium funding methods are compliant with gifting regulations and trust administration best practices.
Adopting a comprehensive approach to ILIT planning provides clarity, tax-conscious structuring, and long-term management of life insurance proceeds. A full strategy ensures that the trust instrument is coordinated with beneficiary designations, powers of appointment, and successor trustee provisions, reducing the chance of post-death disputes. Comprehensive planning also addresses how premium payments will be made and documented, how distribution standards are applied, and how the trust will interact with other planning documents. This kind of thorough approach helps families achieve reliable outcomes and reduces the administrative burden on heirs at a difficult time.
Beyond tax and distribution planning, a comprehensive ILIT strategy supports continuity and fiduciary oversight. By appointing a trustee with clear duties and setting explicit rules for investments and distributions, the trust can provide disciplined stewardship of proceeds over decades. This is particularly valuable when beneficiaries are young, have special needs, or when the grantor wants to preserve assets for future generations. Thoughtful drafting also considers contingencies such as beneficiary incapacity and provides mechanisms for successor trustees to act in the trust’s best interest according to the grantor’s documented wishes.
One key benefit of a comprehensive ILIT approach is improved estate tax efficiency and ready liquidity for settling obligations. By removing life insurance proceeds from the grantor’s estate under appropriate conditions, an ILIT can reduce potential estate tax exposure, freeing other assets from liquidation to pay taxes or debts. This liquidity preserves the value of family businesses or real property that heirs may wish to retain. A carefully structured ILIT allows trustees to use proceeds in a disciplined manner, providing immediate funds for estate obligations while honoring longer-term distribution goals set by the grantor.
A comprehensive ILIT arrangement enables controlled distribution schedules and certain protections that can preserve family wealth across generations. Trust terms can specify staged distributions, incentives for education or career milestones, or protective clauses for beneficiaries who may face creditor claims. The trust structure allows for impartial administration by a trustee who can invest and distribute funds according to the grantor’s instructions rather than relying on individual beneficiaries’ decisions. These features contribute to long-term stability and reduce the risk that large insurance payouts are mismanaged or exposed to liabilities during probate.
Transferring policy ownership to an ILIT should be coordinated carefully and completed well before the insured’s death to avoid unintended estate inclusion. Early coordination provides time to verify carrier acceptance, update beneficiary designations, and implement a gifting strategy to fund premium payments if necessary. Documenting transfers and maintaining clear records prevents confusion later and ensures that the trust operates as intended. Working with legal counsel and your insurance provider early on will help confirm that the trust language and ownership arrangements reflect current law and align with your overall estate planning goals in California.
Selecting a trustee is one of the most important choices in ILIT planning because the trustee manages premiums, interacts with insurance carriers, and administers distributions. Consider individuals or institutions who can act impartially, maintain accurate records, and follow the trust’s terms consistently over time. Discuss alternate or successor trustees in the trust document to ensure continuity. It is beneficial to have candid conversations with potential trustees about expectations and responsibilities so they are prepared to step into the role if needed and to preserve the grantor’s intentions for beneficiaries.
An ILIT can be an effective solution when you want to remove life insurance proceeds from the taxable estate, provide structured distributions to beneficiaries, or ensure liquidity for estate settlement. Families with business interests, real estate holdings, or blended family arrangements often benefit from the control and continuity an ILIT provides. It is also useful when a grantor wants professional or impartial administration of proceeds, long-term planning for heirs, or clearer succession for family-owned assets. A thoughtful ILIT integrates with other documents to create a cohesive plan tailored to family and financial circumstances.
Considering an ILIT is appropriate when you have life insurance with substantial value relative to your estate, when you desire protection for beneficiaries, or when legacy intentions require disciplined distributions over time. An ILIT can also be a tool to coordinate charitable giving through insurance proceeds and to manage funds for minors or vulnerable beneficiaries. Because ILITs are irrevocable, they require deliberate planning and clear documentation, but when drafted and funded correctly they provide predictability and control that may be difficult to achieve through beneficiary designations alone.
Typical circumstances that lead families to consider an ILIT include a life insurance policy large enough to create estate tax concerns, plans to pass a business or real property to heirs, or situations where heirs may benefit from structured distributions. The ILIT is frequently chosen when a grantor wants to protect proceeds from probate, to designate how funds will be used, or to provide ongoing financial support to beneficiaries under trustee management. Each situation requires assessment of timing, tax rules, and coordination with existing estate planning documents to accomplish intended results.
When life insurance proceeds are substantial relative to a grantor’s estate, the proceeds could create estate tax exposure or compel the sale of illiquid assets to meet obligations. An ILIT can remove proceeds from the grantor’s estate under the right circumstances and provide heirs with liquid funds that do not require probate administration. This option preserves the family’s ability to retain businesses, property, or sentimental assets without forced sales. Proper timing of ownership transfers and ongoing trust administration are essential to realize the intended benefits and minimize unintended tax consequences.
An ILIT offers mechanisms to protect and provide for minors or beneficiaries who may not be equipped to manage a large sum immediately. Trust provisions can instruct the trustee to hold funds until beneficiaries reach certain milestones or to distribute funds for specific needs like education, housing, or health care. This avoids transferring large amounts directly to individuals who may be unable to manage them responsibly. By empowering a trustee to act according to the grantor’s instructions, the ILIT ensures that proceeds are used in a manner consistent with the grantor’s values and long-term intentions.
For families with a business or real property that they wish to keep intact, an ILIT can provide the liquidity needed to settle tax obligations or provide buyouts without forcing sales. The trust proceeds can be used to equalize inheritances among heirs or to fund succession transactions so the business remains under intended ownership. A clear ILIT plan coordinates with buy-sell agreements, business succession strategies, and other estate planning documents to maintain continuity and preserve the value of family-owned assets for future generations.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman is available to help Montague residents navigate the establishment and administration of Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts. We provide guidance on drafting trust agreements, transferring policy ownership, and setting up funding mechanisms for premiums. Our approach emphasizes clear communication with clients and coordination with insurance carriers and financial advisors to implement plans smoothly. Whether you are beginning estate planning or updating existing documents, we help ensure that an ILIT is properly integrated into your overall plan and reflects current California law and family needs.
Clients working with our firm benefit from focused legal support in estate planning matters including life insurance trust formation. We assist with drafting durable trust language, ensuring proper funding procedures, and advising on trustee selection and powers. Our practice emphasizes practical solutions that align with clients’ financial and family goals, and we work to minimize administrative burdens for heirs. We also coordinate with insurance providers and financial advisors to confirm that policies are owned and administered in accordance with the trust terms to achieve the desired estate planning outcomes.
When crafting an ILIT, attention to detail prevents unintended tax or probate consequences. Our process includes comprehensive document review, careful drafting to reflect gifting and ownership considerations, and implementation support to transfer policies and establish premium funding mechanisms. We prioritize clear recordkeeping and client education so that grantors and trustees understand the ongoing responsibilities associated with trust administration. This helps protect the integrity of the plan and preserves the grantor’s intentions for beneficiaries across time.
We also provide support for trust administration matters after the insured’s death, including coordinating with trustees on claim procedures, overseeing distributions under trust terms, and advising on ancillary estate matters. Our client-centered approach focuses on achieving reliable outcomes while minimizing conflict and complexity. By aligning the ILIT with other estate planning instruments such as revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, and powers of attorney, we help clients create cohesive plans that address immediate and long-term needs for their families in California.
Our process for ILIT formation begins with an initial consultation to understand your goals, followed by document drafting tailored to your family and financial situation. We review existing policies, work with insurance carriers to transfer ownership or arrange new coverage, and create funding strategies to support premium payments. After the trust is executed, we provide implementation assistance and guidance for trustees. If the insured dies, we assist trustees with claims and the distribution process. Throughout, we emphasize documentation and clear instructions to ensure the ILIT operates smoothly and in accordance with your intentions.
The first stage involves identifying goals, reviewing existing insurance policies and estate documents, and drafting the trust instrument to meet those goals. We discuss trustee selection, beneficiary provisions, and funding approaches for premium payments, taking into account California law and federal tax considerations. The trust document is tailored to reflect specific distribution instructions, contingencies for predeceased beneficiaries, and powers granted to the trustee to administer proceeds effectively. Clear drafting at this stage reduces the risk of confusion or disputes later on.
During the initial consultation, we gather information about family structure, policy details, and financial objectives to design a suitable ILIT arrangement. This includes reviewing policy ownership, face amounts, premium schedules, and any existing beneficiary designations. We explain the implications of transferring ownership to a trust and recommend language that supports your objectives. Preparing the trust document carefully ensures that it integrates with your overall estate plan and reflects contingencies for future changes such as births, deaths, or marital status changes among beneficiaries.
Drafting trust terms focuses on distribution standards, trustee powers, and mechanisms for premium payments and investment of trust assets. The document addresses authority for the trustee to interact with insurance carriers, make tax elections when appropriate, and manage proceeds according to the grantor’s stated goals. We also include provisions for successor trustees, recordkeeping requirements, and instructions for handling unforeseen circumstances. Clear trustee provisions make sure the trust can be administered efficiently and consistently over time.
The implementation phase ensures that the trust is properly funded and that policies are owned by the trust as intended. This may involve transferring an existing policy into the trust, having the trust purchase a new policy, or establishing gifting arrangements to support premium payments. We coordinate with insurance carriers to update ownership and beneficiary designations, and provide documentation for gifts used to pay premiums. Proper implementation is essential to ensure that the ILIT functions correctly and that the intended benefits are achieved under California and federal rules.
Coordination with insurance carriers is a critical component of implementation. We confirm carrier requirements for ownership transfers, obtain necessary forms, and document the transfer to the trust. Additionally, we advise on funding mechanisms to cover premiums, including annual contributions to the trust and Crummey notice procedures where applicable. Maintaining clear records of these transactions helps preserve the intended tax treatment and ensures the policy remains in force to provide the planned benefits for beneficiaries when they are needed.
Once the trust document is executed and ownership transfers are completed, careful recordkeeping ensures clarity for trustees and beneficiaries. We provide copies of trust instruments to relevant parties, confirm changes with insurance carriers, and advise trustees on meeting ongoing obligations. Keeping organized records of premium funding, policy statements, and trust correspondence supports transparent administration and reduces delays in claims processing. Proper documentation also helps trustees comply with reporting obligations and maintain trust integrity over the long term.
After the insured’s death, the trustee is responsible for filing a claim with the insurance carrier, managing trust assets, and making distributions consistent with the trust terms. Our firm assists trustees in completing claims paperwork, addressing any carrier inquiries, and advising on tax reporting and distribution strategies. If disputes arise among beneficiaries or complexities emerge, we provide guidance to help resolve issues efficiently. Sound administration practices reduce the risk of litigation and ensure that beneficiaries receive the intended support according to the grantor’s plan.
When a claim is filed, the trustee must provide policy documentation, proof of death, and other required information to the insurance carrier. We guide trustees through the claims process, help coordinate with carriers regarding payout timing, and advise on immediate needs such as paying estate expenses or supporting dependent beneficiaries. Properly managed claims and timely distributions allow trustees to fulfill the grantor’s intentions while maintaining compliance with trust terms and applicable law.
The trustee’s ongoing responsibilities include investing proceeds prudently within the trust’s terms, maintaining accurate records, and dispensing funds according to distribution instructions. We assist trustees in documenting actions, preparing any necessary tax filings, and coordinating distributions to beneficiaries. Final distributions are carried out in accordance with the trust document and any residual matters are resolved to close the trust. Thoughtful administration preserves the value of the proceeds and honors the grantor’s intentions for beneficiaries and legacy goals.
An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust is a trust that owns a life insurance policy and directs how death benefits will be handled for named beneficiaries. Because the trust is irrevocable, the grantor typically relinquishes ownership of the policy, and the proceeds are administered by the trustee according to the trust’s instructions. The trust can stipulate distribution timing, conditions, and protective measures for beneficiaries. Proper drafting and funding ensure the trust functions effectively, with the trustee managing premiums, filing claims, and investing proceeds to meet the grantor’s objectives and family needs in California.
An ILIT can help reduce the grantor’s taxable estate by removing life insurance proceeds from estate calculations when transfers are completed properly and outside any retention period that would cause inclusion. Estate tax implications depend on federal and state rules applicable at the time of death as well as timing of ownership transfers. Working through these issues when establishing the ILIT helps align goals for tax efficiency and asset preservation. Legal counsel assists in structuring transfers and funding to minimize unintended tax consequences and integrate the trust with the broader estate plan.
Transferring an existing policy into an ILIT is common, but timing matters because transfers within a certain period before death may be included in the taxable estate under applicable rules. It is important to review carrier requirements for assignment or transfer, update beneficiary designations to reflect the trust as owner and beneficiary, and document the transfer thoroughly. Clients should allow sufficient time between transfer and expected outcomes to ensure the desired estate treatment. Careful planning helps maintain coverage and prevents gaps that could undermine the trust’s purpose.
The trustee serves as the trust’s manager, responsible for premium payments, recordkeeping, claims handling, investing trust assets, and making distributions in accordance with the trust terms. Trustees may be family members, trusted advisors, or a corporate trustee, depending on the grantor’s preferences and the complexity of the trust. When selecting a trustee, consider availability, financial judgment, and the ability to remain impartial over time. Clear trustee instructions and successor designations in the trust document ensure continuity and effective administration across generations.
Premium payments are typically funded by gifts to the ILIT from the grantor, which the trustee then uses to pay the insurer. Gifts may be structured to take advantage of annual gift allowances and, where appropriate, include notice procedures to preserve gift tax treatment. Maintaining a consistent funding mechanism and careful records of contributions supports the trust’s integrity and prevents lapses in coverage. The trust document should specify how premiums are handled and whether the trustee has authority to make payments from trust assets or to borrow if necessary to maintain the policy.
If a beneficiary dies before the insured, the trust should include contingent beneficiary provisions that specify alternate beneficiaries or instructions for distribution of that beneficiary’s share. Properly drafted ILIT documents anticipate such events and provide mechanisms for redistribution of proceeds, use for other beneficiaries, or conversion for other purposes such as charitable gifts. Including clear contingencies reduces the risk of disputes and helps trustees act in accordance with the grantor’s intent. Regular review of beneficiary designations and trust terms keeps plans current with family changes.
An ILIT can be tailored to provide ongoing support for beneficiaries with special needs by including distribution standards that supplement government benefits without disqualifying eligibility. Careful drafting can guide trustees to make distributions for permitted expenses while preserving access to public benefits. Utilizing appropriate trust structures and coordination with benefit advisors helps ensure the trust supports the beneficiary’s quality of life without unintended impacts on eligibility. Clear instructions and trustee discretion balanced with protective provisions provide a means to preserve long-term financial security for vulnerable heirs.
An ILIT complements a revocable living trust and a pour-over will by addressing life insurance proceeds specifically while other documents manage broader asset distribution and incapacity planning. A pour-over will can move remaining assets into a revocable trust upon death, while the ILIT remains a separate irrevocable vehicle for insurance proceeds. Coordinating these documents ensures beneficiary designations, trustee roles, and funding mechanisms work together seamlessly. Integrating documents minimizes conflicts, reduces probate exposure, and creates a cohesive plan aligned with the grantor’s objectives in California.
For business owners, setting up an ILIT involves assessing how life insurance proceeds will support succession, buy-sell agreements, or estate liquidity needs. The ILIT can provide funds to buy out heirs’ shares or support continuation of operations without forced asset sales. Coordination with business agreements, valuation strategies, and other estate planning instruments is essential to ensure that the trust supports both family and business objectives. Careful planning helps maintain business continuity and provides fair treatment of heirs while preserving the owner’s legacy and operational stability.
Creating and funding an ILIT can often be accomplished in a period of weeks with coordinated effort among counsel, insurance carriers, and financial advisors, though the timeline varies with policy transfers and funding arrangements. Ongoing costs include potential trustee fees, insurance premiums, recordkeeping, and occasional legal advice for administration or amendments to related documents. Planning ahead and documenting procedures reduces surprises and helps trustees carry out duties efficiently. Regular reviews ensure the ILIT remains aligned with evolving family and financial circumstances, keeping costs predictable and administration manageable.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas