A pet trust is a legal arrangement that ensures your companion animals receive care after your incapacity or death. In Tuolumne City and throughout California, a properly drafted pet trust names a caregiver, allocates funds for ongoing care, and outlines the preferences you want followed for feeding, medical treatment, housing, and daily routines. At the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman we prepare documents tailored to your pet’s needs and your personal wishes, providing clarity for caregivers and helping minimize disputes. This introductory overview explains how a pet trust works and why it can provide peace of mind for animal owners planning ahead.
Planning for a pet’s future involves more than naming a friend to assume care. A pet trust sets out the legal mechanisms to transfer funds, appoint a trustee to manage those funds, and establish instructions for care that last as long as needed. In California, pet trusts are recognized and enforceable when drafted correctly, and they can be paired with other estate planning documents such as a will, trust, power of attorney, or healthcare directive. This section gives a concise summary of typical provisions and how those provisions work in practice to protect your animal companions when you can no longer provide care yourself.
Creating a pet trust provides structural and financial protections for animals that depend on you. The trust allows you to name a caregiver and trustee, set aside funds for routine and unforeseen expenses, and detail preferences for medical care, environment, and daily habits. It reduces uncertainty and potential conflict among family members by documenting your wishes in a legally binding format. Additionally, a pet trust can help ensure long-term stewardship for animals with special needs or extensive care requirements. With these provisions, owners can feel confident that their pets will be cared for in a manner consistent with their values and resources.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provide estate planning and trust services across California, including guidance tailored to pet owners in Tuolumne City. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, practical planning, and drafting that aligns with clients’ personal goals. We prepare revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, powers of attorney, advance health care directives, and pet trusts with an eye toward coordinating each document for a streamlined plan. Clients receive direct attention to the details that matter for pets, such as funding strategies, caregiver selection, and trustee responsibilities, all designed to fit within a broader estate plan that protects assets and loved ones.
A pet trust is a legal vehicle that holds property, typically money, for the care of one or more companion animals. In California, these arrangements can be set up within a will or as a standalone trust. The document identifies the pets to be covered, names a caregiver and trustee, and instructs how funds should be used for food, veterinary care, grooming, boarding, and other needs. It can include contingencies for successor caregivers and trustees, and it can set rules for what happens to remaining funds when a pet dies. Proper funding and clear directions are essential for a pet trust to function as intended.
Establishing a pet trust requires attention to several practical steps like designating a trustee to manage funds, selecting a caregiver who will provide daily care, and providing guidance on medical treatment and living arrangements. Coordination with other estate planning tools is important; for example, naming a trust as the beneficiary of certain accounts or including a general assignment of assets to trust can ensure funds are available when needed. Additionally, the trust can include provisions for periodic accounting and oversight to help ensure funds are used appropriately for the animal’s benefit during its lifetime.
A pet trust is a legal instrument that designates assets to be used exclusively for the care of one or more pets. It operates through appointed roles: a trustee who controls distributions and a caregiver who provides day-to-day care. The trust can be written to cover routine expenses, emergency medical care, and long-term housing arrangements. It also typically specifies how long the trust will remain in effect, how funds should be managed, and who will receive any leftover funds when the pet passes. Understanding these components helps pet owners create a trust that meets both the animals’ needs and the owner’s intentions.
Important elements of a pet trust include identifying the pets covered, appointing a caregiver and trustee, specifying the purpose of funds, and outlining care instructions. The process usually begins with a consultation to determine appropriate funding and provisions, followed by drafting the trust document and integrating it with existing estate planning instruments. Steps also involve selecting successor caregivers, establishing oversight mechanisms, and arranging funding through account designations or transfers. Ensuring the trust is enforceable may require clear language and realistic budgeting so that the trustee can follow the owner’s wishes effectively over time.
Familiarity with common terms helps when creating a pet trust. Terms such as trustee, caregiver, beneficiary (in this context the pet), funding, and successor caregiver appear frequently. Understanding these concepts allows owners to make informed decisions about how to allocate resources and who should handle important responsibilities. This section provides plain-language definitions and examples so clients can review their options and make choices that reflect their priorities for their animals’ care and financial needs. Clear definitions also aid in drafting language that will be interpreted as intended under California law.
A trustee is the person or institutional agent charged with managing the funds or property held in the pet trust. Responsibilities typically include holding and investing trust assets prudently, making distributions to cover a pet’s expenses, maintaining records, and following any specific instructions set forth by the trust maker. The trustee has a fiduciary-style duty to act in accordance with the trust’s terms and for the pet’s benefit. Owners should select a trustee who is trustworthy, financially responsible, and willing to coordinate with the caregiver to ensure that resources are used appropriately.
A caregiver is the individual or organization designated to provide the daily physical and emotional care for the pet. This role involves feeding, grooming, exercise, routine veterinary visits, and any special accommodations based on the animal’s needs. The caregiver may receive reimbursements from the trustee for approved expenses. When choosing a caregiver, owners should consider practical matters such as living arrangements, the ability to handle medical needs, and a willingness to assume responsibility for the pet’s long-term welfare. A backup caregiver should also be named in case the primary caregiver cannot fulfill their duties.
Funding refers to the process of providing the trust with liquid assets or property so the trustee can meet the pet’s needs. Common funding methods include transferring cash, designating bank accounts or retirement benefits payable to the trust, or including a general assignment of assets to trust. It is important to estimate realistic ongoing costs and to plan for emergencies or extended care needs. Without proper funding, the trustee may be limited in their ability to follow the trust maker’s instructions, so owners should review their finances regularly and coordinate with their estate plan to make sure funds will be available when needed.
Successor provisions name alternative caregivers and trustees to step in if the primary designees are unable or unwilling to serve. These provisions should specify the order of succession and any conditions under which a successor would assume responsibilities. Including successor provisions helps ensure continuity of care and reduces the likelihood of delays or disputes when changes occur. Owners can also include instructions for how and when successor appointments should be activated, as well as any procedures for the trustee to follow when transitioning responsibility to a new caregiver.
When planning for a pet’s future, owners may consider alternatives such as informal caregiver arrangements, provisions in a will, or stand-alone pet trusts. Informal arrangements can be flexible but may lack legal enforceability and financial safeguards. A will can name a caregiver and leave funds, but wills typically go through probate, which can delay access to funds. A pet trust provides a legally structured approach with an appointed trustee to manage funds and provide for the pet immediately upon incapacity or death, offering clearer financial support and enforceable instructions compared to informal or solely testamentary options.
A limited approach may suffice when a pet’s anticipated needs are modest and short term, such as when friends or family are prepared to provide care without expecting reimbursement. If an owner has minimal assets and a reliable caregiver who can absorb expenses, a simple letter of instruction and a designation in a will might be adequate. However, even in such situations, documenting the arrangement and naming a backup caregiver can help prevent confusion. It is important to recognize that informal plans offer less financial protection and less legal enforcement than a trust should disputes or funding needs arise.
When there is a clear, documented agreement with a family member who is both willing and able to provide long-term care, less formal planning may be appropriate. In those cases, the owner should still provide written instructions, vet contact information, medical records, and an estimated budget so the caregiver understands the pet’s needs. Including a backup plan and discussing financial arrangements ahead of time helps reduce later uncertainty. Even with strong personal commitments, considering a legal framework can protect the caregiver and the pet by clarifying expectations and access to funds.
Comprehensive legal planning becomes important when pets have ongoing medical needs, behavioral issues, or special dietary and environmental needs that require sustained funding and oversight. A detailed trust can specify the level of care, set aside appropriate funds, and provide mechanisms for accountability, reducing the risk that the owner’s intentions will not be followed. In these situations, a trust also allows the appointment of a trustee who can manage funds responsibly and authorize necessary medical or specialized care without delays that could arise from probate or informal arrangements.
When a pet will require a significant ongoing financial commitment, a comprehensive approach helps ensure that sufficient resources are dedicated and managed over time. A trust can outline allowable expenses, frequency of distributions, and reporting requirements for the trustee. This structure protects the assets intended for the pet and reduces the potential for misuse. Owners who want to leave substantial funds for their companion animals benefit from formal documentation that guides the trustee and caregiver, ensuring the resources are preserved and applied as envisioned by the owner.
A comprehensive pet trust combines legal clarity with financial safeguards, reducing ambiguity for caregivers and trustees. It provides a clear avenue for funds to be used promptly, instructions for medical decisions, and a structure for managing long-term care. This arrangement can prevent family disputes by laying out expectations in advance and by naming decision-makers. With a written plan, owners can feel confident that day-to-day routines and unforeseen healthcare needs will be addressed according to their preferences, while monitoring and accountability measures help ensure funds are used appropriately.
Another benefit is that a trust can address contingencies and provide guidance for complex situations such as relocation of the caregiver, multiple pets, or pets with special considerations. The trust can name successors, establish rehoming criteria, and require periodic accounting to maintain transparency. This level of detail helps guide caregivers and trustees during emotionally difficult transitions and reduces the likelihood of litigation over care decisions or funding. For owners wanting to leave lasting provisions, a pet trust offers a reliable mechanism to protect their animals’ welfare over time.
A major advantage of a comprehensive trust is the ongoing financial framework it establishes. Funds held in trust can be earmarked for routine care, emergency treatments, and long-term needs, and the trustee can manage distributions to align with the pet’s lifecycle. Having a financial manager separate from the caregiver reduces the burden on the person providing daily care and increases the likelihood that resources are preserved for their intended purpose. This arrangement also provides a record of expenditures, which can be important for transparency and ease of administration.
Detailed instructions within a trust give caregivers and trustees a clear roadmap for decision-making, covering medical care, preferred veterinarians, living arrangements, and special routines. Because pet trusts are legally recognized in California, they provide enforceable directions that reduce ambiguity and help ensure the owner’s intentions are respected. This legal clarity can prevent misunderstandings and provide a mechanism for resolving disputes if disagreements arise. It also helps ensure continuity of care by identifying successors and specifying how funds should be used when unforeseen circumstances occur.
Selecting the right caregiver and trustee is a critical step in creating a pet trust. Look for a caregiver who understands your pet’s daily needs and who can provide a stable environment. The trustee should be able to manage funds responsibly and coordinate with the caregiver on expenses and emergencies. Discuss expectations with potential designees so they understand the commitment involved. Naming successors and explaining how distributions will be handled reduces the chance of future disputes and ensures a smoother transfer of responsibilities when the time comes.
Estimate the annual and lifetime costs for your pet, including routine care, emergency medical needs, and potential long-term treatments. Decide on a funding source such as savings, a payable-on-death account, or a transfer into a trust vehicle, and make arrangements so the trustee has timely access to funds. Establish a reasonable budget in the trust terms to guide distributions. Periodically review and update funding as your pet’s needs change or as financial circumstances evolve to ensure the plan remains effective over time.
Owners consider pet trusts when they want to ensure continuity of care and dedicated funding for their animals after incapacity or death. Unlike informal agreements, a trust creates a legal framework for assigning funds, choosing caregivers, and specifying care standards. This reduces uncertainty and helps protect pets from being adopted out or placed in shelters when no clear plan exists. Pet trusts also allow owners to detail health and lifestyle preferences, set up oversight mechanisms, and appoint successors, all of which help ensure that animals are cared for in the manner the owner intended.
Another reason to use a pet trust is to relieve emotional and financial pressure on loved ones who may be called upon to provide care. With a trustee managing finances, the caregiver can focus on the animal’s wellbeing rather than on handling payments or long-term budgeting. A trust can provide reimbursement for expenses and specify how remaining funds should be handled after the pet’s death. For owners who want to leave clear, enforceable directions and financial support for their animals, a pet trust is a structured and reliable planning tool.
Circumstances that often prompt pet owners to create a trust include advanced age, chronic health conditions, complex family dynamics, or pets with ongoing medical needs. Owners who travel frequently, have limited family nearby, or who own multiple animals may also prioritize a pet trust. Additionally, individuals with significant assets who wish to allocate funds specifically for pet care find trusts useful to prevent commingling with other estate distributions. In any case where long-term care, clear instructions, and financial provisioning are priorities, a pet trust can provide a tailored solution.
When an owner faces the possibility of incapacity due to illness or injury, planning ahead with a pet trust ensures that care continues uninterrupted. The trust can specify who steps in to care for the pet, authorize the trustee to provide funds to the caregiver, and outline medical preferences and routines. Having these instructions documented reduces stress for family members and medical decision-makers during an already difficult time, and it helps preserve the pet’s established environment and relationships whenever possible.
Owners without immediate family or with distant relatives often use a pet trust to ensure a vetted caregiver will take responsibility for their animals. The trust can specify the desired type of home, whether the pet should live indoors or outdoors, and how to handle introductions to a new caregiver. Naming both a primary and alternate caregiver increases the likelihood that the pet will be placed into a suitable environment, and funding the trust helps cover the costs of any transition and long-term care requirements.
Pets that require specialized medical treatment, frequent vet visits, or behavioral support benefit from a formal plan that guarantees funds and oversight. A pet trust allows owners to allocate resources specifically for ongoing therapies, medications, or accommodations, and it can direct the trustee to authorize payments for professional services. Providing detailed medical histories, current treatment plans, and veterinarian contact information helps the caregiver and trustee make informed decisions that align with the owner’s expectations for the animal’s welfare.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serve clients across California, including Tuolumne City residents seeking pet trust planning. We assist with drafting enforceable trust documents, coordinating funding, and integrating pet trusts with broader estate plans like revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, and powers of attorney. Our goal is to help clients create clear, workable arrangements that reflect their priorities for animal care and that provide practical solutions for caregivers and trustees. We guide clients through decision points and administrative steps to establish durable plans for their pets’ futures.
Clients rely on our firm for thoughtful estate planning that addresses each family’s unique circumstances, including the needs of companion animals. We focus on drafting documents that are clear, legally sound, and coordinated with clients’ overall estate plans. Our process includes careful consideration of funding strategies, caregiver selection, and successor arrangements to ensure the plan will operate as intended when needed. We aim to provide peace of mind by creating practical, enforceable documents that relieve uncertainty for caregivers and family members.
Our approach involves listening to clients about their animals’ routines, medical histories, and lifestyle needs in order to tailor trust provisions that match those realities. We also advise on funding options and administrative procedures to help ensure the trustee can act promptly when care is required. By addressing both legal form and practical logistics, we help clients create a durable plan that supports continuity of care and responsible stewardship of assets dedicated to pets.
When clients work with our office they receive written documents that can be reviewed and updated as circumstances change. We explain the roles and responsibilities of trustees and caregivers, outline options for oversight and accountability, and coordinate the pet trust with other estate planning instruments like advance health care directives and powers of attorney. This coordination helps ensure funds and instructions are accessible without unnecessary delay, while honoring the owner’s wishes for their animals.
The legal process begins with a consultation to review the pet’s needs and the owner’s objectives, then moves to drafting a tailored trust document and related estate planning instruments. We coordinate funding strategies and advise on practical matters like caregiver selection and successor appointments. After finalizing documents, we assist with signing and any transfers necessary to fund the trust. We also review and update plans as life changes occur, helping clients maintain a current, functional arrangement for their pets over time.
During the initial meeting we gather information about the pet or pets, financial resources intended to support them, and preferences for day-to-day care and medical decisions. This session identifies appropriate caregiver and trustee candidates, discusses funding methods, and clarifies how the trust should integrate with other estate planning documents. We use this information to draft a trust that reflects realistic costs and practical caregiving arrangements, ensuring the plan is tailored to your circumstances and is ready to be funded in the next steps.
We document detailed care instructions including diet, medications, exercise routines, and veterinarian contacts. This information helps generate precise trust language so caregivers understand daily expectations. We also discuss end-of-life preferences and any behavioral or special care requirements. Recording these details reduces the likelihood of misunderstandings and helps the trustee allocate funds appropriately. A clear and detailed record supports continuity of care if the caregiver or trustee must rely on the owner’s written instructions.
We evaluate the owner’s assets and recommend funding methods to ensure the trust has adequate resources, discussing liquid accounts, payable-on-death designations, and transfers into trust. We also advise on choosing a trustee who will manage funds responsibly and coordinate with the caregiver. This stage includes estimating anticipated costs to set realistic distribution rules and budgeting language for the trust, which establishes the financial framework for long-term pet care and ensures the owner’s intent is supported by available resources.
After the planning meeting we prepare a draft of the pet trust and any companion documents needed, such as updates to a revocable living trust, pour-over will, or powers of attorney. The draft incorporates the specific care instructions, funding mechanisms, and successor provisions discussed earlier. We review the language with the client to confirm everything matches their intentions, then revise as needed. Clear drafting at this stage reduces ambiguities and helps the trustee and caregiver implement the plan without confusion.
The trust document sets out the pet identification, caregiver and trustee appointments, authorized uses of funds, and procedures for distributions and accounting. It also addresses what happens to remaining funds after the pet dies, names successors, and outlines any oversight mechanisms. We ensure the trust contains enforceable language under California law and that it coordinates with existing estate planning instruments so that assets designated for the pet are accessible and managed according to the owner’s wishes.
We examine related documents such as revocable living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and advance health care directives to make certain they align with the pet trust. This review helps avoid conflicts and ensures funding and beneficiary designations are consistent. We recommend any necessary amendments, assist with execution formalities, and provide guidance on how to communicate the plan to named caregivers and trustees to promote a smooth transition when the plan becomes active.
Funding is a critical step that makes the trust operational. We help clients identify accounts and assets that should be transferred or designated to the trust, assist with beneficiary designations where appropriate, and recommend documentation to support caregiver access to funds when needed. We also provide instructions for maintaining records and reviewing the trust periodically. Taking these steps ensures the trustee has the resources required to follow the owner’s instructions and that caregivers can provide consistent, well-supported care.
We advise on practical funding techniques such as transferring cash into the trust, designating accounts payable to the trust, or using instruments like a general assignment of assets to trust. Each option has different administrative implications, so we discuss the pros and cons and help implement the chosen approach. Proper funding ensures the trustee can access resources quickly for veterinary care, boarding, or other expenses, minimizing delays that could affect the pet’s welfare.
We encourage clients to inform caregivers and trustees about the existence and location of trust documents, and to provide copies of essential information like veterinary records and contact details. Regular reviews of the trust are recommended to accommodate changes in the pet’s needs, caregiver circumstances, or the owner’s financial situation. Periodic updates help ensure the plan remains functional and that funding and instructions remain aligned with current realities, thereby preserving the intended level of care for the animal.
A pet trust is a legal arrangement created to provide for the care and financial support of one or more companion animals. It names a trustee to manage funds and a caregiver to provide daily care, and it specifies how trust assets should be used for food, veterinary services, grooming, boarding, and other necessary expenses. In California, pet trusts can be established within a broader estate plan or as standalone documents, and when drafted with clear terms they offer a mechanism to ensure your pets receive ongoing support according to your directions. The trust operates by granting the trustee authority to make distributions for the pet’s benefit as outlined in the document. The trustee coordinates with the caregiver to fund routine and emergency needs while maintaining records of expenditures. Including successor designations, oversight provisions, and instructions for the pet’s medical care helps the trustee and caregiver act consistently with your wishes. Proper funding and coordination with other estate planning documents are key to effective operation.
Choosing a caregiver starts with identifying someone who understands your pet’s temperament, medical needs, and daily routine, and who is willing to assume responsibility. Consider proximity, lifestyle compatibility, and the caregiver’s ability to provide a stable home and to follow any special instructions. It is also important to have an honest conversation about financial arrangements so the caregiver knows whether they will receive reimbursement from the trust and how to access funds when needed. A trustee should be someone who will responsibly manage funds and coordinate with the caregiver, keeping accurate records of distributions. This person may be a trusted friend, family member, or a professional fiduciary, depending on the level of financial complexity. Naming successor caregivers and trustees provides continuity if the initially selected individuals cannot serve. Discussing roles in advance reduces uncertainty and helps ensure a smooth transition when responsibilities arise.
Estimating how much to fund a pet trust depends on the animal’s expected lifetime needs, typical annual costs, and potential emergency medical expenses. Consider routine items such as food, vaccinations, preventative care, and grooming, as well as higher-cost events like surgeries or chronic condition treatments. Research average annual costs for your pet’s breed and health profile, then multiply by a reasonable estimate of remaining years to form a baseline funding amount. It is advisable to include a margin for inflation and unexpected medical needs. Discussing funding with your attorney helps match the trust’s distributions to realistic expense scenarios and the owner’s available resources. Options include transferring cash into the trust, designating accounts payable to the trust, or specifying that a portion of an estate be allocated to pet care. Setting clear distribution rules and oversight requirements ensures funds are used as intended while allowing the trustee flexibility to address unforeseen circumstances.
A pet trust can cover multiple animals and remain in effect for as long as necessary to care for them during their natural lifetimes. The trust should identify each covered animal and provide guidance on how funds are to be apportioned among them if multiple pets are included. Owners can set priorities for care, specify whether funds should be pooled or allocated separately, and outline arrangements for rehoming or distributing funds when animals pass away. When including multiple pets, plan for scenarios where one pet survives others, or when new animals enter the household. Naming alternate caregivers and detailing how remaining funds will be handled helps avoid disputes and confusion. Clear language regarding duration and successor provisions provides a framework for long-term care and funds management so the trustee and caregiver can act consistently with the owner’s intentions.
Trust documents typically include provisions specifying what should happen to remaining funds after the pet or pets die. Common options include distributing leftover assets to a named beneficiary, donating to an animal welfare organization, or returning funds to the owner’s estate. The trust should clearly state the owner’s preference and any conditional uses for remaining funds so the trustee can act accordingly without ambiguity. It is important to choose beneficiaries or organizations carefully and to include alternative plans if the primary beneficiary predeceases the pet or is otherwise unable to receive the funds. Providing explicit instructions reduces the likelihood of disputes and helps ensure that remaining assets are handled in a manner consistent with your values and intentions.
Yes, pet trusts are recognized and enforceable under California law when drafted with clear terms and proper formalities. The state allows owners to create trusts for the care of their companion animals and provides a legal framework for trustees to manage funds designated for that purpose. Including precise language about the trustee’s duties, caregiver roles, and funding mechanisms helps ensure the trust will be interpreted and enforced as intended. Because laws and case interpretations can evolve, it is advisable to work with legal counsel to draft a trust tailored to California statutes and to review the document periodically. Clear drafting and appropriate funding increase the likelihood that the trust will function smoothly and withstand potential challenges, protecting the pet’s wellbeing over time.
Funding a pet trust can be accomplished in ways that align with your broader estate plan. Options include transferring liquid assets into the trust during your lifetime, naming the trust as a beneficiary of certain accounts, or using a payable-on-death designation to simplify access for the trustee. Coordination with your overall estate plan helps avoid conflicts and ensures resources intended for the pet are available when needed without unintended consequences for other beneficiaries. Careful planning addresses tax considerations, timing of transfers, and the mechanics of account designation. Working with legal counsel helps select methods that satisfy your objective to provide for your pet while maintaining the desired structure of your estate. Periodic reviews of funding arrangements ensure they remain effective as financial situations and laws change.
Yes, many pet trusts can be changed or revoked depending on how they were set up, such as whether they are revocable living trusts or irrevocable trusts. A revocable pet trust allows the owner to modify terms, change beneficiaries, or adjust funding during their lifetime, providing flexibility to respond to changing circumstances. Irrevocable trusts generally have more limited options for modification and may be used in certain financial planning scenarios where permanence is desired. If you anticipate changes, discuss revocability and amendment procedures with your attorney when drafting the trust. Even when a trust is revocable, it is wise to review and update documents periodically to reflect changes in caregivers, trustees, funding, or the pet’s needs, ensuring the plan remains current and effective.
If the chosen caregiver cannot serve, the trust should name successor caregivers and provide instructions for transition. The trustee will typically be responsible for contacting the successor, transferring custody, and authorizing expenditures to cover relocation or transition costs. Including detailed successor provisions in the trust helps prevent gaps in care and provides a predictable process for transferring responsibility to a new caregiver. Owners should also consider naming multiple alternates and giving the trustee discretion to select an appropriate replacement if necessary. Communicating preferences and providing records such as veterinarian contacts, medical histories, and daily routines helps successors assume care smoothly and maintain the pet’s established standards of care.
Ensuring funds are used properly involves drafting clear distribution rules, naming a trustee with fiduciary responsibilities, and including oversight measures such as periodic accounting or a requirement for receipts. The trustee’s role is to manage funds prudently and make distributions for expenses that benefit the pet in accordance with the trust’s terms. Clear language about allowable expenses and reporting obligations helps the trustee fulfill these duties responsibly. Owners may also designate a monitor or require periodic reporting to a trusted individual who can review the trustee’s actions without interfering with day-to-day care. Providing a realistic budget and guidance on expenditures reduces the potential for disputes and increases the likelihood that funds will be applied as intended for the pet’s welfare.
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