A Heggstad petition addresses situations where assets intended to be part of a living trust were not properly transferred at the time the trust was created. In Thousand Oaks and Ventura County, these petitions help preserve the settlor’s wishes and keep property aligned with the estate plan. If you discover bank accounts, deeds, retirement accounts, or other assets that remain titled in your name rather than the trust, a Heggstad petition can often be filed in probate court to have those assets treated as trust property. This remedy can avoid unnecessary complications and help ensure successor trustees can manage and distribute assets according to the trust document.
When an asset omission occurs, prompt action reduces administrative burden and the risk of disputes. A Heggstad petition allows the court to recognize that omitted assets were always intended to be governed by the trust, which can help avoid full probate and preserve privacy. In many cases this process involves preparing documentation that shows the settlor’s intent, account histories, deeds or beneficiary designations, and a clear explanation of how the omission occurred. For residents of Thousand Oaks and Ventura County, understanding the petition requirements, timelines, and expected outcomes is important to protect family property and honor the estate plan.
A Heggstad petition can provide a streamlined path to include mistakenly omitted property into a revocable living trust without a protracted probate administration. The primary benefit is maintaining the plan’s intent while limiting court involvement and public disclosure of estate details. For family members or successor trustees, this process can mean quicker access to assets and fewer administrative hurdles. Additionally, resolving omitted assets through a petition reduces the risk of later disputes among heirs or beneficiaries over ownership or distribution. In short, filing a Heggstad petition can restore the intended operation of a comprehensive estate plan and minimize disruption for loved ones during an already emotional time.
Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman serves California clients with a focus on thoughtful estate planning and estate administration matters. Our approach is grounded in careful review of trust documents, asset records, and client goals to identify the best path forward when omissions occur. We are committed to clear communication, practical legal solutions, and guiding families through court filings when necessary. Whether working with Heggstad petitions, trust modifications, or related documents like pour-over wills and certifications of trust, our goal is to restore the settlor’s intentions while minimizing delay and expense for successors and beneficiaries.
A Heggstad petition asks the probate court to treat certain assets as having been part of a trust despite not being formally transferred. Typical scenarios include bank or brokerage accounts left in the settlor’s individual name, real estate where title was never retitled to the trust, or retirement accounts with outdated beneficiary designations. The petition requires evidence demonstrating that the settlor intended the assets to be governed by the trust, such as trust language, correspondence, transaction history, or other documentation. Filing the petition helps align legal title with the settlor’s documented estate plan so that successor trustees can manage and distribute assets according to the trust terms.
While the petition process can be smoother than full probate administration, it still requires careful preparation and attention to California probate rules. The court will review the evidence of intent, the nature of the asset, and whether any parties will be affected by the requested relief. Notice to beneficiaries and interested parties may be required, and sometimes objections must be resolved. For residents of Thousand Oaks, careful documentation and a clear presentation of facts can often result in the court treating omitted property as trust assets, preserving privacy and avoiding the additional expense and delay of probate.
A Heggstad petition is a legal request for the court to declare that certain property should be treated as trust property even though title or formal transfer paperwork was never completed. Fundamentally, the petition asks the court to honor the settlor’s intent and to allow the trust to operate as though the previously omitted property had been conveyed into it. Courts typically evaluate evidence of intent, such as the trust document, related correspondence, account statements, and the circumstances surrounding the omission. The relief granted can place title in the trust, authorize trustee control, and permit distributions according to the trust terms, thereby avoiding a full probate estate for those assets.
A persuasive Heggstad petition includes a clear demonstration of intent, records showing the relationship between the asset and the trust, and proper notice to interested parties. Supporting documentation may include trust excerpts, trust signing acknowledgments, bank and broker statements, deeds, beneficiary forms, and correspondence reflecting the settlor’s plan. The petition must explain how the omission occurred and why treating the asset as trust property aligns with the settlor’s wishes. The process also involves drafting proposed orders for the court, serving required parties, and responding to any objections, with the goal of achieving a court ruling that reclassifies the asset without subjecting it to a full probate estate.
Understanding the terminology used in Heggstad petitions helps clarify the process. Terms commonly encountered include settlor, trustee, successor trustee, trust property, probate, title, and beneficiary designation. Each of these concepts plays a role in how omitted assets are evaluated and whether court relief is appropriate. Knowing what documents to look for and how assets are categorized can streamline the petition process and reduce the time required to resolve omitted property issues. Clear definitions also help family members and trustees communicate effectively and make informed decisions when preparing court filings.
The settlor is the person who created the trust and whose wishes are reflected in the trust document. When filing a Heggstad petition, proof of the settlor’s intent to include certain assets in the trust is central to the court’s decision. Documentation such as signature pages, trust execution certificates, related estate planning letters, and transaction histories can support the claim that the settlor intended the omitted assets to be governed by the trust. Understanding the settlor’s role and intent clarifies why the court might treat property as trust assets even if title was not formally changed.
The trustee is the individual or entity appointed to manage trust assets according to the trust document. When assets are discovered that were intended to be part of the trust but were never transferred, a trustee may seek a Heggstad petition to obtain authority over those assets. The court’s recognition of assets as trust property allows the trustee to step into the role of managing, protecting, and distributing the assets as set out in the trust, providing continuity and ensuring the settlor’s directions are followed without creating unnecessary estate administration.
Trust property refers to any asset that the trust owns and that the trustee manages for the benefit of the beneficiaries. In a Heggstad petition, the legal question is whether a particular asset should be treated as trust property notwithstanding that its title remains in the settlor’s name. Evidence that the asset was intended to belong to the trust, such as funding steps, related account activity, or contemporaneous instructions, can support reclassification. When the court recognizes an asset as trust property, that asset becomes subject to the trust’s management and distribution provisions.
Probate is the court-supervised process for administering an estate when assets are owned in an individual’s name at the time of death. A Heggstad petition seeks to avoid putting omitted assets through the probate process by having the court declare them trust property. Avoiding probate can reduce public exposure of estate details, minimize additional delays, and sometimes reduce cost for beneficiaries. The petition provides a targeted remedy designed to align actual title to assets with the settlor’s testamentary and trust-based arrangements.
When assets are omitted from a trust, there are several legal approaches to consider. A Heggstad petition asks the court to recognize that the omitted property was always intended to be in the trust, which can avoid a full probate estate. Alternatively, assets can be administered through probate if they remain titled to the decedent, which is typically more public and can be more time consuming. In some cases beneficiary designations or transfer-on-death arrangements may still control certain assets, reducing the need for court action. Evaluating the most appropriate route depends on the type of asset, the clarity of evidence showing intent, and the preferences of the family and successor fiduciaries.
A targeted Heggstad petition can be appropriate when only a few assets were omitted or when the items are modest in value and clearly linked to the trust. In those circumstances the court may agree that treating the assets as trust property aligns with the settlor’s intentions and serves the interests of beneficiaries without the need for comprehensive probate. Documentation that ties the asset to the trust—such as related statements, declarations, or contemporaneous instructions—strengthens the case and often results in a quicker resolution that preserves the original estate planning structure.
When evidence clearly shows the settlor intended omitted assets to be governed by the trust, a Heggstad petition is often sufficient. Examples of clear evidence include trust language, beneficiary communications, or transaction records indicating an intent to fund the trust. Courts weigh that evidence along with notice to interested parties. If the facts present a straightforward story that aligns with the trust document, the limited petition route can achieve the desired outcome without involving a full probate estate or prolonged court supervision.
Comprehensive estate administration may be needed when omitted assets are numerous, intertwined with business interests, or involve complex title issues. When ownership is disputed, when beneficiary designations conflict, or when assets cross state lines, a broader approach helps ensure that all matters are resolved consistently and in compliance with legal requirements. In such circumstances, a fuller probate or coordinated legal strategy may be necessary to reconcile titles, address creditor claims, and secure clear authority for distribution. Taking time to evaluate all assets and stakeholders reduces the likelihood of later disputes and ensures property is handled according to governing documents.
If beneficiaries or other parties raise objections about ownership or distribution, a more comprehensive legal approach is often required. Contested matters can involve allegations about capacity, intent, or whether assets were meant for the trust. Resolving these disputes may necessitate discovery, evidentiary hearings, and more robust litigation planning. A well-coordinated response helps protect the interests of the trust and beneficiaries while seeking a resolution that reflects the settlor’s plan. The objective is to achieve a lawful distribution of property while addressing any valid concerns raised by interested parties.
Taking a comprehensive approach to omitted assets promotes clarity and reduces the chance of future disputes. By fully examining asset titles, beneficiary records, and related documentation, you can be confident that property is aligned with the trust’s terms. Thorough handling often prevents later claims and simplifies the trustee’s duties by consolidating assets under the trust structure. For family members and successors, this means less administrative effort over time and clearer lines of authority for managing and distributing property according to the settlor’s plan.
A complete review also ensures compliance with California laws and minimizes surprises for beneficiaries and trustees. Addressing omissions through petitions, deed transfers, or coordinated probate filings reduces the risk that assets will be overlooked or mismanaged. This approach can preserve privacy, limit court exposure, and often result in a more predictable timeline for access to assets. Ultimately, resolving omitted asset issues in a thorough fashion supports smoother administration and gives families greater confidence that the estate plan will be carried out as intended.
A comprehensive review and resolution of omitted assets helps ensure the settlor’s instructions are followed and reduces potential friction among family members. When assets are clearly placed under the trust, beneficiaries are less likely to challenge distributions or raise disputes about ownership. This clarity supports smoother relationships and allows successor trustees to carry out their obligations without repeated interruptions. Addressing potential issues proactively reduces the likelihood of conflicts and protects the estate plan’s integrity for the benefit of all involved parties.
Bringing omitted property under the trust simplifies the trustee’s work by consolidating asset management and centralizing authority. When assets are properly classified, trustees can administer accounts, manage investments, and distribute property under established trust instructions without navigating separate probate proceedings. This streamlining reduces administrative time and expense, and helps ensure that beneficiaries receive distributions more efficiently. Effective resolution of title and ownership questions therefore contributes to more effective estate administration and better protection of the trust assets over time.
Begin by collecting the trust document, execution pages, account statements, deeds, beneficiary forms, and any correspondence that reflects the settlor’s intent. Comprehensive documentation will strengthen a petition and reduce the need for supplemental filings. Organize records chronologically and include any communications that show the settlor’s plan for the property. Early preparation can shorten court timelines and increase the likelihood that the omitted assets will be treated as trust property without prolonged dispute. Good records also assist trustees and beneficiaries in understanding what assets exist and how they were intended to be handled.
Review related estate planning documents such as pour-over wills, beneficiary designations, and powers of attorney to confirm how assets should be handled and whether other legal steps are warranted. Sometimes beneficiary forms or transfer-on-death designations resolve title issues without court action. In more complex cases, coordinating a Heggstad petition with trust modifications or other filings ensures consistent outcomes. Taking a holistic approach to the estate plan reduces the chance of conflicting instructions and helps align all documents to reflect the settlor’s desires.
A Heggstad petition offers a focused legal remedy when assets that should be part of a trust remain titled outside of it. Choosing this route can avoid a full probate administration for those assets, maintain privacy, and allow the trust terms to control distribution. For families who want a prompt and orderly transition of asset control to a successor trustee, the petition is often an efficient method of restoring the settlor’s plan. It is particularly useful when the evidence supporting the settlor’s intent is clear and the number of affected assets is manageable.
Considering this service sooner rather than later reduces practical obstacles and helps prevent disputes from arising. When heirs or beneficiaries understand the rationale and see that records support the trustee’s position, objections are less likely. Timely legal action also helps ensure that assets are properly managed and protected, reduces exposure to creditor claims or mismanagement, and provides peace of mind. In Thousand Oaks and Ventura County, using a Heggstad petition to correct funding oversights is a practical way to uphold the trust’s goals and provide orderly administration for beneficiaries.
Omitted assets often arise from simple oversights, changes in account ownership procedures, or the use of new financial instruments that were never retitled. Common circumstances include real estate left in the settlor’s name, bank and brokerage accounts that were intended for the trust, outdated beneficiary designations on retirement accounts, and assets received after the trust was created. Life events such as moves, changes in marital status, or new acquisitions can result in inconsistent titling. Identifying these situations quickly and taking appropriate legal action helps preserve the trust’s operation and prevents later complications for family members.
Real estate is frequently overlooked when funding a trust, leaving property titled in the settlor’s name. When deeds remain unchanged, successor trustees may encounter obstacles to selling or managing the property under trust terms. A Heggstad petition can persuade the court to treat the real estate as trust property when sufficient evidence shows the settlor intended that result. The petition process may involve reviewing deed history, trust language, and transaction records to demonstrate intent and to secure court authorization for the trustee to act with respect to the property.
Bank and investment accounts often remain titled to the settlor because financial institutions may require specific forms or signatures to retitle accounts. When these accounts were intended for the trust but never transferred, the trustee may need a Heggstad petition to gain control. Supporting records may include account statements, transfer instructions, correspondence with the institution, and trust documents showing the intended arrangement. Successfully resolving account ownership through court recognition streamlines management and distribution consistent with the trust’s directions.
Retirement accounts or life insurance policies with outdated beneficiary designations can create conflicts with a trust plan. If the settlor intended the trust to be the primary recipient but never updated the beneficiary form, the asset may pass outside the trust. A Heggstad petition may be part of the solution when combined with a review of plan documents and communications evidencing the settlor’s intent. Resolving such discrepancies helps ensure that distributions follow the settlor’s plan and that assets are coordinated with the trust structure where appropriate.
Residents of Thousand Oaks and the surrounding Ventura County area can rely on local knowledge and practical support when addressing omitted trust assets. Our office provides guidance on gathering necessary documents, preparing the petition, and managing court requirements so that omitted property can be treated consistently with the trust terms. We prioritize clear communication, timely filings, and coordination with successor trustees and beneficiaries to resolve issues efficiently. If you suspect assets were omitted from a revocable living trust, taking action now can reduce complications and help preserve the settlor’s intended estate plan.
Law Offices of Robert P. Bergman brings a practical, client-focused approach to resolving omitted asset issues and preparing Heggstad petitions in California. Our work emphasizes careful documentation, thoughtful legal strategy, and responsive communication with clients and interested parties. We help clients assemble evidence of intent, prepare the court filings, and manage notice and procedural requirements so the process proceeds smoothly. For families in Thousand Oaks and Ventura County, our goal is to reduce uncertainty and secure an outcome that reflects the settlor’s wishes while minimizing time and expense.
We assist with a range of related estate planning documents, including revocable living trusts, pour-over wills, certifications of trust, and trust modification petitions. That familiarity with the broader estate planning landscape allows us to coordinate filings effectively and identify alternatives when appropriate. Our approach is to evaluate each case on its facts, advise on likely outcomes, and pursue the most efficient path to resolve omitted asset issues in a way that protects the interests of trustees and beneficiaries.
Clients benefit from a focus on practical results and clear guidance through the court process. We emphasize early documentation, proactive communication with affected parties, and careful drafting of petition materials. Whether the matter involves a single bank account or multiple asset classes, our objective is to achieve a legally sound resolution that maintains the integrity of the trust and offers beneficiaries a predictable path forward.
Our process begins with a thorough intake to identify the omitted assets, collect supporting documents, and determine interested parties. We then assess whether a Heggstad petition is the appropriate remedy or whether alternative steps might resolve the issue. If proceeding with a petition, we prepare a clear factual narrative, assemble evidence of intent, draft the petition and proposed order, and manage required service and filings. Throughout the process we keep clients informed about timing, likely outcomes, and any potential challenges so that trustees and beneficiaries understand next steps and consequences.
The initial stage involves reviewing trust documents, account statements, deeds, beneficiary designations, and any communications that reflect the settlor’s plans. We identify which assets may require court action and determine the necessary proof to support a petition. This step also includes compiling a list of interested parties who must receive notice and preparing documentation that explains how the omission occurred and why treatment as trust property is appropriate. A strong factual record at the outset can help streamline court proceedings.
We work closely with clients to identify each asset that appears to have been omitted and to locate records that link the asset to the trust. This includes contacting financial institutions for historical statements, reviewing deeds for real property, and examining retirement plan documents. We also compile a list of beneficiaries, successor trustees, and any other parties who must be notified. Accurate identification of assets and parties at this stage is essential to creating a complete and persuasive petition for the court.
Supporting documents and witness declarations form the backbone of a Heggstad petition. We prepare declarations that explain the circumstances of the omission, gather trust excerpts and signing records, and include any correspondence that reveals the settlor’s intent. These materials help the court understand why the property should be treated as trust assets. Thorough and well-organized documentary support reduces the likelihood of contested hearings and helps present a clear case to the court for the requested relief.
Once documents are collected and the legal strategy is confirmed, we draft the Heggstad petition, prepare proposed orders, and ensure required notices are ready for service. The filing includes a clear description of the disputed assets, the factual background, and the relief requested to have the assets treated as trust property. Proper drafting anticipates potential questions and frames the facts to show the settlor’s intent. We then file the petition with the appropriate probate court in Ventura County and manage any initial administrative matters associated with the filing.
Serving notice to beneficiaries and other interested parties is a required part of the petition process. We prepare and serve the necessary documents in accordance with California probate rules, ensuring that all parties receive adequate information regarding the petition and their opportunity to respond. This transparent approach helps protect the petition’s procedural integrity and reduces the risk of later challenges based on notice defects. Clear communication at this stage often leads to cooperation and timely resolution.
After filing, interested parties may request additional information or raise objections. We handle correspondence, respond to inquiries, and, where appropriate, engage in informal resolution efforts to address concerns. When objections arise, we evaluate their basis and prepare legal arguments and evidence to address contested issues. The objective is to resolve disputes efficiently, whether through agreements that avoid hearing or through focused court briefing and hearings if necessary.
If a hearing is required, we present the petition, supporting declarations, and documentary evidence to the court to show that the omitted assets should be treated as trust property. Following the hearing, the court may issue an order recognizing the assets as trust property and granting authority to the trustee to manage and distribute them under the trust terms. After the order, we assist with implementing the court’s directive by coordinating with financial institutions, updating title records, and ensuring trustees have the documentation they need to carry out their duties.
At any required hearing, presenting a concise and well-documented case is essential. We organize declarations, transaction histories, trust excerpts, and any other relevant evidence to demonstrate the settlor’s intent and explain how the omission occurred. We also prepare legal argument describing why the relief sought is appropriate under California probate law. Effective presentation increases the likelihood that the court will grant recognition of the assets as trust property and issue clear implementing orders for trustees and institutions.
After the court issues an order, clients often need assistance implementing the directive, such as providing certified copies to banks, updating deed records, or changing account registrations. We assist trustees with these practical steps and help ensure institutions accept the court order and update their records accordingly. Proper implementation closes the loop on the Heggstad process and ensures that assets are managed and distributed as the trust directs, allowing trustees to proceed with confidence and beneficiaries to receive their distributions according to the trust terms.
A Heggstad petition is a probate filing that asks the court to treat certain assets as having been part of a trust despite the absence of formal title transfer. It is used when property that was intended to be included in a trust remains in the settlor’s name or otherwise is not reflected as trust property. The petition presents evidence of the settlor’s intent and explains how the omission occurred, asking the court to reclassify the asset as trust property so the trustee can manage and distribute it under the trust’s terms. This remedy is commonly chosen when the evidence of intent is reasonably clear and when the stakeholders prefer to avoid a full probate administration for those assets. The goal is to align legal title with the settlor’s estate plan, preserve privacy where possible, and provide trustees with the authority needed to act on behalf of beneficiaries without undergoing a lengthy probate process.
Timing for a Heggstad petition varies depending on the complexity of the assets, the clarity of documentation, and whether any parties object. In straightforward cases with clear evidence and no objections, the process may proceed within a few months from filing to order. In more complex situations involving contested issues or the need for additional discovery, the process can take significantly longer. Factors that affect timing include court schedules, the need for additional evidence, and the responsiveness of institutions holding the assets. Working proactively to gather documentation and provide complete information to the court and interested parties often reduces delay. Prompt service of notice and open communication with beneficiaries can decrease the likelihood of disputes and speed resolution. Clients who prepare supporting records and coordinate with institutions typically experience a more efficient process.
Courts look for documentation that links the asset to the trust or otherwise demonstrates the settlor’s intent to fund the trust. Persuasive evidence can include trust excerpts showing the settlor’s plan, account statements indicating intent to fund, deeds, correspondence, and declarations that explain the circumstances of the omission. Execution pages, trust signing certificates, and communications with financial institutions that show an intent to transfer are also valuable. The clearer and more contemporaneous the documentation, the stronger the petition. Affidavits or declarations from individuals familiar with the settlor’s intentions can supplement documentary evidence. While hearsay may be scrutinized, detailed records that provide a consistent narrative of the settlor’s plan are particularly helpful. The combination of documentary proof and coherent factual explanation makes it easier for the court to grant the requested relief.
Filing a Heggstad petition does not necessarily force the entire estate into probate. The petition seeks limited relief to have specific assets treated as trust property, which can allow those assets to be managed and distributed under the trust without initiating a full probate administration. The court’s decision focuses on whether the asset should be recognized as part of the trust rather than opening a general probate for all the decedent’s property. However, if the omitted assets are numerous, or if there are competing claims or complex title issues, the court or parties may determine a more comprehensive probate process is appropriate. In many cases the targeted petition is a way to minimize probate involvement and keep administration efficient and private for the affected assets.
California law requires notice to parties who have an interest in the estate or trust, which commonly includes named beneficiaries, successor trustees, and heirs. The specific notice requirements depend on the nature of the petition and the identities of interested parties. Proper notice ensures that affected individuals have the opportunity to object or participate in the proceedings, and it also insulates the petition from procedural challenges based on inadequate service. Preparing an accurate list of interested parties and ensuring service complies with court rules is an essential step in the process. Our practice includes verifying beneficiary lists, identifying potential heirs, and following statutory procedures so that the petition proceeds on a solid procedural foundation and avoids delays due to defective notice.
Yes, beneficiaries or other interested parties can contest a Heggstad petition if they believe the evidence does not support treating the asset as trust property, or if they assert competing claims. Contested matters may involve disputes over intent, capacity, or title. When contests arise, the court will consider the evidence presented by both sides and may require additional discovery or hearings to resolve factual disputes. To reduce the risk of contests, it helps to assemble clear documentation and provide timely notice to interested parties. Where possible, engaging in early communication with beneficiaries and attempting informal resolution can lead to agreements that avoid contested hearings. If a contest is unavoidable, careful preparation and focused legal argument are essential to address the disputed issues before the court.
Costs for preparing and filing a Heggstad petition vary based on case complexity, the amount of documentation required, whether hearings are contested, and attorney time for preparation and court appearances. In straightforward matters with clear records and no objections, costs are generally limited to filing fees and reasonable preparation time. In more complex or contested cases, expenses increase to account for additional discovery, hearings, and litigation tasks. Clients can reduce costs by organizing documents early, identifying all interested parties, and providing complete information at the outset. Transparent fee discussions and a clear plan for handling potential objections help manage expectations and budget for the process. We provide guidance on likely costs and strategies to pursue the most efficient path to resolution.
Alternatives to a Heggstad petition include pursuing administrative transfers with financial institutions, updating beneficiary designations where allowed, executing corrective deeds for real property, or directly pursuing a probate administration if the omitted assets are better handled through that procedure. Some issues can be resolved without court intervention when institutions accept documentary proof that the asset was intended to be held by the trust. Each situation should be evaluated to determine whether a noncourt remedy is viable and cost effective. Coordinating multiple approaches may also be appropriate, for example combining administrative corrections with a limited petition for items that cannot be resolved otherwise. Considering all available paths helps align the chosen remedy with client goals, costs, and the degree of court involvement required to secure clear title and authority for trustees.
Once the court issues an order recognizing omitted property as trust assets, trustees typically provide certified copies of the order to financial institutions, county recorders for deeds, and other entities holding the property. Institutions often require a certified court order and a certification of trust or trustee affidavit to update account registrations. Trustees should maintain accurate records reflecting the court’s order and confirm that institutions have taken the required actions to retitle assets or otherwise acknowledge trustee authority. Implementing the court’s order also involves updating internal trust records and communicating with beneficiaries about any changes in asset management. Proper follow-through ensures that the recognition granted by the court is reflected in institutional records and that trustees can administer and distribute property under the trust without further procedural obstacles.
To reduce the likelihood of needing a Heggstad petition, regularly review and update account titles, deeds, and beneficiary designations, especially after major life events such as moves, purchases, or changes in family structure. Creating an inventory of assets and confirming that each item is titled in the trust’s name or has appropriate beneficiary designations makes it easier to maintain an effective estate plan. Periodic reviews with trusted legal or financial advisors can catch oversights before they become issues after a passing. Maintaining clear documentation of estate planning intent, including copies of signed trust documents and instructions for funding, also helps. If an omission is discovered, addressing it promptly and gathering supportive records reduces future complications. Proactive recordkeeping and periodic reviews are practical steps that preserve the integrity of a trust-based estate plan.
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