An Advance Health Care Directive helps you state your medical preferences and appoint someone to make health decisions if you cannot. In Piru and the surrounding areas, having this document in place ensures your wishes are known and that a trusted person can act on your behalf. The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman assists clients with drafting clear, legally sound directives suited to California laws. This guide explains what an Advance Health Care Directive covers, why people in Ventura County choose to prepare one, and how it interacts with other estate planning documents such as powers of attorney, living trusts, and wills.
Preparing an Advance Health Care Directive is about planning for unexpected medical situations and keeping control over health decisions. The document lets you name a health care agent, describe treatment preferences, and outline comfort care or life-sustaining treatment choices. In many families, creating a directive reduces confusion and conflict during stressful times by communicating your choices ahead of need. This page covers practical steps for creating a directive in Piru, including common provisions, how documents are executed in California, how to store them, and how they relate to hospital policies and HIPAA authorizations.
An Advance Health Care Directive provides clear direction to medical providers and loved ones about your preferences and appoints a decision maker when you cannot speak. The benefits include reduced family stress, faster medical decision making, and legal clarity for providers treating you in Ventura County. It can help avoid disputes over treatment choices and ensure your values guide care choices in critical moments. The document can also incorporate HIPAA authorizations so designated agents can access your health information, making it easier for them to coordinate care, discuss options with providers, and follow your stated wishes.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman in San Jose and serving Piru and Ventura County helps individuals prepare comprehensive estate planning portfolios that include Advance Health Care Directives. Our approach focuses on listening to clients, explaining California-specific requirements, and drafting clear language that captures each person’s values and preferences. We work to integrate directives with living trusts, powers of attorney, HIPAA releases, and other documents so that plans function smoothly. Clients receive practical guidance on naming agents, defining treatment preferences, and maintaining documents so they are effective when they are needed most.
An Advance Health Care Directive is a legal document that records your wishes about medical treatment and designates an agent to make health care decisions for you if you become incapacitated. In California, directives generally include instructions about life-sustaining treatment, organ donation, and preferences for pain management and comfort care, plus a HIPAA authorization if desired. A well-drafted directive complements other estate planning documents, ensuring that medical authority and financial authority are assigned appropriately. Preparing a directive requires careful consideration of values and outcomes so that chosen language reflects likely scenarios and provides practical guidance to healthcare providers and loved ones.
The process for creating an Advance Health Care Directive involves choosing an agent, describing preferences for treatments such as resuscitation or mechanical ventilation, and signing the document according to California formalities. While California law allows flexibility in how directives are written, clarity reduces ambiguity at critical moments. Once executed, the directive should be shared with family, primary care providers, and the named agent. It is also useful to keep a copy with other estate planning documents such as a living trust, power of attorney, or HIPAA authorization, and to periodically review and update it to reflect changing health conditions or personal wishes.
An Advance Health Care Directive is a written legal statement that communicates your healthcare preferences and empowers a designated agent to make medical decisions if you cannot. It differs from a medical order because it is not itself a physician’s instruction, but it guides providers and surrogates. The directive often includes choices about life-prolonging treatment, comfort measures, pain management, and organ donation, as well as a HIPAA release to give your agent access to medical information. Clarity in wording is important so that decision makers can apply your preferences to real clinical situations and avoid disputes among family members and care teams.
A typical Advance Health Care Directive includes identification of the principal, designation of a health care agent and one or more alternates, written instructions about treatment preferences, and any limitations or special considerations. The process to create a valid directive in California entails drafting the document, signing it in the presence of required witnesses or a notary, and distributing copies to your agent, family members, and healthcare providers. It is also recommended to provide a concise summary to keep with your medical records. Regular review is advisable so the document continues to reflect your values and current relationships.
Understanding key terms helps you make informed choices when preparing an Advance Health Care Directive. Terms include agent, principal, incapacity, life-sustaining treatment, Do Not Resuscitate (DNR), and HIPAA authorization. Knowing what each term means clarifies your options and how they will be applied in a hospital or long-term care setting. This glossary explains those phrases in plain language, helping you communicate your intentions clearly and ensuring your designated agent understands the scope of authority. Proper terminology also aids in coordinating the directive with other estate planning documents.
An agent is the person you name to make health care decisions on your behalf if you are unable to do so. This role involves consulting with medical providers, reviewing treatment options, and ensuring the care delivered aligns with your stated preferences. When choosing an agent, consider trustworthiness, ability to handle medical conversations, and willingness to act under pressure. You may name alternates in case your first choice is unavailable. It is important to have detailed conversations with the person you choose so they understand your values, desired outcomes, and limits regarding interventions and life-sustaining measures.
A HIPAA authorization allows your health care agent or other designated persons to access medical records and discuss your care with providers. Without this release, privacy rules can prevent family members or agents from obtaining necessary information. Including a HIPAA authorization within or alongside the directive streamlines communication and allows the agent to make informed decisions. The authorization should be clear about who can receive information and any limitations on disclosure. Providing copies of the authorization to hospitals and clinics minimizes delays in obtaining records and coordinating treatment decisions.
The principal is the individual who creates the Advance Health Care Directive and whose medical decisions are governed by it. As principal, you set the parameters for decision making, name an agent, and specify treatment preferences. You may include instructions about organ donation, pain management, or whether to pursue life-prolonging interventions under certain circumstances. It is important for the principal to regularly review the directive to ensure it reflects current wishes and to communicate any changes to the named agent and close family members so everyone understands the intended approach to care.
Life-sustaining treatment refers to medical interventions that support or replace essential bodily functions, such as mechanical ventilation, dialysis, or artificial nutrition and hydration. When drafting a directive, you can state whether you would want these measures under certain conditions, such as permanent unconsciousness or terminal illness. Clear descriptions of what you consider acceptable or unacceptable help guide decisions and reduce ambiguity for your agent and clinicians. Discussing these options with medical professionals and your agent beforehand can help ensure the language you include is practical and applicable in real clinical scenarios.
Advance Health Care Directives are one of several tools for managing future medical decisions and should be compared to alternatives like DO NOT RESUSCITATE orders, physician orders for life-sustaining treatment, and informal family agreements. Directives are flexible and portable, allowing you to name an agent and set general preferences, while medical orders like DNRs are immediate clinical instructions used in healthcare settings. Combining a directive with a HIPAA release and relevant medical orders often provides the best balance between planning and clinical applicability. Choosing the right combination depends on your health status, personal values, and the level of detail you want to provide.
A limited approach to an Advance Health Care Directive can be appropriate when medical concerns are temporary or when you want to address a specific situation, such as recovery from surgery or a foreseeable short-term procedure. In such cases, brief instructions focused on the scenario and a temporary agent designation may be sufficient to guide providers and family. This targeted document avoids unnecessary complexity while capturing the essential decisions for the anticipated event. It is still important to ensure the language is clear and that the temporary agent understands the scope and timeframe of the authority granted.
A person may prefer a limited directive if they only want to address a small subset of treatments, like resuscitation or mechanical ventilation, without creating broad authority over all medical decisions. This approach can reduce the burden on the agent and simplify implementation because it articulates specific do and don’t instructions. Even with a narrow focus, the document should be written so medical staff can easily interpret it and so the agent knows when to apply those instructions. Providing a HIPAA authorization and sharing the directive with providers ensures it will be considered when decisions arise.
Individuals with complex or chronic health conditions often benefit from a comprehensive directive paired with other estate planning documents to address long-term needs. A broader plan can integrate medical preferences with financial decision-making, guardianship nominations, and trust arrangements to ensure continuity of care. This prevents gaps between medical authority and financial authority, which can slow access to resources for healthcare. Proactive planning also allows for instructions on care goals, palliative approaches, and transition plans for long-term services, ensuring the individual’s values guide decisions over time.
A comprehensive approach can be important when family dynamics may lead to disagreements or when multiple relatives might challenge decisions. Detailed directives that clearly articulate treatment preferences and designate alternates help reduce uncertainty and conflict. Integrating the directive with conversations facilitated by the planner and distribution of written instructions to relevant providers improves communication. This reduces the likelihood of disputes at stressful moments and promotes smoother decision-making that aligns with the principal’s wishes while preserving family relationships as much as possible.
A coordinated approach ensures that your medical preferences, appointive authorities, and supporting documents all work together. When the directive is drafted alongside a durable power of attorney, living trust, HIPAA authorization, and other estate planning instruments, there is less risk of administrative friction. Coordinated documents streamline access to medical records, simplify administrative tasks for appointed agents, and reduce the chance of contradictory instructions. This integrated planning offers peace of mind that medical and financial decisions can be made in harmony with your intentions when you are not able to participate.
Another benefit of a comprehensive strategy is the clarity it provides to both loved ones and health care providers, which can reduce delays in treatment and avoid unnecessary legal involvement. Comprehensive planning anticipates common scenarios and includes contingency instructions and alternates for agent roles. The result is a smoother transition of responsibility to trusted individuals, better coordination with healthcare teams, and documentation that supports quick recognition of your wishes by hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities serving Piru and Ventura County residents.
When an Advance Health Care Directive is clear and complemented by supporting documents, families are less likely to face confusion or disagreement during critical moments. A named agent with access to medical records and written instructions can act swiftly, reducing delays and emotional strain. This clarity helps healthcare teams implement care aligned with the principal’s values, and helps family members focus on supporting each other. By outlining preferences and appointing alternates, comprehensive plans minimize the risk of disputes and foster collaborative decision-making during stressful medical events.
Comprehensive directives increase readiness for unexpected medical situations by ensuring all necessary paperwork is executed, accessible, and understood. Including HIPAA authorizations and informing providers ahead of time prevents privacy rules from delaying care. Having the directive coordinated with powers of attorney and trust documents ensures that agents can also handle logistical and financial matters that intersect with medical decisions. This practical readiness reduces administrative hurdles during emergencies and enables trusted individuals to act in your best interest without needing court intervention or time-consuming verification processes.
Selecting the right health care agent means picking someone who understands your values and can make tough decisions under pressure. Discuss your treatment preferences, religious or cultural considerations, and desired quality-of-life outcomes with this individual ahead of time. Make sure the person is willing to act, can communicate with medical staff, and knows where your directive and related documents are stored. Naming alternate agents can provide backup if your first choice becomes unavailable, and informing family members helps avoid surprises or disputes during a medical crisis.
Store your Advance Health Care Directive where your agent and family can access it quickly, and provide copies to your primary care physician and any specialists. Include a HIPAA authorization so your agent can obtain medical records if needed. Periodically review and update your directive after major life events, health changes, or relationship shifts. Confirm that hospitals, clinics, and care facilities have a copy or know how to reach your agent. Regular reviews and thoughtful distribution prevent delays when medical decisions must be made.
An Advance Health Care Directive offers peace of mind by ensuring your medical wishes are recorded and can be followed if you are unable to communicate. People choose to prepare directives to avoid placing the decision burden on loved ones, to keep control over medical choices, and to ensure timely access to information and providers. Having a directive can also prevent the need for court-appointed guardianship, which can be time-consuming and public. It serves as a clear record of your preferences, helping providers and family members make decisions consistent with your values.
Advance Health Care Directives are important for individuals at any stage of life, not only those with serious illnesses. Accidents, sudden medical events, or unexpected declines in capacity can make advance planning essential. Preparing a directive also enables you to appoint an agent who knows your wishes and to set boundaries on certain interventions. Coordinating the directive with a HIPAA authorization, power of attorney, and other estate documents ensures that both medical and practical needs are addressed, giving you and your family a clear plan when the need arises.
Advance Health Care Directives are commonly used when individuals face major surgery, chronic progressive illnesses, or advanced age-related medical concerns. They are also important for anyone traveling or engaging in activities with potential risks, as emergencies can occur unexpectedly. Families preparing for long-term care transitions or anticipating decisions about feeding tubes, ventilators, or CPR often rely on directives to ensure choices align with personal values. Directives are similarly valuable for people who wish to appoint a trusted agent to advocate for their wishes in the event of sudden incapacitation.
Before major surgery or invasive medical treatments, creating an Advance Health Care Directive ensures that your preferences are documented in case complications impair your decision-making capacity. The directive clarifies tolerance for certain interventions, resuscitation preferences, and pain management choices, helping your agent and care team follow your wishes without delay. Discussing these preferences with your surgical team and agent ahead of time also allows for medical context to be considered and for your agent to be prepared to act if unexpected complications arise during or after the procedure.
When managing chronic or progressive illnesses, an Advance Health Care Directive documents your long-term goals for care, such as when to prioritize comfort over aggressive treatment. The directive provides guidance about life-sustaining interventions, hospice care, and preferences for how symptom management should be handled. For people with degenerative conditions, updating the directive as the illness evolves ensures that decisions remain consistent with changing realities and values. Clear instructions reduce uncertainty for family members who otherwise may be uncertain about your desired course of treatment.
As people age, an Advance Health Care Directive becomes a central component of long-term care planning, outlining preferences for end-of-life care, comfort measures, and the selection of an agent to coordinate with care facilities. The document helps facilities and clinicians make care decisions that align with the resident’s values and reduces the need for rushed decisions during health crises. Including HIPAA authorizations and sharing the directive with residential care providers improves responsiveness and ensures that the named agent can access medical records and participate in multidisciplinary care planning discussions.
Residents of Piru and Ventura County can receive tailored guidance on Advance Health Care Directives from the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman. We help clients identify suitable agents, draft clear directives consistent with California law, and provide HIPAA authorizations and related documents. Our team explains how directives interact with medical orders, living trusts, and powers of attorney, and offers practical advice on distribution and storage. We also guide clients through updating documents after major life events and ensuring healthcare providers have the necessary copies to honor their wishes.
The Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman provides thoughtful estate planning services for individuals in California, including comprehensive assistance with Advance Health Care Directives. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, attention to state requirements, and coordination with other estate planning documents so that your healthcare instructions function as intended. We help clients craft directives that are understandable to medical professionals and legally effective, explain execution formalities, and advise on practical considerations such as HIPAA releases and document distribution.
Clients receive guidance on choosing the right agent, drafting situation-specific preferences, and integrating the directive into a broader estate plan that includes powers of attorney, revocable living trusts, and wills. We assist in preparing supporting documentation like HIPAA authorizations, Certification of Trust if needed, and related instruments to facilitate access to records and coordination of care. Our process includes reviewing draft language with clients to ensure it aligns with their values and goals, and providing copies for providers and trusted family members.
We also help clients update and maintain their directives over time, providing practical advice for storing and sharing documents, and explaining how directives interact with medical facility policies in Ventura County. Whether you are planning for potential long-term care, addressing current medical concerns, or simply preparing for the future, we work to make the process straightforward and respectful. Our goal is to make sure your medical wishes are documented, accessible, and ready when they are needed most.
Our process begins with a client consultation to understand your medical preferences, family dynamics, and overall estate planning goals. We then draft an Advance Health Care Directive tailored to those priorities and review it with you to ensure clarity and practicality. After execution, we provide guidance on distribution to healthcare providers and family members, add a HIPAA authorization if needed, and explain how the directive interacts with other documents such as powers of attorney and living trusts. We also recommend periodic reviews to keep the directive current.
During the initial meeting, we ask about your health considerations, treatment preferences, and the people you trust to make decisions on your behalf. We gather information about your medical history, relevant family dynamics, and any existing estate planning documents. This helps us craft language that reflects your values and is practical in clinical settings. The meeting also includes education about California execution requirements, witness or notary needs, and how to include a HIPAA authorization to allow your agent access to medical records.
We spend time exploring your preferences for pain management, life-sustaining treatments, and quality of life thresholds. These conversations allow us to translate personal values into specific, actionable language that guides decision makers in clinical situations. Clear guidance helps the agent make choices that align with your wishes and reduces ambiguity in high-pressure moments. We also cover topics like organ donation, palliative care priorities, and preferences for hospice or comfort-focused treatment when appropriate.
Selecting an agent involves weighing trust, communication skills, and availability. We advise clients on naming alternates, laying out the scope of authority, and having candid discussions with chosen agents so they understand expectations. We provide sample language to specify conditions or limitations on the agent’s authority, and we help draft a HIPAA authorization to ensure the agent can access medical records. Preparing the agent includes delivering copies of the directive and discussing likely scenarios they may face while acting on your behalf.
After gathering information, we draft the Advance Health Care Directive tailored to your instructions and applicable California law. The draft includes clear designations of agent and alternates, specific treatment preferences, and any additional instructions such as organ donation or pain control priorities. We then review the document with you, refine language to avoid ambiguity, and ensure it is practical for clinicians to follow. This review stage allows you to make adjustments and to confirm the directive accurately represents your wishes.
Drafting focuses on precise, plain-language terms so medical staff and the agent can understand and apply your instructions. We avoid vague phrases and instead include condition-based guidance that reflects likely clinical scenarios. The document is tailored to suit your comfort with interventions, and to align with other planning documents so authority and responsibilities are coordinated. This stage also identifies whether a HIPAA authorization, Certification of Trust, or other supporting documents should accompany the directive.
During client review, we walk through each provision, answer questions, and clarify how terms might be interpreted in practice. This ensures that the directive’s language is both legally effective and meaningful to your agent and medical providers. We make revisions as needed and recommend discussing key decisions with your chosen agent and family members. Once you approve the draft, we explain execution steps, including witness or notary requirements in California, and provide final copies for distribution to relevant parties.
After finalizing the Advance Health Care Directive, we assist with proper execution, which may include witnesses or a notary depending on preferences. We provide copies and advise where to store the original so it is accessible during emergencies. We also recommend giving a copy to your primary care physician, identified agents, and close family members, and encouraging your agent to keep a readily available copy. Periodic reviews are suggested to update the directive after life changes, health events, or shifts in relationships.
Proper execution ensures the directive will be honored when needed. We explain California requirements for witness signatures or notarization and help arrange for these formalities to be completed. After execution, we advise on labeling final documents and providing certified copies to the agent and healthcare providers. Executing the document correctly reduces the risk of administrative challenges and enhances the likelihood that your stated preferences will be followed in clinical settings.
Once executed, we provide practical guidance on distributing copies, including to hospitals, clinics, primary care physicians, and the named agent. Keeping a record of who has a copy and where the original is stored helps ensure accessibility during emergencies. We recommend periodic reviews after major life events and encourage clients to update documents if health conditions or relationships change. Clear distribution and regular updates help maintain the directive’s effectiveness and reduce planning gaps when medical decisions are needed.
An Advance Health Care Directive is a legal document that records your medical care preferences and appoints a decision maker to speak for you if you are unable. It explains your wishes regarding treatments like resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and artificial nutrition, as well as desires for pain management and comfort care. Including a HIPAA authorization usually allows the agent to access medical records and speak with providers, which is essential for informed decision-making in clinical settings. The directive reduces uncertainty and helps ensure care aligns with your values. Having a directive can prevent lengthy family disputes and delays that sometimes arise when clinicians must determine who has legal authority. It also protects your autonomy by ensuring that decisions follow your directions rather than assumptions. Even if you are generally healthy, accidents and sudden health events make it prudent to have your preferences recorded. The process of creating the document encourages conversations with loved ones and reduces the emotional burden they may face during emergencies.
Choose someone you trust to make personal, informed decisions under pressure and who can communicate effectively with medical providers. Consider their willingness to carry out your instructions, availability, and ability to advocate on your behalf. It is beneficial to select alternates in case your first choice cannot serve at a critical time. Discuss your values and wishes in detail with the person you name so they understand what matters most to you and can act accordingly. Also evaluate whether the person can handle potential family conflicts and whether they are comfortable reviewing medical information and speaking with clinicians. Providing written guidance, including specific treatment preferences and contact information for key family members or advisors, helps prepare them. Updating your choice if relationships or circumstances change ensures that the agent remains a good fit for the role you envision.
When addressing life-sustaining treatments, be clear about your preferences regarding interventions such as mechanical ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dialysis, and artificial nutrition and hydration. Consider describing the health states in which you would or would not want certain measures, for example in the event of irreversible coma or when treatment would only prolong suffering. Balance between detailed instructions and allowing your agent discretion for unanticipated clinical situations to ensure the directive remains applicable. It is helpful to discuss these choices with clinicians to understand medical implications and likely outcomes. Such conversations inform realistic and practical language in the directive that medical teams can follow. Documenting preferences for comfort care and palliative measures provides additional guidance about how you wish to be treated if curative options are no longer appropriate.
A HIPAA authorization grants your health care agent access to your medical records and permits providers to discuss your care with the designated persons. Without this authorization, privacy protections might prevent agents or family members from getting timely information needed to make informed decisions. Including a HIPAA release with the directive streamlines communication between the agent and healthcare professionals and can reduce delays in treatment decisions during urgent situations. The HIPAA authorization should clearly name the individuals who may receive information and specify any limits or duration if you prefer. Providing copies of this authorization to your providers and including it with your directive enhances its practical usefulness and helps ensure that your agent can review health records, speak with clinicians, and act promptly on your wishes when circumstances require.
California allows the use of a signed Advance Health Care Directive, and while notarization is not strictly required for a directive to be valid, certain formats or related documents may call for witnesses or a notary. To reduce the risk of challenges and ensure acceptance by medical providers or institutions, it is common to sign the directive in the presence of required witnesses or a notary as recommended. Our process includes guidance on meeting these formalities and arranging proper execution when needed. Proper execution also involves providing copies to your agent, primary care physician, and relevant medical facilities. Having widely distributed, properly executed copies improves the likelihood that the directive will be honored and that agents can access necessary patient information. We advise clients on the best execution method for their situation and local practices within Ventura County.
To improve the likelihood that hospitals and doctors follow your directive, provide clear instructions, include a HIPAA authorization, and distribute copies to your primary care physician and common care facilities. Inform your named agent and family members about the document’s location and the substance of your wishes so they can advocate effectively. When admitted to a hospital, provide a copy and ensure it is included in your medical chart to notify care teams of your preferences. Additionally, discussing your wishes with your health care providers in advance allows them to place appropriate medical orders, such as advance care planning notations, and to advise on how best to document preferences for continuity of care. Maintaining up-to-date and accessible copies reduces confusion and increases the chance that your stated preferences will guide medical decisions.
You can change, amend, or revoke your Advance Health Care Directive at any time as long as you have decision-making capacity. Revisions should be made in writing and executed according to California requirements, and the updated document should be distributed to your agent, family members, and healthcare providers. If you revoke a prior directive, it is helpful to obtain copies of the revocation or to destroy earlier signed copies to avoid confusion in an emergency. Regular reviews, especially after major life events like diagnosis of a new illness or changes in relationships, ensure your directive reflects current wishes. Informing your agent and healthcare providers of changes promptly helps prevent reliance on outdated instructions and ensures the most recent directive guides decisions.
If you do not have an Advance Health Care Directive, state law and medical decision-making hierarchies will guide who can authorize treatment for you if you are incapacitated. Family members may be asked to make decisions without written guidance, which can lead to disagreements or delays. In some cases, courts may need to appoint a guardian to make health care decisions, a process that is time-consuming, public, and potentially stressful for loved ones. Having a directive prevents uncertainty by naming a trusted agent and recording your preferences. Even brief documentation of key wishes and a designated agent can greatly simplify decision-making and reduce the emotional burden on family members during critical medical events.
An Advance Health Care Directive addresses medical decisions and appoints a health care agent, while a living trust and will focus on distributing assets and naming trustees or personal representatives for financial matters. These documents serve different functions but should be coordinated. For example, a power of attorney for finances should align with the directive so that the person making medical choices can also address logistical or financial needs when appropriate, or alternately, a separate agent may be named for financial responsibilities. Coordinating documents avoids gaps where medical authority does not match access to financial resources for paying for care or handling insurance matters. A complete estate plan ensures that both health and financial matters are managed in a manner consistent with your goals and reduces the need for court intervention or fragmented decision-making.
Residents of Piru seeking assistance with an Advance Health Care Directive can contact the Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman to schedule a consultation. We help clients choose agents, draft clear directives and HIPAA authorizations, and coordinate the directive with other estate planning documents like revocable living trusts, powers of attorney, and Pour-Over Wills. Our team also advises on execution formalities, distribution strategies, and periodic review to ensure documents remain current. If you need immediate guidance about a specific medical decision or want to update existing paperwork, call our office at 408-528-2827 to discuss your needs. We provide practical steps to prepare documents that are accessible to medical providers and trusted individuals, helping you put plans in place for health events that may arise.
Criminal Defense
Homicide Defense
Manslaughter
Assault and Battery
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Battery Causing Great Bodily Injury
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Domestic Violence Restraining Order
Arson Defense
Weapons Charges
Illegal Firearm Possessions
Civil Harassment
Civil Harassment Restraining Orders
School Violence Restraining Orders
Violent Crimes Defense
Estate Planning Practice Areas