If you are a trustee, beneficiary, or family member dealing with trust administration matters in Sutter County, a Heggstad petition can be a vital tool to resolve title and distribution issues without lengthy litigation. This page explains how a Heggstad petition works, when it may be appropriate, and what steps are typically involved when seeking court confirmation that property owned in a decedent’s name should be treated as trust property. We outline practical considerations specific to Sutter County and California law to help you evaluate whether a Heggstad petition is the right pathway to clear title and move estate matters forward efficiently.
A Heggstad petition often arises when real or personal property was not properly transferred into a trust during a decedent’s lifetime, or when assets remain titled in the deceased person’s name. The petition asks the probate court to recognize that the decedent intended the property to be part of the trust and to order transfer of title to the trustee. This process can clarify ownership for banks, county recorder offices, and title companies. Understanding the petition’s purpose, required evidence, and likely timeline can reduce uncertainty and help trustees and beneficiaries take informed next steps in trust administration.
A Heggstad petition can bring clarity and legal authority to transfer assets into a trust when paperwork is incomplete or title remains incorrectly held in a decedent’s name. By obtaining a court order recognizing that certain property is trust property, trustees gain the practical ability to market, sell, or manage assets and to provide clear documentation to financial institutions and title companies. This avoids prolonged disputes and can prevent potential clouds on title that complicate real estate transactions or the distribution of estate assets. For beneficiaries, court confirmation reduces confusion about ownership and helps unlock assets intended to be governed by the trust.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves clients across California, including Sutter County, offering focused estate planning and trust administration services. Our approach to Heggstad petitions emphasizes careful document review, thorough evidentiary preparation, and clear communication with trustees, beneficiaries, and the court. We work to assemble deeds, trust documents, affidavits of intent, and witness statements needed to support a petition. Our goal is to secure a timely court order that resolves title issues and protects the rights of the trust and its beneficiaries while minimizing procedural delays and unnecessary expense for families during a difficult time.
A Heggstad petition addresses situations where assets that should have been transferred to a trust remain titled in the decedent’s name after death. The petition asks the probate court to declare that specific property is trust property based on evidence of the decedent’s intent and actions indicating a transfer to the trust. Evidence can include the trust document, draft or executed deeds, beneficiary designations, financial records, and communications showing intent to fund the trust. The court evaluates whether the decedent intended the trust to control the asset and whether a transfer was sufficiently completed or should be recognized as effective despite title remaining unchanged.
The practical effect of a successful Heggstad petition is that the court declares the asset part of the trust and permits the trustee to manage, sell, or distribute the property according to the trust’s terms. This is particularly important for real property, accounts, and other assets for which title or paperwork was never properly changed. The petition is not a request to modify trust terms but rather a declaratory action to fix ownership. Timely filing and robust documentation increase the likelihood of a favorable ruling and reduce the risk of prolonged disputes among heirs and interested parties.
A Heggstad petition is a judicial proceeding under California probate rules asking the court to find that property titled in a decedent’s name should legally be treated as trust property because of the decedent’s demonstrated intent to fund the trust. The petition typically cites the trust instrument and supporting evidence such as drafts of deeds, canceled checks, trust funding attempts, or witness declarations. The court then decides whether the property should be transferred to the trustee’s control. The Heggstad remedy provides a legal avenue to correct incomplete trust funding without resorting to formal probate for every asset.
Filing a Heggstad petition involves assembling core documentation, preparing a verified petition, serving interested persons, and presenting evidence at a hearing if contested. Core items include the trust document, any deeds or beneficiary forms, affidavits or declarations describing the decedent’s intent to fund the trust, and evidence of attempts to change title. Notice must be given to heirs and known interested parties. In many cases, outreach and voluntary agreements can resolve issues before a hearing, but when disagreements persist, the court evaluates the totality of evidence to determine whether the asset should be treated as trust property.
Understanding common terms helps trustees and beneficiaries navigate a Heggstad petition. This glossary explains words you are likely to encounter during trust administration and in the petition process, including terms related to title, probate, and court procedures. Clear definitions can demystify the paperwork and clarify expectations for timelines and outcomes. If you have questions about how these terms apply to your situation, an initial consultation can help translate the legal definitions into practical next steps tailored to Sutter County rules and recorder practices.
Trust funding refers to the process of transferring ownership of assets into a trust so that the trust document controls those assets after the grantor’s incapacity or death. Funding may include executing and recording deeds for real property, retitling bank and brokerage accounts, changing beneficiary designations, and assigning other assets to the trust. Incomplete funding is a common trigger for a Heggstad petition when property that should have been transferred remains in the decedent’s name. Proper documentation of funding efforts is often essential to support a court’s recognition of trust ownership.
Declaratory relief is a type of court order that determines the legal status or rights of parties without awarding damages. In the context of a Heggstad petition, declaratory relief means the court formally declares that specific property is trust property based on evidence of the decedent’s intent and actions. This declaration allows the trustee to take control of the asset, address title issues, and carry out trust terms. The declaration resolves uncertainty and provides official documentation for banks, title companies, and county recorders.
Title issues arise when legal ownership documentation does not match the intended distribution under a trust. This can happen when deeds were not recorded, accounts were not retitled, or transfers were attempted but incomplete. Title issues can prevent trustees from selling or conveying property and can complicate real estate transactions. A Heggstad petition seeks judicial confirmation to cure these defects by establishing that the decedent intended the property to belong to the trust despite the absence of perfect title paperwork.
An interested person in probate and trust proceedings includes heirs, beneficiaries, trustees, and others with a financial stake in the estate or trust. Proper notice of a Heggstad petition must be provided to all known interested persons so they have the opportunity to respond or object. Notice requirements protect due process rights and allow the court to consider all relevant perspectives. Failure to provide required notice can delay proceedings or lead to additional hearings, so careful attention to serving documents and filing proof of service is important.
When assets remain improperly titled, there are multiple paths to resolution, including filing a Heggstad petition, initiating a probate administration, or pursuing informal agreements among heirs and trustees. A Heggstad petition is generally faster and more narrowly focused than full probate because it seeks a declaratory order rather than full probate administration. Probate can be time-consuming and public, while an agreed settlement or direct corrective deeds may avoid court entirely if all parties cooperate. The correct option depends on the facts, relationships among interested persons, the value of assets involved, and whether title companies will accept alternative documentation.
A limited approach can work when the trust instrument and supporting documents clearly show the decedent’s intent to fund the trust and all interested persons agree on the intended transfer. In such situations, parties may be able to execute corrective deeds, provide affidavits to financial institutions, and obtain acceptance from title companies without filing a petition. This path reduces court costs and preserves privacy, but it requires cooperation among heirs and confidence that third parties will accept the documentation. When agreement exists, focusing on direct corrective measures can be an efficient option.
When assets involved are of relatively low value or are not subject to formal title requirements, informal resolution may be adequate. Banks and other institutions sometimes accept written statements, trust copies, and beneficiary designations to release funds or retitle accounts. For personal property or simple account transfers, parties can often avoid the expense of court proceedings by coordinating with institutions and providing proof of authority. However, when real estate or contested interests are at stake, formal court recognition may still be necessary to clear title and prevent future disputes.
When heirs or beneficiaries dispute whether an asset belongs to the trust, informal measures can fail and formal court resolution becomes necessary. A Heggstad petition provides a structured process for presenting evidence to a judge who can resolve conflicting claims. This is particularly important where title companies refuse to clear property for sale or transfer without a court order, or when one or more interested persons object to the proposed transfer. In such circumstances, a judicial determination protects trustees who need clear authority to act and helps prevent later challenges to transactions.
Complex title histories, missing deeds, or partial attempts to transfer property can create uncertainty that institutions will not accept without court confirmation. When records are inconsistent or transfers were attempted but not fully executed, a Heggstad petition allows the court to consider the totality of evidence and issue an order that clarifies ownership. This path can be essential when resolving chain-of-title problems, removing clouds on title, or when the cost of proceeding through full probate is comparable to the targeted relief a petition affords.
A comprehensive, court-based approach such as a Heggstad petition offers definitive resolution by securing an official judicial declaration regarding property ownership. This formal finding is typically accepted by title companies, banks, and county recorders, enabling trustees to sell or manage assets without future disputes. Judicial orders also create record evidence of the transfer that can deter later challenges. For families facing contested distributions or complicated title issues, the certainty provided by a court order can be invaluable in moving the estate administration forward with confidence and reducing long-term conflict.
Although court proceedings involve time and cost, the long-term advantages include clear title, enforceable authority for trustees, and protection against subsequent claims. A successful Heggstad petition places the property squarely under the trust’s control, allowing trustees to follow the trust’s instructions for disposition and management. In transactions involving real estate or high-value assets, court confirmation prevents escrow hold-ups and gives buyers and lenders assurance. Ultimately, the comprehensive approach can save time and money by preventing repeated disputes and facilitating smoother administration of trust assets.
A principal benefit of a Heggstad petition is obtaining a court order that clears title so trustees and beneficiaries can proceed with real estate sales, refinancing, or transfers. Title companies and lenders often require formal judicial confirmation when records do not reflect trust ownership. By securing a recorded court order, trustees gain documentation that satisfies institutional requirements and enables timely closings. This legal recognition reduces delays and provides assurance to all parties that the property should be treated and transferred according to the trust’s terms.
Court adjudication provides finality by creating an enforceable judicial determination about the status of property. Once the court declares an asset to be trust property and issues an order to transfer, the record helps guard against later claims disputing the transfer. This protection is important for trustees who must act in the trust’s interests and for beneficiaries who want assurance that distributions and sales will not be invalidated. The formal record also simplifies future dealings with public offices and financial institutions that require clear title evidence.
Begin by collecting all documents that demonstrate the decedent’s intent to fund the trust, including the trust instrument, drafts or executed deeds, canceled checks, correspondence, and beneficiary designations. Witness statements and affidavits from individuals who observed attempts to transfer property can strengthen a petition. Early documentation reduces delays and increases the petition’s effectiveness. Keeping organized records helps in preparing the verified petition, meeting notice requirements, and responding to inquiries from title companies and the court, which can streamline the overall process.
A Heggstad petition requires providing proper notice to all interested persons and adhering to local court deadlines and procedural rules. Allow time for serving interested parties, filing proofs of service, and scheduling hearings under the court’s calendar. Being prepared for these procedural steps avoids unnecessary continuances and can keep costs down. Consulting the local probate rules for Sutter County and preparing a complete petition packet in advance ensures you meet procedural requirements and present the strongest possible case to the court.
Consider filing a Heggstad petition if assets that were intended to fund a trust remain titled in the decedent’s name and institutions will not accept informal documentation to transfer ownership. The petition is often a sensible choice when title companies require a court order to clear property, when heirs disagree about ownership, or when deeds were never recorded. For trustees who must manage or market these assets, court recognition provides the authority needed to act. It is also a focused remedy that avoids full probate for each asset when the trust otherwise governs distribution.
Another reason to pursue a Heggstad petition is to protect future transactions from challenge. A recorded judicial declaration reduces the likelihood of later disputes and helps ensure that buyers, lenders, and escrow agents will process transfers. When dealing with real estate or significant accounts, the certainty provided by a court order can prevent costly delays and liability for trustees. Families facing mixed title records or partial funding efforts often find that this targeted judicial remedy provides clearer, enforceable authority for trust administration.
Frequent triggers for Heggstad petitions include unrecorded deeds to real property, bank or brokerage accounts still in the decedent’s name, and partial funding attempts where documents were executed but not properly delivered or recorded. Other scenarios include transfers attempted shortly before death, beneficiary designation mismatches, and clerical errors in title documents. These situations create uncertainty that can block transactions or trust administration tasks. A petition offers a judicial path to reconcile the decedent’s intent with the formal records and to provide a definitive ruling on ownership.
When deeds intended to transfer real property into a trust were prepared but never recorded, title remains in the decedent’s name and escrows can be blocked. A Heggstad petition asks the court to recognize that the decedent intended the property to be held by the trust despite the lack of recorded deed. Evidence such as unsigned or signed deeds, closing statements, and witness declarations can support the petition. Court recognition permits the trustee to complete transactions and ensures the property is administered according to the trust terms rather than probate default rules.
Financial accounts that should have been retitled to the trust but remain in the decedent’s name create obstacles to distribution. Similarly, beneficiary designation errors or omissions on retirement accounts or life insurance can complicate administration. When institutions require clear authority, a Heggstad petition may be used to show that assets were intended to be trust property. Providing statements, attempted retitling records, and communications with institutions strengthens the case and helps ensure assets are distributed as the decedent intended.
Attempts to fund a trust completed shortly before death, or transfers made but not finalized, often lead to disputes over whether the property is properly vested in the trust. A Heggstad petition allows the court to evaluate the surrounding facts—documents, statements, and actions taken by the decedent—and to determine whether the trust should be deemed the owner. This remedy helps reconcile last-minute funding efforts with formal title requirements and permits trustees to proceed with administration consistent with the decedent’s intent.
If you are confronting title issues or incomplete trust funding in Sutter County, local counsel can help evaluate whether a Heggstad petition is the appropriate route. That assistance typically includes reviewing the trust and related documents, gathering supporting evidence, preparing the verified petition, handling notice and service, and representing the trustee or interested parties at court hearings if necessary. Local familiarity with Sutter County probate rules, recording procedures, and court practices can streamline the process and reduce procedural obstacles while seeking the court’s declaratory relief.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman offers focused estate planning and trust administration services across California, including handling Heggstad petitions in Sutter County. We concentrate on clear communication, careful document preparation, and practical solutions tailored to your circumstances. From assembling deeds and affidavits to filing the petition and managing service of process, our approach is designed to reduce delays and position your matter for favorable resolution. We strive to help trustees and beneficiaries achieve definitive outcomes through court orders or agreed solutions when possible.
Navigating a Heggstad petition requires attention to procedural rules, evidence collection, and coordination with title companies and recorders. We work to present a compelling factual record that demonstrates the decedent’s intent to fund the trust, which increases the likelihood of court recognition. Our goal is to secure the clearance needed for trustees to manage and distribute trust assets while minimizing unnecessary expense. We keep clients informed throughout the process so decisions are made with full understanding of options and likely outcomes.
Whether assets are residential real property, bank accounts, or other titled holdings, resolving title defects promptly protects beneficiaries and streamlines administration. We assist trustees with post-order recording steps and communications with escrow and title companies. Our office also provides guidance on related estate planning documents such as pour-over wills, certifications of trust, and powers of attorney to prevent similar issues in the future. We aim to help families conclude the administration with clear title and minimal disruption to financial and property transactions.
Our process begins with a thorough intake to identify the assets at issue, collect trust and title documents, and assess potential obstacles. We then prepare a verified petition tailored to the facts and California probate procedures, draft declarations and supporting exhibits, and coordinate notice to interested persons. If possible, we attempt to resolve issues through discussion and agreed orders. When contested, we prepare for court hearings and present the evidentiary basis for the petition. After a favorable order, we assist with recording the order and completing any post-judgment transfers required by title companies or recorders.
The initial step focuses on identifying the asset, reviewing trust documents, and assembling evidence that demonstrates the decedent’s intent to have the asset held in the trust. This includes gathering deeds, account statements, correspondence, and declarations from individuals with knowledge of the decedent’s intentions. We evaluate title records and any attempted transfers to determine the strength of the case. A robust documentation package is critical to preparing a convincing petition and supporting declarations that will persuade the court to recognize the trust’s ownership of the asset.
We carefully review the trust document to determine the grantor’s intentions and whether the asset falls within the trust’s terms. Identifying the asset’s legal description, any relevant deeds, and the timeline of attempted transfers helps shape the petition. We also confirm whether related documents, such as pour-over wills or assignments, exist and how they interact with the trust. This careful review ensures that the petition focuses on the most persuasive documentary evidence while anticipating potential objections or challenges from interested persons.
Supportive statements from witnesses, drafts of deeds, canceled checks, and correspondence can be decisive in proving intent to fund the trust. We work with clients to obtain written declarations from individuals who observed the grantor’s actions or heard statements about funding the trust. Institutional records from banks or title companies that document attempted transfers are also gathered. These materials form the backbone of the petition’s evidentiary showing and increase the chance of a favorable court determination without protracted litigation.
Once the evidence is assembled, we draft a verified petition tailored to the California probate code and local Sutter County rules. The petition sets forth the factual basis for treating the asset as trust property and attaches supporting exhibits and declarations. We calculate and plan required service lists, prepare notices for interested persons, and file the petition with the court. Properly framed legal claims and complete supporting documentation are essential to avoid delays and present the court with a clear path to grant declaratory relief under the Heggstad framework.
Drafting the petition includes stating the factual history, describing the asset, and attaching documentary evidence that supports the transfer to the trust. Exhibits typically include the trust document, any deeds or draft deeds, account statements, and witness declarations. The petition explains why judicial recognition is necessary and requests specific relief to transfer title to the trustee. Careful attention to legal citations and procedural requirements increases the petition’s effectiveness and reduces the likelihood of requests for additional information from the court.
Service of the petition on all interested persons is a procedural necessity and must be handled correctly to ensure the court has jurisdiction and parties have the opportunity to respond. We prepare service packages, coordinate methods of delivery that meet statutory requirements, and file proofs of service with the court. Accurate service documentation avoids delays or potential challenges and demonstrates compliance with due process requirements, which helps the court proceed to consider the merits of the petition without procedural complications.
If the petition is contested, a hearing may be scheduled where the court considers testimony and documentary evidence before deciding whether to grant declaratory relief. When the court issues an order recognizing the asset as trust property, we assist with any post-judgment steps such as recording the court order, preparing corrective deeds for recording, and notifying financial institutions or title companies. These follow-up actions ensure the practical effect of the court’s decision and finalize the asset’s transfer into the trust for administration or distribution.
At the hearing, the court evaluates the submitted evidence and any testimony to determine whether the facts support treating the property as trust-owned. We present declarations, documentary exhibits, and witness statements that attest to the decedent’s intention to fund the trust. If the court is persuaded, it issues an order declaring the asset to be trust property and directing appropriate transfers. That order becomes a formal record that title companies and institutions will recognize for subsequent transactions.
After securing a favorable court order, it is important to record the order where necessary and complete any deeds or title changes required by the recorder or title company. We handle the preparation and recording of corrective documents and coordinate with escrow or financial institutions to finalize transfers. Proper recording creates a public record of the court’s decision, removes clouds on title, and provides the trustee with the documentation needed to manage or distribute the asset in accordance with the trust.
A Heggstad petition is a probate-court filing that asks the court to declare that property titled in a decedent’s name should be treated as trust property due to the decedent’s clear intent to fund the trust. It is used when transfers to the trust were not completed or recorded, or when institutions refuse to accept informal documentation. The petition presents documentary evidence and declarations demonstrating intent and any steps taken toward transfer. The court then decides whether the asset belongs to the trust and may issue an order to transfer title to the trustee. This tool is appropriate when title issues interfere with administration, sales, or transfers and when other informal remedies are insufficient. It provides a formal judicial declaration that most title companies and financial institutions will accept. Filing a petition is particularly helpful for real property, high-value accounts, or situations with contested ownership where a definitive court order is necessary to proceed safely with trust administration.
The timeline for a Heggstad petition depends on the complexity of the facts, the court’s calendar, and whether the petition is contested. In uncontested matters with complete documentation, it may take a few months from filing to obtaining an order, accounting for required notice periods and court scheduling. In contested cases or those requiring additional discovery, the process can be longer. Local practices in Sutter County and the availability of judge calendars influence how quickly hearings are scheduled and resolved. Preparation time also affects duration: organizing deeds, declarations, and institutional records expedites the petition. Early outreach to interested persons can sometimes lead to agreed orders and quicker resolution without a contested hearing, which often reduces overall time and expense. Planning for required notices and potential objections helps manage expectations for the timeline.
Supporting a Heggstad petition typically requires the trust document, any deeds or drafts evidencing an intended transfer, account statements, communications that show intent to fund the trust, and witness declarations or affidavits from persons with direct knowledge of the decedent’s actions and wishes. Cancelled checks, closing statements, and correspondence with title companies or banks are also useful. The court looks for a credible record indicating the decedent’s intent and efforts to vest the asset in the trust, even if formal title was not completed. Evidence quality and coherence matter: consistent documentation that ties the decedent’s actions to the trust increases the petition’s persuasiveness. When direct documentary proof is limited, corroborating witness statements and institutional records can fill gaps. The stronger and more detailed the evidence, the greater the likelihood the court will issue an order recognizing the asset as trust property.
Yes, a Heggstad petition can sometimes be resolved without a contested hearing when all interested persons agree and institutions accept the submitted documentation. Agreement among heirs and beneficiaries can lead to stipulated facts and an agreed order presented to the court for approval, which avoids a full evidentiary hearing. Reaching a voluntary resolution reduces costs and preserves privacy, but it requires cooperation and willingness by relevant parties to sign off on corrective deeds or acknowledgments. Even in agreed cases, proper notice and court filings are required, and the court must be satisfied with the documentation supporting the order. When institutions demand formal judicial confirmation, obtaining a stipulated order or a short uncontested hearing can accomplish the same practical outcome more efficiently than contested litigation.
A court order declaring property to be trust property provides strong protection against future challenges because it becomes part of the official record and is generally accepted by title companies, banks, and other institutions. Once recorded, the order clarifies ownership and reduces the risk that later claims will overturn the transfer. That said, if new evidence emerges or if procedural errors occurred in the petition process, interested persons may attempt to challenge the order, so careful compliance with notice and procedural requirements is important to minimize grounds for later disputes. To increase finality, trustees should ensure all required service and filing steps were correctly completed and that the order is properly recorded with the county recorder when necessary. Properly documented proceedings and recorded orders provide a durable legal shield that facilitates future transactions and helps prevent re-litigation of the same ownership issues.
Alternatives to filing a Heggstad petition include negotiating agreements among heirs and trustees, using corrective deeds or assignments if all parties consent, and providing institutional affidavits that some banks or title companies will accept. In some cases, probate administration or ancillary probate proceedings may be alternatives depending on the asset type and the nature of the dispute. The choice depends on the specific facts, the willingness of parties to cooperate, and the requirements of third parties like title companies or lenders. When parties are cooperative, informal resolutions can save time and money, but they may not offer the same level of enforceable finality as a court order. When institutions or parties require definitive judicial recognition or when disputes persist, a Heggstad petition offers a targeted and effective legal remedy.
When filing a Heggstad petition, you must provide notice to all interested persons, which typically includes trustees, beneficiaries, heirs, and anyone with a potential legal interest in the asset. The exact list depends on the trust’s terms and the decedent’s family relationships. Courts require accurate service lists and proper proof of service to ensure due process and to allow interested persons the opportunity to respond or object to the petition before the court rules. Failing to notify required parties can result in delays or the need for additional proceedings. It is important to identify all potential interested persons early and follow statutory service methods for the jurisdiction. Properly handled notice helps move the matter forward and prevents procedural challenges that could undermine the finality of the court’s order.
After the court grants a Heggstad petition, the clerk will enter an order reflecting the judgment that certain property is trust property and directing the steps necessary to transfer title to the trustee. The trustee should then record the order with the county recorder if the asset involves real property and provide the order to banks or title companies to complete the retitling of accounts or property. These post-judgment steps finalize the practical effect of the court’s decision and enable the trustee to exercise control over the asset in accordance with the trust. Following the order, trustees may also need to execute corrective deeds, update account titles, and notify relevant institutions. Ensuring these follow-up actions are properly recorded and documented prevents new clouds on title and facilitates future transactions such as sales, refinances, or distributions to beneficiaries as directed by the trust.
Costs for a Heggstad petition vary based on the complexity of the matter, whether the petition is contested, and the amount of attorney and court time required. Fees include court filing fees, costs for service and record retrieval, and professional fees to prepare the petition and supporting documents. Uncontested, straightforward petitions cost less and may be resolved more quickly. Contested matters require additional resources and can increase total expense significantly due to hearings, discovery, and additional filings. When budgeting, consider potential savings from avoiding full probate for the asset, the value of clearing title for a sale or refinance, and the risks of leaving title issues unresolved. Discussing likely costs and strategies for minimizing expense during an initial consultation helps set realistic expectations for the process and potential outcomes.
Yes, Heggstad petitions can apply to bank accounts and personal property as well as real estate when those assets were intended to be held by a trust but remain improperly titled. Institutions sometimes accept affidavits or trust documentation, but when they require formal court confirmation, a Heggstad petition provides the judicial declaration needed to retitle accounts and transfer personal property. Clear documentation of intent and any attempted funding increases the petition’s chance of success for various asset types. For non-real property assets, the practical steps after an order may include presenting the court order to financial institutions or repossessing physical items for trust control. Even when institutions are cooperative, obtaining a recorded order can prevent future complications and provide a stable legal basis for trustees to manage or distribute trust-owned personal property.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas